Kuyankhula za zomwe zimayambitsa hyperthyroidism kumafuna kukambirana za zowonjezera zambiri-Matenda a Graves, thyroiditis, goiter, ndi ena-kusiyana ndi chikhalidwe chokhalapo. Ngakhale pali chikhalidwe pakati pawo chifukwa chakuti onse amachititsa kuti chithokomiro chanu chikhale ndi mahomoni ambiri, momwe amachitira zimenezi zimasiyana. Zowonjezera zingapo zimatha kupezeka, koma zambiri sizomwe-ndikudziwitsanso kuti ndiyani amene ali muzu wa vuto lanu lomwe amafunikira kuyesedwa.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Zotsatira zitatu zomwe zimayambitsa chithokomiro chowonjezereka ndi Graves 'matenda , toxic nodular kapena multinodular goiter , ndi thyroiditis .
Matenda a Manda
Matenda a Manda, matenda osokoneza bongo, ndiwo omwe amachititsa anthu ambiri ku hyperthyroidism ku United States. Mu matenda a Graves, chitetezo cha mthupi cha munthu chimapanga ma antibodies omwe amamanga maselo a chithokomiro, zomwe zimawachititsa kuti apitirize kutulutsa mahomoni a chithokomiro.
Goiter Nodular kapena Multinodular Goiter
Goiter yotchedwa toxic nodular kapena multinodular goiter imakhala ndi mitsempha imodzi kapena yambiri ya chithokomiro kapena mitsempha yomwe imatulutsa mahomoni ambiri a chithokomiro. Nthawi zina izi zimatchulidwa kuti "zotsekemera zotentha," chifukwa zimatengera mafilimu pamayesero omveka bwino a iodine.
Thyroiditis
Chithokomiro chimatanthauza "kutupa kwa chithokomiro" ndipo ndilo bulangeti kwa matenda ambiri a chithokomiro opweteka.
Chitsanzo chimodzi chofala cha thyroiditis ndi postpartum thyroiditis, yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mkazi.
Azimayi ena amakhala ndi hyperthyroidism yokha, amatsatira kanthawi kochepa hypothyroidism, pamene akazi ena amapezeka ndi hyperthyroidism okha, komanso ena, hypothyroidism yokha.
Kuwonjezera pa nthawi ya postpartum, chithokomiro chingayambitsidwe ndi matenda (mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya omwe amawononga maselo a chithokomiro), mankhwala ena (mwachitsanzo, amiodarone, lithium, kapena interferon), kupwetekedwa mtima, poizoni, kapena kupanikizika kwakukulu.
Pomalizira pake, subacute thyroiditis (yotchedwanso de Quervain's thyroiditis) imayambitsa nthawi yambiri hyperthyroidism ikutsatiridwa ndi kanthawi kochepa (ngakhale nthawi zina) hypothyroidism. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha subacute thyroiditis ndi chakuti munthu adzakhala ndi vuto la chithokomiro.
Zifukwa Zina
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri hyperthyroidism imachokera pazimenezi, zifukwa zinanso zingaganizidwe:
Mankhwala-Amakhudza Hyperthyroidism
Kutenga mankhwala ambiri a chithokomiro -ngati mwadzidzidzi kapena mwadzidzidzi kudzipiritsa mankhwala-kungayambitse mankhwala omwe amachititsa mankhwalawa. Zina zowonjezera mphamvu, zakudya, ndi zowonjezera mavitamini zimakhalanso ndi mahomoni otchedwa thyroid, omwe angakupangitseni hyperthyroid.
Iodini
Kutenga kapena kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ayodini (mwachitsanzo, kutenga ayodini kapena zowonjezereka zophatikizapo ayodini ) zingayambitse hyperthyroidism.
Matenda a Temporary Hyperthyroidism mu Matenda a Hashimoto
Kawirikawiri anthu omwe ali ndi chithokomiro cha Hashimoto ndi hypothyroid, monga momwe maselo a munthu amatetezera ma chithokomiro. Nthawi zambiri, munthu akhoza kukhala hyperthyroid, asanakhale hypothyroid. Nthawi zina amatchedwa Hashitoxicosis.
Hyperthyroidism yochepa ya Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Hyperemesis gravidarum ndi matenda osadziwika omwe amatha kusuta ndi kusanza ndi kuwonongeka kwa 5 peresenti kapena kuposa pamene ali ndi pakati.
Azimayi ena omwe ali ndi hyperemesis gravidarum amakhala ndi hyperthyroidism, ngakhale kuti mahomoni a chithokomiro amangofika pang'onopang'ono.
Hyperthyroidism Yotetezeka
Gland wanu amatchedwa "master" gland, chifukwa imapanga mahomoni omwe amachititsa mitundu ina, ngati chithokomiro chanu, kuti amasule mahomoni ena.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya hyperthyroidism, yomwe imatchedwanso hyperthyroidism. Mtundu umodzi umayamba chifukwa cha chotupa cha mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kapena TSH (yotchedwa pituitary adenoma).
Ngakhale rarer ndi mtundu wophatikizapo kutengapo mbali kwa TSH ndi chifuwa cha pituitary chifukwa cha kusintha kwa geni komwe kumatulutsa kachilombo koyambitsa mahomoni.
Fetal-Neonatal Hyperthyroidism
Matenda a manda ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titenge mimba, ngakhale kuti sichizolowezi, zimachitika mwa amayi amodzi omwe ali ndi pakati pa 1500, malinga ndi American Thyroid Association.
Mwa amayiwa omwe ali ndi matenda a Graves (kapena mbiri ya matenda a Graves), pafupifupi 2 peresenti mpaka asanu mwa ana 100 aliwonse aang'ono amapanga fetal kapena neonatal hyperthyroidism, yomwe imadziwika ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwazi zimaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa thupi, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, kuchepa kwapang'ono, mutu wazing'ono, ndi kutsekemera kwa khate (goiter).
Genetics
Mankhwala amtunduwu amachititsa kuti mafupa a hyperthyroidism athandizidwe, monga umboni wakuti mafupa a Graves amasonkhana m'mabanja.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutenga zamoyo zina (kapena kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja yofunika kwambiri kwa Matenda a Manda kapena matenda ena omwe amatha kudzipha) zingapangitse munthu kukhala ndi chithokomiro choposa kuposa wina yemwe alibe majeremusi awo.
Izi zanena kuti asayansi sanayese bwino maubwenzi onsewa, kotero kuti kuyesa kwa chibadwa sikuchitika pa anthu omwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda a Graves.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti moyo kapena chilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, kusuta kapena kutenga mimba) n'kofunika kuti chiyambi cha matenda a chithokomiro chiyambike. Choncho munthu akhoza kunyamula majeremusi omwe amawapangitsa kukhala osatetezeka ku matenda a Graves, koma popanda chiwongolero, iwo samayambitsa.
Zowopsa Zowopsa
Kudziwa zinthu zomwe zingapangitse chiopsezo chanu cha hyperthyroidism kungakuthandizeni kuti mukambirane bwino ndi dokotala wanu, mwinamwake, kuti mumvetsetse zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe mukukumana nazo:
- Kukhala mkazi
- Kukhala ndi mbiri yaumwini kapena banja la matenda omwe amadzimva okha (mwachitsanzo, matenda a nyamakazi , matenda a lupus kapena celiac )
- Kukhala ndi mbiri yaumwini kapena banja la matenda a chithokomiro, kuphatikizapo mitsempha ya chithokomiro
- Kukhala posachedwa mimba
- Kusuta
- Kutenga mankhwala a ayodini kapena mankhwala omwe ali ndi ayodini (mwachitsanzo, amiodarone)
- Kukumana ndi kupsinjika kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro
- Kukhala wopanda Vitamin D ndi selenium
- Kukumana ndi mavuto a maganizo (mwachitsanzo, kusudzulana kapena kutayika kwa mnzanu)
> Zotsatira:
> Bahn RS et al. Hyperthyroidism ndi Zina Zimayambitsa Thyrotoxicosis: Malangizo Otsogolera a American Thyroid Association ndi American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Chitetezo cha Endocrine. 2011; 17 (No 3).
De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lance t 2016 Aug 27; 388 (10047): 906-18. (16)00278-6
> Marino M, Latrofa F, Menconi F, Chiovato L, Vitti P. Udindo wa zamoyo ndi zosawerengeka m'maganizo a Graves 'matenda. J Endocrinol Invest. 2015 Mar; 38 (3): 283-94.
> Ross DS. (2017). Matenda omwe amachititsa hyperthyroidism. Cooper DS, ed. Zaposachedwa. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.
> Smith TJ, Matenda a Hegedus L. Graves. N Engl J Med . 2016 Oct 20; 375 (16): 1552-65.