Kuopsa kwa meningitis kungachepe kwambiri ndi njira zothandiza komanso zamankhwala. Matenda ambiri a meningitis ndi opatsirana, ndipo mbali yaikulu yothetsera meningitis imachokera pa kupewa ndi kuteteza matenda omwe angayambitse matenda a mimba.
Mitundu ina ya meningitis siilimbana ndi matenda, ndipo kudziwa zifukwazi kungakuthandizeni kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wopanga mitundu yosiyana ya matenda a mimba.
Moyo
Zamoyo zopatsirana zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mimba zimakhala zachilendo m'deralo. Mungathe kutenga njira zochepetsera mwayi wokhala ndi meningitis mwa kupewa matendawa ngati momwe mungathere. Makanda, anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoziteteza ku chitetezo cha mthupi, ndi okalamba, ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda a meningitis, ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto ambiri. Ngati mukusamalira munthu amene ali m'modzi mwa magulu omwe ali paziopsezo, kulingalira za moyo wotsutsana ndizofunika kwambiri.
- Yesetsani kukhala aukhondo: Zizoloŵezi ndi machitidwe, monga kutsuka m'manja, kupukuta zipangizo, ndi kutaya zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zingathandize kuteteza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a meningitis. Ngati mutagwirana chanza ndi anthu ambiri pazinthu zamalonda, mwachitsanzo, ndi chizoloŵezi chabwino nthawi zonse kusamba m'manja kuti musapeze matenda.
- Peŵani kuyanjana / kugawa zinthu ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo: Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwidwa ndi matenda odwala matendawa. Nthawi zina, munthu akhoza kukhala ndi matenda, monga nkhuku, osakhala ndi meningitis. Koma matendawa amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwiritsira ntchito matendawa. Ngati mungapewe kutenga kachilombo ka kupewa ogwira nawo ntchito omwe angadwale, kulimbikitsa anzanu kapena abwenzi anu kuti azikhala pakhomo pamene akudwala, mukhoza kuthandiza kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda.
- Pewani kukhala ndi ena: Kutseka pafupi, monga ku koleji, kapena kumalo a usilikali, kungapangitse mwayi wanu wodwala matenda a meningitis. Kukhala wamoyo sikoyenera kwenikweni, chifukwa anthu ambiri samafuna kukhala opanda abwenzi kapena abwenzi kwamuyaya. Komabe, ngati muli ndi vutoli, ndibwino kuti musakhale ndi magulu akuluakulu a anthu.
Katemera
Katemera wina akhoza kuteteza zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a meningitis. Palibe katemera kuti athetse zifukwa zonse za matenda a mitsempha, monga E. coli kapena Staphylococcus aureus mabakiteriya.
- Katemera wa haemophilus influenzae mtundu wa b (Hib): Katemera wa Hib umateteza ana ku chibayo , bacacteremia (matenda a magazi), ndi epiglottitis komanso matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Haemophilus influenzae . Ana nthawi zonse amayamba kupeza katemera wa Hib atakhala ndi miyezi iwiri, akutha ndi mlingo wopatsirana ali ndi miyezi 12 mpaka 15.
- Katemera wa meningococcal amalepheretsa anthu ambiri ku Neisseria kupanga meningitides matenda
- MenHibrix imaphatikiza katemera kwa magulu onse a Hib ndi magulu a amuna odwala C and Y kwa ana ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu omwe ali pangozi yambiri ya matenda a meningococcal
- Pneumococcal (Prevnar) yomwe imateteza matenda ambiri a Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Amatsitsa katemera
- Katemera wa nkhuku
Maningococcal Vaccines
Katemera wa meningococcal amatetezera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya a Neisseria meningitidis , omwe angayambitse matenda a meningitis ndi meningococememia, matenda oopsya a magazi. Katemera wa quadrivalentwa amateteza motsutsana ndi maselo a meningococcal A, C, Y, ndi W-135.
Katemera wa meningococcal ndi awa:
- Manicra - MCV4 yophimba katemera A, C, W, Y
- Manveo - MCV4 yophimba katemera a A, C, W, Y
- MenHibrix - imaphimba Hib kuphatikizapo serogroups C ndi Y okha
- Bexsero - MenB katemera woteteza serogroup B yokha
- Trumenba - MenB katemera woteteza serogroup B yokha
Pakali pano amalimbikitsa kuti Menactra kapena Menveo aperekedwe kwa ana onse pafupipafupi akapita kukaonana ndi adokotala ali ndi zaka 11 kapena 12. Achinyamata ayeneranso kulandira pamene adayamba sukulu ya sekondale kapena ngati akukhala ku dorm ku koleji komanso alibe katemera wa meningococcal.
Malingana ndi CDC, Menactra kapena Menveo akulimbikitsidwanso kwa magulu otsatirawa:
- Ophunzira a usilikali a US
- Aliyense woyenda, kapena kukhala mmenemo, ndi gawo la dziko limene matenda a meningococcal amapezeka, monga mbali za Africa
- Aliyense amene ali ndi ntchentche yowonongeka, kapena kuti ndulu yake yachotsedwapo
- Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda amathandizira kuperewera kwa chigawo (chitetezo cha m'thupi)
- Anthu omwe amatha kukhala ndi matenda a meningitis panthawi ya chiwindi
- Madokotala a microbiologist omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi mabakiteriya a meningococcal
- Mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito MenB amalimbikitsidwanso pakutha.
Ana ambiri ang'onoang'ono sangapeze katemera wa meningococcal. Ngati mwana wanu ali pa gulu loopsa, akhoza kutenga katemera ali wamng'ono:
- MenHibrix kuyambira pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi
- Menveo kuyambira pa miyezi iwiri
- Menactra kuyambira pa miyezi 9
- Bexsero kapena Trumenba kuyambira pa zaka 10
Zokhudzana ndi Katemera
- Monga katemera ambiri operekedwa kwa ana, Menactra, Menveo, Bexsero, ndi Trumenba onse samasewera ndi zina zoteteza. Ngakhale kuti palibe chitsimikizo chovomerezeka pakati pa thimerosal, mercury, ndi autism, chifukwa chakuti katemera atsopano alibe mankhwala otetezera akhoza kulandira uthenga kwa makolo ambiri.
Mankhwala
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kungachepetse kapena kuonjezera mwayi wanu wodwala matenda a meningitis, ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa pa meningitis si olimba monga momwe zimakhudzira moyo ndi katemera.
Kuchiza Matenda
Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwiritsira ntchito matenda a umuna akhoza kuthandizanso machitidwe ena a thupi, monga kupuma. Kuchiza matenda ena kumayambiriro, asanayambe kupita patsogolo, akhoza kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wopanga matenda a meningitis. Maantibayotiki kapena mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuteteza matenda ena kuti asakhale achiwawa nthawi zina. Kaya dokotala akudandaula kuti matenda angapite patsogolo ndikuyambitsa matenda a mimba amachokera ku zinthu za thanzi lanu ndi matenda anu. Mukhoza kukhala pachiopsezo chotchedwa meningitis ngati muli ndi vuto la chitetezo cha mthupi kapena ngati mwakhalapo pafupi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a meningitis, monga pakuphulika.
Kusamala Mankhwala
Pali mankhwala omwe angayambitse matenda a meningitis. Kukula kwa meningitis chifukwa cha mankhwala sizodziwika. Koma, kuzindikira za zotsatirazi zingakuthandizeni kupeza mankhwala mwamsanga, kotero kuti madokotala anu akhoza kusintha mankhwala anu ngati n'kofunikira. Kawirikawiri, sibwino kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena owonjezera, makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto lomwe mankhwala sanawonetsedwe kuti ali othandiza.
Mankhwala omwe ayambitsa kawirikawiri matenda a meningitis:
- NSAIDs
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
- Immunoglobulins
- Immunosuppresants
- Chemotherapeutic mankhwala
- Mankhwala a intrathecal- mankhwala operekedwa kudzera mu madzi a msana
Zotsatira:
> Bruner KE, Coop CA, White KM. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-inachititsa aseptic meningitis-osati nthenda ina ya sulfa. Ann Zozizira Nthenda Immunol. 2014 Nov; 113 (5): 520-6. lembani: 10.1016 / j.anai.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Sep 17.
> Kepa L Oczko-Grzesik B, Stolarz W, Sobala-Szczygiel B. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti aseptic meningitis ikhale ndi matenda opatsirana. J Clin Neurosci. 2005 Jun; 12 (5): 562-4.