Pamene Ana Amafunikira Mankhwala Oletsa Mankhwala
Maantibayotiki amalembedwa mopanda malire chifukwa cha chimfine, chimfine, chifuwa ndi bronchitis, ndi zilonda zam'mimba, ndi zina.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mosasamala Ndi Vuto Lalikulu
Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa mobwerezabwereza kungapangitse zotsatira zosafunika, kuphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba komanso zomwe zimachitika. Mwinanso chofunika kwambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mobwerezabwereza kumayambitsa mabakiteriya ambiri omwe angathe kuthana ndi maantibayotiki.
Mabakiteriya oteteza maantibayotiki omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri kuchiza, nthawi zambiri amafuna maantibayotiki amphamvu, ndipo amachititsa matenda owopsya.
Mukhoza kuthana ndi vuto la mabakiteriya osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi antibiotic poonetsetsa kuti mwana wanu amangotenga antibiotic pokhapokha ngati akusowa ndipo amazitenga monga momwe akufunira. Kumvetsetsa njira zamakono zothandizira maantibayotiki kumatenda a khutu ndi matenda a sinus, kuphatikizapo njira zomwe mungasamalire mwana wanu popanda mankhwala opha antibiotics, zingathandizenso kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Maantibayotiki a Matenda a Kumutu
Matenda a makutu ndiwo amodzi omwe ma antibayotiki amaperekedwa kwa ana.
Malangizo omwe anamasulidwa mu 2004 athandizira kuchepetsa zina mwa malamulowa, monga momwe adalangizira "njira yosamala" kwa ana ena omwe ali ndi matenda. Ana awa omwe angathe kusamala bwino kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu opanda mankhwala ndi antibiotic ndiwo omwe anali ndi zaka ziwiri ndipo anali ndi zizindikiro zochepa.
Mu ndondomeko yosinthidwa kuchokera ku AAP, "njira yowonetsera" tsopano yayipitsidwira kwa makanda ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kumbukirani kuti kuyang'ana popanda mankhwala ophera antibiotics ndi njira yabwino yokha kwa ana omwe ali ndi:
- Matenda a khutu kumutu umodzi (osagwirizana) kapena ana omwe ali ndi zaka ziwiri (2) ali ndi zizindikiro zofatsa komanso matenda a khutu m'makutu onse awiri (awiri)
- Matenda a khutu popanda makutu (khutu)
- zizindikiro zofatsa, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi ululu wochepa chabe, kutentha kosachepera madigiri 39 ° C
- kupezeka kwa ndondomeko yothandizira kulandira chithandizo ngati zizindikiro za mwana zikuipiraipira kapena sizikhala bwino masiku awiri kapena atatu
- makolo omwe amavomereza kukonzekera kusamala popanda mankhwala opatsirana
Kwa ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka khutu omwe sali okonzeka kuyang'anitsitsa, makamaka omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa, ndiye kuti mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akuvomerezedwabe.
Ndi maantibayotiki ati?
Ngati mwana wanu sanakhalepo ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo m'masiku 30 apitayi ndipo sangatsutse, ndiye kuti adzalangizidwa kuti adzidwe mankhwalawa. Zosankha zina ndi monga amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin XR), cefdinir (Omnicef), cefpodoxime (Vantin), cefuroxime (Ceftin), kapena masiku atatu kapena atatu a zoferaxone (Rocephin).
Njira zatsopano zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zothandizira pamene mankhwala oyamba adalephera, kuphatikizapo kuwombera kwapadera ndi masiku atatu a clindamycin omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, etc.). Kuphatikizana kwa clindamycin ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a cephalosporin ndi njira yabwino kwa ana awa.
Maantibayotiki a Matenda a Sinus
Ngakhale kuti ma antibiotic akhala akulimbikitsidwa kuti athandizidwe ndi matenda a sinusitis kwa ana, amakhalanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika pamene ana ali ndi matenda opatsirana opatsirana kumtunda. Zotsatira za chithandizo chomwe chinatuluka mu 2001 zinagwira ntchito kuthandiza kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa mobwerezabwereza powapatsa njira zothandizira kupeza matenda a sinusitis. Ndipotu, kuti mupeze matenda oyenera, muyenera kuyamba kuchidziŵa bwinobwino. Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi mphuno yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha chimfine, ndiye kuti alibe matenda a sinus ndipo safuna mankhwala oletsa antibiotic.
Malangizowa atsopano posinthidwa, ndipo monga malangizo okhudzidwa ndi makutu tsopano akuphatikizapo njira yosankha ana. Izi zimayambira ndi chitsimikizo kuti sinusitis imapezekanso bwino, kuphatikizapo kuti ikhale ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha sinusitis, mwanayo amakhala ndi zizindikiro zosalekeza (mphuno yamphongo ndi / kapena kutentha kwa masana kwa masiku opitirira khumi osapindula), kuwonjezereka zizindikiro pambuyo pake anali atayamba kukhala bwino, kapena zizindikiro zoopsa kwa masiku osachepera atatu.
Kwa ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosalekeza, m'malo momangotchula antibiotic nthawi yomweyo, njira ina ikhoza kuyang'ana mwanayo masiku ena atatu popanda mankhwala opha tizilombo kuti awone ngati akukhala bwino. Ngati sawoneka bwino, amafika poipa kwambiri, komanso kwa ana omwe poyamba amapezeka kuti ali ndi sinusitis ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kapena omwe akuyamba kuwonjezereka, ndiye kuti mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwabe.
Ma antibayotiki ovomerezeka chifukwa cha matenda a sinus m'mawu atsopano a AAP ndi awa:
- mkulu-dose amoxicillin (mankhwala oyambirira)
- mlingo woyenera amoxicillin (ana a zaka zoposa 2-zaka omwe sali pantchito yosamalira tsiku)
- mkulu-dose augmentin (posachedwapa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala)
- Patsiku la 1-3 laftftxone (silingatenge kapena kulekerera kumwa mlingo woyambirira wa mankhwala opha tizilombo) kuti tizitsatiridwa ndi maphunziro a masiku khumi a mankhwalawa pakamwa pokhapokha atakhala bwino
Monga matenda a makutu, ana omwe ali ndi sinusitis amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi cefdinir, cefuroxime, kapena cefpodoxime. Ndipo ngati palibe kusintha pakapita masiku atatu (maola 72), mankhwala a mwana wanu angasinthe kuti akhale osintha, makamaka ngati atayamba amoxicillin.
Mankhwala Osokoneza Matenda a Mitundu Yambiri
Izi ndi zosavuta. Ana ambiri kawirikawiri amafunikira maantibayotiki akakhala ndi pakhosi pokhapokha atakhala ndi matenda a streptococcal (strep). Chifukwa chakuti pakhosi (pharyngitis) amayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana pogonana, mayesero a strep ayenera kuchitidwa kuti athe kutsimikizira kuti asanamve mankhwalawa.
Ngati mwana ali ndi strep throat , ndiye mankhwala ophera ma antibiotic angaphatikizepo:
- Penicillin V
- mlingo woyenera amoxicillin
- Benzathine penicillin G (a penicillin akuwombera)
Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la penicillin amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi cephalosporin, monga cephalexin (Keflex) kapena cefadroxil (Duricef), clindamycin, azithromycin (Zithromax), kapena clarithromycin (Biaxin).
Maantibayotiki a Bronchitis
Zidzakhala zodabwitsa kwa makolo ambiri kuti AAP Red Book imanena kuti "matenda osakanikirana ndi matenda a chifuwa kwa ana, mosasamala kanthu kwa nthawi yaitali, salola kuti mankhwalawa azitha kuchiza."
Kumbukirani kuti bronchitis yoopsa ikhoza kuyambitsa chifuwa, chomwe chingakhale chopindulitsa, ndipo chikhoza kukhala kwa milungu itatu. Ndipo kachiwiri, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo sikuvomerezedwa kuti tipeze bronchitis.
Mwana wanu akadatha kulembedwa antibiotic ngati ali ndi chifuwa chokhazikika chomwe chimakhala masiku khumi kapena khumi ndi anayi kapena kuposerapo ndipo dokotala akudandaula kuti amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya awa:
- Bordetella parapertussis
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Chlamydophila pneumoniae
Chofunika kwambiri, popeza kuti ma antibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kuti athetse khansa, funsani ngati mwana wanu akufunikiradi antibiotic pamene ali ndi chifuwa.
Maantibayotiki a Matenda a Khungu
Ngakhale ziphuphu ndi ziwalo zina za khungu ndizofala kwa ana, mwatsoka, ambiri samasowa mankhwala ndi maantibayotiki. Ena amachita, komanso pakakula kwa mabakiteriya osagwira ntchito, nkofunika kuti mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a khungu amauzidwa kuti ndi mankhwala oyenera.
Matenda a khungu ndi ofewa angaphatikizepo:
- cellulitis popanda madzi osungunula (pus) - osadandaula ndi MRSA, kotero kuti anti-staph ndi / kapena anti-strep antibiotic angagwiritsidwe ntchito, monga cephalexin kapena cefadroxil.
- cellulitis ndi madzi osokoneza (purus) (anti-pus) - mankhwala omwe amachititsa MRSA , kuphatikizapo clindamycin, TMP-SMX (Bactrim), tetracycline (ana omwe ali osachepera 8), kapena linezolid.
- abscess - antibiotics omwe amathandiza MRSA, kuphatikizapo clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim), tetracycline (ana omwe ali ndi zaka 8), kapena linezolid.
- impetigo - mupirocin 2% mafuta onunkhira kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito milandu yambiri (cephalexin kapena cefadroxil).
Kupuma kosavuta kungaperekedwe popanda mankhwala opha tizilombo ngati angayambe, sikuyipiraipira, ndipo mwanayo ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Kupumula koopsa kwambiri kungapangitse odwala matenda opaleshoni, makina opaleshoni komanso ma antibiotics.
Bactrim, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza MRSA, sichitsatira mabakiteriya a beta-hemolytic streptococci, omwe angayambitsenso matenda ena a khungu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dokotala wanu asapereke Bactrim ngati sakuganiza kuti mwana wanu ali ndi MRSA.
Maantibayotiki a Kutsekula m'mimba
Nthawi zambiri makolo sayembekezera mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pamene ana awo amatsekula m'mimba. Kuwonjezera apo, kutsegula m'mimba kumayambitsidwa ndi matenda a tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi poizoni wa zakudya, ndi zina zotero, ngakhale zimayambitsa mabakiteriya, simukusowa mankhwala opha tizilombo.
Ndipotu, nthawi zina, maantibayotiki angapangitse mwana wanu kutsekula m'mimba kwambiri.
- Salmonellosis - Kutsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Salmonella nthawi zambiri amachoka yekha. Maantibayotiki angapangitse mwana wanu kutenga matendawa kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Shigellosis - Kutsekula m'mimba kumene kumachitika ndi mabakiteriya a Shigella akhoza kuchoka okha, koma milandu ikuluikulu ingafune mankhwala ndi maantibayotiki. Ma antibayotiki ovomerezeka a matenda a Shigella ndi azithromycin ndi ceftriaxone ngati akutsutsidwa ndi antibiotics, monga amoxicillin ndi trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
- Matenda a E. coli - Kutsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha E. coli nthawi zambiri kumachoka paokha. Ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi maantibayotiki, ena, monga E. coli opanga poizoni wa Shiga (STEC), akhoza kuika mwana wanu pangozi kwa HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome - vuto loopsya la moyo lomwe limaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa magazi ndi impso).
- Campylobacteriosis - Kutsekula m'mimba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Campylobacter kumafuna chithandizo ndi azithromycin ngati mwana ali ndi zizindikiro zazikulu.
- Clostridium difficile - Anthu amene amamwa maantibayotiki ali pangozi ya C. Matenda opatsirana, omwe amachititsa kutsekula m'mimba, ndipo amafunika kuchitidwa ndi antibiotic ngati metronidazole.
Popeza kuti maantibayotiki nthawi zambiri safunikira ku matenda ambiri amene amachititsa kutsegula m'mimba, ndipo amachititsa kuti m'mimba aziwongolera, monga momwe matenda ena amachitira, onetsetsani kuti muwafunse dokotala ngati mwana wanu amawafunadi. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo si nthawi zonse pamene mwana wanu akudwala kapena mukamachezera dokotala.
Zotsatira:
Buku Lopatulika la American Academy of Pediatrics Mmene Mungaphunzitsire Mmene Mungadziwiritsire Ntchito ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Acute Bacterial Sinusitis kwa Ana Okalamba 1 mpaka 18 Zaka. Matenda Odwala Vol. 131 No. 7 July 1, 2013.
American Academy of Pediatrics Malangizo Othandizira Othandizira. Kuzindikira ndi Kulamulira kwa Acute Otitis Media. Matenda Odwala Vol. 113 Na 5. pp. 1451-1465.
American Academy of Pediatrics Malangizo Othandizira Othandizira. Kuzindikira ndi Kulamulira kwa Acute Otitis Media. Matenda Odwala Vol. 131 No. 3 March 1, 2013. tsamba e964-e999.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Mfundo Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zovomerezeka Zokwanira Kupewa Kupewa Kupewa. Red Book 2012: 802-805.
American Heart Association. Kupewa Kutentha kwa Mafupa ndi Kufufuza ndi Kuchiza kwa Pachimake Streptococcal Pharyngitis Circulation. 2009; 119: 1541-1551.
Matenda opatsirana pogonana a ku America. Kusamalira Odwala Opatsirana Chifukwa cha Methicillin-Wotsutsa Staphylococcus Aureus. Matenda opatsirana pogonana; 2011; 52: 1-38.