Chithandizo cha matenda a sinus chimadalira mtundu wa sinusitis ndi magwero a kutupa kapena matenda pazu wake. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tingathe kuthetsa nokha ndipo chithandizo ndi chithandizo chokhalitsa cha matenda, pomwe bacterial sinusitis nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Kuchiza matenda omwe angakhale akuthandizira ku matenda aakulu a sinus kungathandizenso.
Matenda a sinusitis angakhale ovuta kwambiri, monga matenda odwala kapena osadziwika angakhale otsekemera zikhomozo ndipo amafunika opaleshoni. Ngati bowa, m'malo mwa bacterium, yakula mkati mwa machimo, mankhwala oletsa fungal ndi opaleshoni yowonjezera angafunike kuti awulule.
Zothetsera Pakhomo ndi Moyo Wamoyo
Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amapezeka pamakomo omwe angathe kuchepetsa zizindikiro za matenda a sinus. Kumwa madzi amchere a m'mchere ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandizira zizindikiro za sinusitis zosaneneka kwa akuluakulu, ngakhale kuti maphunziro sapereka phindu kwa ana. Kuthira kwachisawawa kumakhala kosavuta kuchita kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito mphika wa neti kapena njira zina zowatsuka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito nthunzi ya nthunzi kapena kutentha kozizira kapena kozizira kungakuthandizeni kusunga ntchentche yanu. Kutsekemera kwa nthunzi yosafunika ndi eukalyti , chamomile, kapena peppermint kungathandizenso. Ngakhale palibe kufufuza kwasayansi kuti zowonjezera izi zikulitsa zizindikiro, mungazipeze zotsitsimula.
(Zindikirani: Maapulojekiti otentha ndi owopsa ndipo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi ndi ana.)
Malangizo ena othandiza:
- Madzi otentha amathandiza kupweteka, kukweza ngalande, ndi kutsegula zikhomo.
- Pewani kupweteka kwa nkhope ndi kutupa pogwiritsira ntchito compress yolimba pamaso panu.
- Imwani madzi ambiri ndipo muzipuma mokwanira.
Njira Zochiritsira Zambiri
Kupatula mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi mankhwala oletsa fungal, omwe ndi malemba, mankhwala alionse omwe amalimbikitsa sinusitis ndi omwe amachititsa kuti asamalidwe komanso asachiritse matenda. Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu zomwe zimafunika kuchiza zimagwirizana ndi kupweteka kwa uchimo , kusokonezeka , ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala. Ngakhale mankhwala ambiri omwe ali pansiwa alipo pa-counter-the-counter, nthawi zonse muziyendera ndi dokotala kapena wamankhwala musanayambe kumwa mankhwala atsopano kapena kuphatikiza mankhwala.
Mpumulo wa Machimo a Sinus
Sinusitis ingayambitse kupweteka kwa mutu, kupweteka kwa dzino, kupweteka ndi kupanikizika pamaso. Kupweteka kwamtundu wambiri kumathandiza kungathetsere vutoli ndikuphatikizapo:
- Tylenol (acetaminophen)
- Advil, Motrin (ibuprofen)
- Aleven (naproxen)
- Aspirin
Ena mwa mankhwalawa akhoza kuphatikizidwa; Mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino angatenge onse acetaminophen ndi ibuprofen pokhapokha atatsatira malangizo a dosing omwe ali mu phukusi. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti ibuprofen ndi naproxen zisagwirizane, monga momwe mankhwalawa alili ofanana kwambiri. Aspirin ndiwopseza magazi kwambiri ndipo sayenera kutengedwa ndi aliyense amene akumwa kale magazi, kapena ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
Aspirin sayenera kupatsidwa kwa ana chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha matenda a Reye.
Ngati matendawa akuyipa kwambiri atatenga aspirin, ukhoza kukhala mmodzi mwa anthu osasamala omwe ali ndi vuto la aspirin lomwe limachepetsa zizindikiro za sinusitis. Zisonyezo zimaphatikizapo kumverera kwa chifuwa, chifuwa, chifuwa, ndi kukhudzidwa kwadzidzidzi m'mimba mwa maola angapo otha aspirin, ibuprofen, kapena naproxen. Ngati mukuganiza kuti mungakhale ndi vutoli, pewani kumwa mankhwalawa ndikugwiritsa ntchito acetaminophen m'malo mwake.
Ngati kupweteka kwamtundu wambiri kulibe mphamvu yothetsera ululu, funsani dokotala wanu.
Mchitidwe Wothandizira Mliri Wothandizira
Kusokonezeka kwapadera, mphuno yamphongo, ndi kuthamanga kwapambuyo kumatha kukhala zizindikiro za sinusitis. Mchere wa saline ndi Mucinex (guaifenesin) amagwira ntchito yochepetsetsa ntchentche yanu ndikuthandizani kuchepetsa mosavuta, zomwe zingathandize kuthetsa chisokonezo. Monga njira zina za ulimi wothirira mafuta, saline nasal spray akulimbikitsidwa kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi bacterial sinusitis ndi matenda aakulu a sinusitis.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti anthu azidwala matenda osokoneza bongo. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa ayenera kukhala ochepa kwa masiku atatu kapena asanu kuti musagwirizanenso, zomwe zimachitika pamene thupi limagwira ntchito yotayirira kwambiri popanga kutupa. Ogonjetsa sangakonzedwe kwa akuluakulu kapena ana okhala ndi sinusitis yovuta, monga momwe maphunziro sanawonetsere phindu. Zitsanzo za decongestants zikuphatikizapo:
- Afrin (oxymetazoline) mankhwala osokoneza bongo
- Sudafed (pseudoephedrine)
- Sudafed PE (phenylephrine)
Palinso operesi-s -idal steroid nasal sprays omwe angathandize kuthana ndi chisokonezo, makamaka ndi sinusitis osatha. Izi ziyenera kutengedwera nthawi yaitali kuti zitha kupindula kwathunthu. Iwo ali otetezeka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwa nthawi yaitali. Zikuphatikizapo:
- Flonase (fluticasone)
- Nasacort (triamcinolone acetonide)
Antihistamines
Mankhwala a antihistamine amatha kugwira ntchito kuti "aume", koma amathandiza kwambiri anthu omwe amachititsa sinusitis chifukwa cha chifuwa chachikulu. Mofanana ndi opongestestants, iwo sakuvomerezeka kwa akuluakulu kapena ana okhala ndi bacterial sinusitis. Ma antihistamines ena amachititsa kugona, zomwe zingakhale zopindulitsa ngati simungathe kugona usiku chifukwa cha zizindikiro zovuta. Ngati mukufuna antihistamine yomwe ingakuthandizenso kupumula, zotsatirazi zimadziwika chifukwa cha kugona:
- Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
- Unisom (doxylamine)
Ma antihistamines otsatirawa amaonedwa ngati osagona:
Antihistamine mpweya wamphongo umapezeka. Mankhwalawa samapangitsa kuti pakhale kusokonezeka.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala angathandize kuthana ndi sinusitis, mungafunike kuyesa njira zina, monga ulimi wothirira m'madzi kapena kusintha kwa moyo, kuchepetsa zizindikiro za sinusitis.
Malemba
Dokotala wanu akhoza kupereka mankhwala omwe angathandize kuthetsa zizindikiro komanso kuthana ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha sinusitis.
Mankhwala a Steroid
Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo steroid samagwira ntchito kwa inu, mungayankhe bwino mankhwala ochiritsira steroid, kuphatikizapo:
- Nasonex (mometasone)
- Rhinocort (budesonide)
Izi ndizopopera za steroid zamphongo zomwe zimayambitsa kutsegula njira zamphongo pochotsa kutupa. Iwo ndi opambana kuposa mankhwala a steroid otengedwa mu mapiritsi chifukwa alibe mavuto ambiri m'thupi. Izi zinati, ngati mankhwala opweteka amatha kusamalidwa, dokotala wanu angapereke mankhwala otchedwa steroid (prednisone). Ma steroid ovomerezeka amavutitsidwa ndi fungal sinusitis.
Steroid nasal sprays, madontho, kapena oral corticosteroids angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati muli ndi nsonga zamphongo zomwe zikuthandizira ku sinusitis. Palibe chiopsezo chothamangitsidwa ndi ntchito yawo.
Kusintha kwa Leukotriene
Gulu lina la mankhwala odzitcha kuti leukotriene modifiers lingakhale lothandiza kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi sinusitis osatha ndi omwe ali ndi sinusitis yogwirizana ndi aspirin zowopsa. Mankhwalawa ndi awa:
- Singulair (montelukast)
- Zolondola (zafirlukast)
Maantibayotiki
Maantibayotiki saperekedwa mpaka pali chisonyezero chakuti kachilomboka ndi bakiteriya m'malo mozilandira. Bacterial acute sinusitis amawonedwa ngati ana ndi akulu pamene zizindikiro sizikukula pambuyo pa masiku khumi, zimakhala zovuta kwa masiku osachepera atatu, kapena zimakhala zowonongeka kawiri pakatha masiku atatu kapena anayi (zizindikirozo zakhala bwino, ndipo zinafika poipa kwambiri kachiwiri). Dokotala angagwiritse ntchito masiku atatu akuwonetsetsa asanayambe kupanga antibiotics kuti awone ngati pali kusintha kopanda iwo kuti asapeze kuika mankhwala osayenera.
Ana ndi akulu omwe sali pachiopsezo chokhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa chifukwa cha mabakiteriya osagonjetseka akhoza kupatsidwa mankhwala okwanira a amoxicillin . Chithandizo cha antibiotic kwa anthu akuluakulu chiyenera kupitilira masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri. Kwa ana, ziyenera kuperekedwa masiku khumi kapena 14.
Zizindikiro zoterezi zotsutsana ndi ma antibiotic zikuphatikizapo kukhala ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zoposa 65; atatenga antibiotics mwezi watha; atakhala kuchipatala m'masiku asanu apitawo; kukondweretsa; kapena kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zina zokhudzana ndi thanzi. Amene ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda opatsirana ndi mabakiteriya ndipo omwe samasintha pa amoxicillin pakatha masiku atatu kapena asanu akhoza kupatsidwa mlingo wa amoxicillin kapena dose yapamwamba Augmentin ES (amoxicillin-clavulanate).
Njira zina zimaphatikizapo Omnicef (cefdinir), Ceftin (cefuroxime), Vantin (cefpodoxime), kapena, ngati wina akukumana ndi kusanza, kuwombera kwa Rocephin (ceftriaxone). Kwa ana ndi akulu omwe ali ndi vuto loopsa la penicillin, Biaxin (clarithromycin), Zithromax ( azithromycin ), kapena Cleocin (clindamycin) angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chifukwa mabakiteriya ambiri sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki achikulire, Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) ndi Pediazole (erythromycin-sulfisoxazole) sagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono.
Anthu omwe amalephera kuyankha ma antibayotiki awiri akhoza kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena amatumizidwa ku katswiri wa ENT kuti atenge miyambo yambiri kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pofuna kuyang'ana zifukwa zosagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pankhani ya sinusitis yosakwanira, mankhwala opha tizilombo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya kapena ngati dokotala sangakhoze kutulutsa matenda. Njira ya antibiotic ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa masabata anayi kapena asanu ndi limodzi.
Antifungal Agents
Mankhwala a antitifungal saperekedwa chifukwa cha fungal sinusitis kapena fungal sinusitis (fungus mpira kapena mycetoma). Mankhwala a antitifungal angaperekedwe kwa sinusitis yowonongeka, kuphatikizapo opaleshoni.
Immunotherapy for Allergies
Ngati sinusitis yanu imayambitsa kapena yowonjezereka ndi matenda (kuphatikizapo zozizira), wotsutsa akhoza kukupatsani mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena mankhwala amlomo kuti akutsutseni kwa omwe akukuvutitsani. Izi zimapangidwira kwa munthu aliyense ndipo mosalekeza zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa allergen kuti muchepetse kukhudzidwa kwanu. Mankhwala opatsirana pogonana angathandizenso anthu omwe aspirin akuwombera ndi chifukwa cha sinusitis.
Ndondomeko Zoyendetsedwa ndi Zapadera
Mitundu yowonjezereka, kukula kosazolowereka, minofu yambiri, ndi zolakwika zina zingathe kulepheretsa uchimo ndikuthandizira ku matenda opatsirana achikhalire ndi achikhalire. Izi kawirikawiri zimafuna opaleshoni kuti zithetse ndipo zingatheke ndi katswiri wa ENT.
Opaleshoni ya sinus imatha kuchitika ndi endoscope ndipo imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Kachipangizo kakang'ono kamakono kameneka kamadutsa m'mphuno mumphanga ndipo palibe chofunika. Kaŵirikaŵiri imachitidwa pamtunda, koma mukhoza kulandira anesthesia. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri mumatha kupita kunyumba tsiku lomwelo, muyenera kusamalidwa ndi munthu wina wamkulu kwa maola 24 ndipo simuyenera kuyendetsa galimoto.
Zowonjezera za adenoids kumbuyo kwa mmero zingachotsedwe ndi adenoidectomy, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitidwa opaleshoni ya tsiku ndipo imachitidwa pakamwa.
Ma Turbinates ndizomwe zimapangidwanso m'mitambo yomwe imawotha ndi kutonthoza mpweya umene mumapuma. Amatha kukulitsa ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi thumba la mpweya pakati pa turbinate yotchedwa concha bullosa. Matendawa angakonzedwe ndi opaleshoni ya endoscopic.
Mutha kukhala ndi septum yopotoka, chidutswa cha cartilage chimene chimagawaniza mphuno zanu, chifukwa cha vuto la kubadwa kapena kuvulala. Opaleshoni ya septoplasty imakonza vuto ili. Zina zolephereka kubereka (monga cleft palate) kapena kuvulazidwa kungafunikire kuwongolera opaleshoni ngati akupereka ku sinusitis.
Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala minofu yambiri yomwe imatha kuyamba chifukwa cha kutupa ndipo kenako imathandizira kuti zisawononge uchimo ndi sinusitis. Iwo akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni yotsiriza. Matenda opweteka kapena osabereka ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisawonongeke.
Matenda a fungal sinus angafunike opaleshoni ya sinus kuti athetse ngati fungal mpira kapena matenda oopsa a fungayi sangathe kuchotsedwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza okha. Kuchita opaleshoni kumatha kuyeretsa zakuthupi komanso zida zilizonse zowonongeka.
Mankhwala Ophatikiza (CAM)
Kuthira kwachisawawa ndi njira imodzi ya CAM yomwe yakhala yowonjezera ndipo ikulimbikitsidwa ndi ochiritsira ochiritsira akuluakulu omwe ali ndi sinusitis. Mankhwala ena a CAM angaperekedwenso, monga awa pansipa, koma palibe kufufuza kokwanira kokwanira kuti awalangize panthawiyi.
Bromelain ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezeka mu mananapples omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mmagulu owonjezera. Zimaphwanya mapuloteni ndipo zimakhulupirira kuti zimakhala zopweteka kwambiri m'matumbo ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi zotupa. The German Commission E (yofanana ndi dziko la FDA) imavomereza ntchito yake yochizira uchimo ndi kutupa kwa m'mimba. Anthu agwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa pachimake ndi sinusitis osatha, ndipo pakhala pali maphunziro ang'onoang'ono omwe amawonekera kuti asonyeze zotsatira zina.
Ambiri opanga mankhwala amakhulupirira kuti zokhudzana ndi zakudya zingachititse sinus kusokonezeka ndi sinusitis, ngakhale kuti izi sizimathandizidwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. Zomwe zimayambitsa mkaka, tirigu, malalanje, kapena shuga zimatchulidwa kuti zipangitse mapangidwe a ntchentche, ndipo ena angaganizire kuchotsa zakudya izi ku zakudya zawo kuti awone ngati zimathandiza.
Monga ndi njira ina iliyonse yothetsera vutoli, ndikofunika kukambirana kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kapena zina zomwe mungasankhe ndi mtsogoleri wanu woyamba. Kudzisamalira komanso kupewa kapena kuchepetsa kusamalidwa kosatha kungakhale ndi zotsatira zofunikira. Komanso, zowonjezereka sizingakhale zotetezeka kwa amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, ana, ndi omwe amamwa mankhwala omwe angayanjane nawo.
Zotsatira:
> Büttner Lm Achilles N, Böhm M, Shah-Hosseini K, Mösges R. Zogwira Mtima ndi Kulekerera kwa Bromelain kwa Odwala Amene Ali ndi Matenda a Rhinosinusitis. B-ENT . 2013: 9 (3): 217-25.
> Chow AW, Benninger MS, Brook I, ndi al. Dongosolo la Practice Clinical Practice for IDSA ya Acter Bacterial Rhinosinusitis mu Ana ndi Achikulire. Clin Infect Dis . 2012; 54 (8): e72-e12.
> Shaikh N, Wald ER. Otsitsimula, Antihistamines ndi ulimi wa Nasal kwa Acute Sinusitis mwa Ana. Dongosolo la Cochrane la Zosintha Zogwirizana . 2014. doi: 10.1002 / 14651858.cd007909.pub4.
> Kuchiza Chronic Sinusitis. Kudziwa za Health Online: Institute for Quality and Efficient Health Care. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072668/.
> Wald ER, Applegate KE, Bordley C, et al. Malangizo Othandizira Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito Zipatala Zomwe Akudziwiratu ndi Kulamulira kwa Acute Bacterial Sinusitis Kwa Ana Okalamba 1 mpaka 18 Zaka. Matenda . 2013; 132 (1): e262-80.