Mankhwala Osokoneza Matenda Amodzi Ndiponso Ovuta Kwambiri

Kuzindikira ndi Kupewa Matenda Otsutsana ndi Antibiotic kwa Ana

Monga mankhwala omwe inu kapena mwana wanu mumalandira, maantibayotiki angabwere ndi zotsatirapo. Kawirikawiri, phindu la mankhwalawa limaposa zoopsa zilizonse, koma zimachitika molakwika. Ndi zina zotani zomwe zimayambitsa ma antibiotic? Ndi zina zotani zomwe zimakhala zovuta koma zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike? Nanga mungatani kuti muchepetse vuto lanu mukamamwa mankhwalawa?

Maantibayotiki a Matenda a Ana

Ngakhale kuti maantibayotiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zapakati pa 10 mpaka 20, iwo akadali mankhwala ena omwe amaperekedwa kwambiri pazochitika za ana.

Kupereka kwa kugwa kwa mankhwala a antibiotic ndi awa:

• Kuwonjezera kwa Prevnar ku ndondomeko ya katemera wachinyamata, zomwe zatsogoleredwa ndi matenda ocheperako makutu
• Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa katemera wa chimfine , zomwe zingayambitse ana ochepa omwe ali ndi matenda a chimfine ndikumvetsera
• Kuzindikira zambiri za kuopsa kwa ma antibiotic resistance, monga a MRSA
• Mankhwala othandiza ma antibayotiki akupereka malangizo , kuphatikizapo malangizo omwe amalimbikitsa kudikirira ana omwe ali ndi matenda a khutu ndi matenda a sinus

Chofunika kwambiri, komabe pali kumvetsa kwakukulu kwa zotsatira za ma antibiotic. Kudziwa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe ma antibayotiki angapangitse kungathandize kuti ngakhale mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zochepa zowononga kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kugwira ntchito pamene tikufunikira.

Mankhwala Omwe Amayambitsa Ma Antibiotic

Ngati mwana wanu atha kumwa, kapena mwamsanga mutasiya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, onetsetsani kuti mumamuuza dokotala wanu wa ana. Zotsatira zochiza ma antibiotic zitha kukhala monga:

• Matenda okhudzana ndi ma antibiotic - Kutsekula m'mimba mukatenga antibiotic kumakhala kofala kwambiri kuposa momwe makolo ambiri akumvera. Iwo amaganiza kuti mpaka 25 peresenti ya ana adzakhala ndi kutsekula m'mimba, ngakhale akadakali mankhwala osakaniza, kapena masabata pang'ono atatha. Ngakhale kuti ma antibayotiki ena amaganiza kuti akhoza kutsegula m'mimba, kuphatikizapo Augmentin ndi erythromycin, pafupifupi mankhwala alionse omwe angayambitse matendawa amachititsa mwana wanu kutsekula m'mimba.

• Kuthamangitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa - Mankhwala oletsa antibiotics amachititsa kuti ming'oma iwonongeke. Mwamwayi, mavairasi ambiri amachititsa kuti ziphuphu zamtundu zingasokonezeke ndi zomwe zimachitika ngati mwanayo atapatsidwa mankhwala osakaniza, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto pamene mwanayo akusowa mankhwala othawa mankhwala nthawi ina.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - Rashes monga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (osati mankhwala osokoneza bongo) kwa antibiotic angakhale ovuta, mbirapapular orhes-amayamba kusokoneza (amawoneka ngati ming'oma), koma omwe sali ovomerezeka a IgE ndipo atapambana Zimayambitsa zotsatira za moyo wa anaphylactic.
• Matenda a yisiti - Matenda a yisiti angathe kuchitika m'zigawo zosiyanasiyana za thupi ndipo angaphatikizepo ziphuphu zam'mimba (thrush) kapena ziphuphu za m'mimba (Candidal vulvovaginitis.)
• Mankhwala Opangidwa ndi Mankhwala - Mankhwala a tetracycline amachititsa kuti ana asapatsidwe nthawi yochuluka pa nthawi ya enamel calcification, chifukwa chake ma antibiotic (tetracycline, doxycycline, ndi minocycline) sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kwa ana osakwana zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, akuganiza kuti ngakhale Amoxil angayambitse mano odetsa. Kafukufuku wina anafotokoza kuti ana omwe anatenga Amoxil m'miyezi yoyamba itatu kapena sikisi yoyamba anali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chifukwa cha dzino.

• Fever - Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri samanyalanyazidwa ngati zotsatira zake, mankhwala ena opha tizilombo akhala akugwirizanitsa ndi malungo opatsirana mankhwala pamene amaperekedwa mwachangu (ndi IV.)

Mwamwayi, zambiri mwa zotsatirazi ndi zazing'ono, osati kuika moyo pachiswe, ndipo zimachokapo kamodzi mwana wanu atasiya mankhwala omwe amamwa mankhwala. Mankhwalawa amatha kuchitidwa ndi antihistamines kapena corticosteroids ndi matenda a yisiti angafunikire kuwachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala onunkhira.

Zina Zoopsa Mankhwala Osokoneza Matenda

Maantibayotiki samangotulutsa kutsegula m'mimba komanso kupweteka. Pafupifupi 22 peresenti ya maulendo opita ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo mu 2011 adayambitsidwa ndi maantibayotiki.

Ndipo imodzi mwa maulendo apamwamba kwambiri oyendera maulendo opita kuchipatala mwachangu ndi omwe ali ndi zaka zosakwana zisanu. Ndizosadabwitsa pamene mukuwona kuti zina mwa zotsatira zoyipazi zingakhale monga:

• Anaphylaxis - Anaphylaxis ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizizira, makamaka vuto lopuma komanso / kapena kuchepa kwa magazi.
• Matenda a Stevens-Johnsons - Matenda a Stevens-Johnsons ndi omwe amawopseza moyo. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a Stevens-Johnson amakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine ndi zilonda zopweteka kapena zokopa m'makamwa, mphuno, maso, ndi mucosa zamagazi, nthawi zambiri.
• Matenda owopsa a epidermal necrolysis (TEN) - Matenda aakulu a matenda a Stevens-Johnson.
• Matenda a musculoskeletal - Cipro (ciprofloxacin) ndi zina zotchedwa fluoroquinolones sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ana. Amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotayirira komanso mwina kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha, makamaka kwa ana, Cipro ikhoza kubweretsa mavuto a mafupa, kuphatikizapo, ndi mawere, kuphatikizapo ululu kapena kutupa.
• Matenda a Clostridium difficile - C. kusiyana ndi mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse kutsekula m'mimba ndi zizindikiro zina za m'mimba, makamaka zomwe zimachitika kwa ana omwe atha kale kukhala ndi maantibayotiki.
• Mankhwala a Red - Zomwe zingachitike kwa ana omwe ali ndi VIVVININ IV, chifuwa chachikulu cha munthu chimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa mutu ndi khosi ndipo nthawi zina, mozama, zomwe zimawopsyeza moyo.
• Ototoxicity - Maantibayotiki ena, makamaka aminoglycosides, monga gentamicin, amachititsa kuwonongeka kwa chotupa kapena chovala, zomwe zimayambitsa kumva kutaya. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anira mankhwala osokoneza bongo pamene ana, makamaka makanda, amapatsidwa mankhwalawa. Zindikirani kuti mankhwalawa samagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mwana ali ndi matenda aakulu omwe sangathe kuchitapo kanthu kwa maantibayotiki ena.
• Mapiritsi otchedwa aophagitis - Mankhwala a mwana akhoza kukhumudwa ndi mapiritsi a antibiotic omwe akuwatenga, makamaka ngati atchulidwa doxycycline, yomwe ndi yaikulu.
• Photosensitivity - Ambiri maantibayotiki, makamaka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira nthendayi , angapangitse ana kukhala ovuta kwambiri dzuwa. Izi zikuphatikizapo antibayotiki, tetracycline, minocycline, ndi doxycycline, kuti chisamaliro china chochepetsera dzuwa chiyenera kutengedwa pamene mwana wanu akuwatenga.
• Mankhwala othandizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo - Ana amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro za systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pamene akumwa mankhwala enaake, makamaka mlingo waukulu wa minocycline kwa nthawi yaitali.
• Benign osagwidwa ndi matenda oopsa - Minocycline nthawi zina imayambitsa matenda oopsa kwambiri kapena pseudotumor cerebri, kumene ana omwe amamwa mankhwala amakhala ndi kupweteka kwa mutu, kunyowa, ndi kusanza.

Mwamwayi, kuyambira 2005, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa 69 peresenti ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa kuchipatala. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kofunika kuphunzira momwe tingawapewere.

Kupewa Matenda Otsutsana ndi Antibiotic

Inde, njira yabwino yopezera zotsatira za antibiotic ndiyo kungopeza mankhwala oletsa antibiotic pamene pakufunika kuchiza matenda a bakiteriya ndikuzitenga monga momwe akufunira.

Kuwonjezera pa kulimbikitsa maantibayotiki kukana, pamene mankhwala opha tizilombo sangathe kupha mabakiteriya, kutenga mankhwala opha tizilombo ngati sakufunikira kungapangitse mwana wanu kuti aziwopsya. Ndiponsotu, mankhwalawa a Amoxil kapena Zithromax sangayambitse kutsegula m'mimba kapena kutsegula m'mimba ngati sakanalembedwe.

Koma pamene mankhwala opha tizilombo amafunika, monga ngati mwana wanu ali ndi mphuno kapena chibayo, mungapewe kapena kuchepetsa mwayi wa mwana wanu kuti akhale ndi zotsatira zake:

• Kupeza maantibioti - Kafukufuku wambiri amasonyeza kuti ma probiotic angapewe kutsekula m'mimba kwa ana.
• Kumwa madzi ochuluka kuti mupewe mapiritsi oterewa ngati mwana wanu akutenga doxycycline kapena mapiritsi akulu kapena mapiritsi.
• Samalani kwambiri kuti muteteze mwana wanu ku dzuwa ngati akumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe angamuike pangozi yowonjezera kutentha kwa dzuwa pogwiritsira ntchito sunscreen, kuvala zovala zoteteza komanso kuchepetsa dzuwa.
• Kutenga antibiotic monga momwe mwafunira, kuphatikizapo kumaliza mankhwala onse kuti musakhale ndi mankhwala alionse otsala.
• Pewani kuyanjana ndi mankhwala ena poonetsetsa kuti dokotala wanu wamwamuna akudziwa za mankhwala ena onse, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ochiritsira komanso mankhwala omwe mwana wanu angatenge.
• Kusunga maantibayotiki molondola, makamaka ngati amafunika kukhala firiji.
• Tsatirani njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kapena mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito.

Chofunika kwambiri, komabe, yongolani mankhwala atsopano omwe akutsatira malangizo kuti musayang'ane antibiotic nthawi iliyonse pamene mwana wanu ali ndi mphuno, chifuwa, kapena kachilombo kakang'ono.

Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Zotsatira Zokwanira za Antibiotic

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimangokhala zovuta, zotsatira zochokera ku ma antibiotic zingakhale zovuta. Zinthu zina zodziwika ndi zotsatira za maantibayotiki zikuphatikizapo:

• Ngakhale kuti sagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa ana, Doxycycline imasonyezedwa kwa ana omwe ali ndi Ehrlichiosis ndi Rocky Mountain malo amodzi , ngakhale ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Pazochitikazi, zoopsa za matendawa okhudzidwa ndi nkhupakupa zimakhala zoopsa poyesa kumwa maantibayotiki.
• Kwa ana, Cipro imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda opatsirana am'thupi ndi pyelonephritis (matenda a impso) chifukwa cha Escherichia coli . Komabe, siyi kusankha koyamba mankhwala kwa ana aang'ono.
• Omnicef ​​(cefdinir) nthawi zina amachititsa kuti mwana akhale ndi ubweya wofiira chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi mavitamini a chitsulo, kapangidwe ka ana ndi chitsulo, kapena zinthu zina zitsulo.
• Amoxil (amoxicillin) nthawi zina amachititsa kusintha kwa khalidwe, kuphatikizapo kusakhudzidwa ndi kusokonezeka.
• Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la shuga la 6-phosphatase (kuchepa kwa G6PD) sayenera kumwa mankhwala enaake chifukwa cha chiopsezo chotenga magazi m'thupi. Zitsanzo za maantibayotiki awa ndi sulfonamides ndi nitrofurantoin.
• Mankhwala opha tizilombo amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo tawonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala ozizwitsa ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu khumi zomwe zimachitika m'zaka za m'ma 1900. Musalole kudandaula za zotsatirapo kuti musamalandire maantibayotiki mukamawafuna.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zotsatira zoopsa zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mukhoza kuwuza FDA kudzera mu mawonekedwe awo ovomerezeka a kuWedWatch pawekha.

> Zosowa

• > Kliegman, Robert M., Bonita Stanton, St Geme III Joseph W., Nina Felice. Schor, Richard E. Behrman, ndi Waldo E. Nelson. Nelson Buku Lophunzitsa za Ana. Kusindikiza kwa 20. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2015. Print.
• > Issa, I., ndi R. Moucari. Mankhwala oletsa mavitamini okhudzana ndi matenda otsekula m'magazi: Kodi Tili ndi Chigamulo? . World Journal of Gastroenterology . 2014. 20 (47): 17788-17795.
• > Zareifopoulos, N., ndi G. Panayiotakopoulos. Zotsatira za Neuropsychiatric Zamagetsi Antimicrobial. Kufufuza kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo . 2017. 37 (5): 423-437.