Malamulo monga 'High Performance' Autism 'Angakhale Osokoneza
Palibe mankhwala omwe amatchedwa "high-functioning autism" (HFA), ndipo palibe tanthawuzo lovomerezeka la "kugwira ntchito bwino." Kotero kodi tanthauzo lake ndi chiyani? Mwachidule, "kuthamanga kwa autism " kungatanthauze zotsatirazi:
- "munthu yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa zomwe, ngakhale kuti ali ofatsa, ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti azisamalira autism spectrum diagnosis" kapena ...
- "munthu amene ali ndi autism omwe IQ ili pamwamba kuposa 70" kapena ...
- "munthu amene ali ndi autism yemwe amayenda bwino kusukulu kapena malo ogwira ntchito" kapena ...
- "Munthu amene amatha kusokoneza zizindikiro za autism bwinobwino kotero kuti ali ndi njira zoyembekezeredwa ndipo amatha kudutsa" kapena ...
- "munthu amene nthawi ina anali ndi matenda a Asperger Syndrome."
Monga mukuonera, HFA ya munthu mmodzi ndi ... HFA munthu mmodzi yekha. Kuwonjezera pa ichi, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi autism akhoza kukhala owala, ochita bwino, komanso amakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa (monga nkhawa ndi kusokonezeka maganizo ) zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yawo ya tsiku ndi tsiku. Mfundo yaikulu: HFA ndi yovuta kufotokozera.
Chifukwa Chachikulu Chogwira Ntchito Autism Si Chofanana ndi Asperger Syndrome
Kufikira 2013, anthu ambiri omwe anganene kuti ali ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito za autism anapezeka ndi Asperger syndrome kapena PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder Sindidziwika) .
- Matenda a Asperger anali odziwika bwino omwe anafotokozera munthu wamba kapena wopambana kuposa nzeru zenizeni ndi luso lodziwa bwino zaka zomwe adalinso ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe komanso kulankhulana.
- PDD-NOS inali chidziwitso chonse. Kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri kumamveka kutanthauza chinthu chofanana ndi "high functioning autistic," chimaphatikizapo anthu pamagulu onse ogwira ntchito omwe zizindikiro zawo sizinagwirizane bwino ndi autism yachikale.
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2013, kutulutsidwa kwa DSM-5, ngakhalenso PDD-NOS kapena Asperger syndrome ndizigawo zovomerezeka ku United States.
Mwina chofunika kwambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi Asperger Syndrome (mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza amaganiza kuti matendawa asokonekera) amawoneka akugawana makhalidwe ena omwe sagawidwe ndi anthu onse okhala ndi ma IQ apamwamba ndi autism. Mwachitsanzo, nkhawa nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro cha Asperger Syndrome chomwe sichigawidwa ndi aliyense yemwe anganene kuti ali ndi HFA.
Kodi 'Mbendera 1' Autism ndi yomweyi monga 'High Performance Autism?'
Ndi DSM-5, m'malo modzipatula, palinso gulu limodzi lalikulu la anthu omwe ali ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder. Koma anthu okhala ndi autism akadali osiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake. Choncho, pofuna kufotokozera kusiyana kumeneku, DSM-5 ikuphatikizansopo mbali zofunikira. Anthu omwe ali owala komanso omveka (ndipo motero, mwachidziwitso, akusowa thandizo lochepa) amadziwika kuti ali ndi Vuto la Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Koma kodi munthu amene ali ndi Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder amawoneka bwanji? Yankho lake ndi losiyana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa. Mwachitsanzo:
- Angagwiritse ntchito chinenero choyenera, kuwerenga, kulemba, kuchita masamu, kusonyeza chikondi, ntchito zonse za tsiku ndi tsiku. Komabe, iwo sangathe kuyankhulana maso, kumangokambirana, kuchita masewera, kapena kutengapo mbali zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe.
- Iwo ali ndi chilankhulo chofunikira ndi chinenero chochedwa kuchepetsa koma amatha kutenga nawo mbali pulogalamu yophatikizapo maphunziro chifukwa cha luso lawo lomaliza maphunziro.
- Iwo ali ndi mawu ochepa ndi ochedwa kuchepetsa anthu koma amakhala ndi mavuto akuluakulu omwe amachititsa kuti zisakhale zovuta kuti athe kutenga nawo mbali pulogalamu yophatikizapo maphunziro.
- Ali ndi nkhaŵa yaikulu, kuphunzira, ndi zovuta-koma ali ndi mawu oyenera otha msinkhu komanso luso lapadera mu nyimbo, masamu, ndi zamisiri.
Mwachidule, mphamvu zowonjezera zomwe zingatheke ndi zovuta zili pafupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti lingaliro la "Level 1" autism ndi lokongola kwambiri.
Mwachiwonekere, anthu omwe anakhazikitsa lingaliro la "Mipangidwe ya Thandizo" anali kuganiza mwanjira yeniyeni-ndiko kuti, anthu omwe ali ndi gawo la 3 autism amafunikira thandizo la 24/7 luso lothandizira, pamene anthu omwe ali ndi Vuto 1 alibe mphamvu.
Kodi Mumafunika Kuthandizira Kwambiri Kodi 'Ntchito Yaikulu' Yomwe Amafunika?
Ngakhale anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi "ntchito yodalirika" autism amafunikira kuthandizidwa ndi chimbudzi kapena chiyero, iwo amafunikira bwino thandizo linalake. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wokongola kwambiri amene ali ndi vuto lalikulu, nkhawa, ndi kupirira akhoza kukhala ndi nthawi yovuta kuntchito kusiyana ndi munthu wochenjera kwambiri yemwe alibe nkhawa komanso zochepa.
Zowonjezerapo, "kugwira ntchito mochepa" munthu angathe kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yake yambiri mu malo ovomerezeka kumene kuthekera kwa kuyanjana koopsa kuli pafupifupi zero. Pakalipano, munthu yemwe ali ndi "ntchito yodalirika" autism angafunike kuyendayenda m'dziko lovuta komanso loopsya. Ndani akufunikira chithandizo china pansi pazimenezo?
Palibe Mayankho Osavuta
Autism ndi nthano-osati chifukwa anthu omwe ali ndi autism akudodometsa, koma chifukwa matanthawuzo osinthika a autism amatanthauza kuti sitingathe kufika pamapeto.
Ndipo osati kutanthauzira kokha kokha, koma momwemonso malingaliro a chikhalidwe omwe amachititsa apamwamba kugwira ntchito autism kukhala kovuta kwambiri. Kale, mwachitsanzo, kuyankhulana maso ndi maso kunali chinsinsi cha kupambana kwanu; Masiku ano, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi mavuto amtunduwu sakhala okhoza kuyanjana ndi ena pa intaneti, kupanga mabwenzi kudzera pa zamasewero, ngakhale kugwira ntchito patali. Mabizinesi ena akugulitsa anthu ogwira ntchito otchuka chifukwa cha luso lawo lapadera, pamene ena sangaganizire kugwiritsira ntchito luso labwino.
Ngati izi zikupangitsa kuti mumve kuti kutanthawuza kwapamwamba kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito autism kumveka ngati matope, simuli nokha! Komabe, tsopano, mumvetsetsa chifukwa chake mawuwa ndi ovuta kwambiri msomali-ndipo mukudziwa kuti muli nawo bwino.