Chizindikiro cha BODE ndi chida chomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala kuti adziŵe kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha imfa (chiwerengero cha imfa) ku matenda osapatsirana am'thupi (COPD). Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zochokera kumagulu angapo a mapapu, bulu la BODE limalosera kuti munthu adzakhala ndi moyo wotalika bwanji atapezeka ndi COPD.
Mfundo 4 mu Index BODE
Zinthu zinayi zosiyana zimayesedwa ngati mbali ya ndondomeko ya BODE.
Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ndi chakuti zifukwa izi zingathe kufotokozera za kuwonetsa kwa COPD, koma zinawonjezeranso kuti maulosiwa ndi olondola. Makalata amaimira:
- B - BMI - BMI imaimira chiwerengero cha mthupi, chiwerengero chomwe chimafanizira kutalika kwa kulemera kwa thupi.
- O - Kutsekereza kwa ndege - Kutsekeka kwa ndege kumayesedwa poyesa FEV1 - kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene ukhoza kutuluka mwa mphindi imodzi pambuyo pa mpweya wabwino.
- D - Dyspnea - Dyspnea imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa kupuma kwa wina yemwe akukumana nawo pamene akukhala ndi COPD.
- E - Kulekerera - Kuyezetsa magazi kumatanthawuza momwe ena amachitira mayeso a maola 6.
Tiyeni tiyang'ane payekha njirazi, ndikuziyika pamodzi poyesa ndondomeko ya BODE.
B - Misa ya Mthupi
BMI ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimapangidwa poyerekeza kutalika kwa mamita ndi kulemera mu kilogalamu. Pali ziwerengero zogwiritsira ntchito BMI, komanso magome BMI ndi kuyerekezera momwe kuperewera kwambiri kapena kuperewera kwa thupi ndi munthu.
Ndi COPD, kukhala wochepa kwambiri thupi kapena kusowa zakudya m'thupi ndi chizindikiro chosavuta ponena za matenda.
O - Kuwonongedwa kwa Airway
FEV1 (voliyumu yothamanga kuchoka pa mphindi imodzi) ndiyeso ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene ukhoza kutulutsa mphamvu m'phindi imodzi. FVC imaimira mphamvu yolimbikitsidwa, yomwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya umene ukhoza kutha nthawi zonse pambuyo pa mpweya waukulu.
Chiŵerengero cha FEV1 / FVC , chimaimira chiŵerengero cha mpweya wonse umene ukhoza kutuluka mumphindi imodzi pa mpweya wonse umene ukhoza kutha. Kawirikawiri chiŵerengero chimenechi chiri pafupi 1, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti timatulutsa mpweya wambiri pa mphindi yoyamba ya mpweya. Ngati pali njira yothetsera kupititsa patsogolo kwa mpweya kapena kuteteza mpweya wothamanga mofulumira, chiŵerengero chikuchepa.
D - Dyspnea
Dyspnea ndilo liwu limene limatanthawuza kuwona kwa thupi kapweya kapena kupuma. Madokotala akhoza kusiyanitsa malinga ndi zomwe wina angafunike kuchita - momwe alili - asanathe kupuma. Poyamba, munthu akhoza kukhala wopuma ngati ayenda makilomita asanu. Pambuyo pake, mu COPD munthu akhoza kuona kupuma ndi kusuntha kuli konse. Chizindikiro cha dyspnea n'chosavuta ndi chiyero chotchedwa MRC Dyspnea Index . Muyeso uwu, kupuma kumayesedwa pa mlingo wa 0 mpaka 4:
- MMRC 0 - Wopuma ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
- MMRC 1 - Kuthamanga pang'ono pakufulumira pamtunda kapena kuyenda pamwamba pa phiri
- MMRC 2 - Kuthamanga pang'ono pamtunda ndikuyenera kuimitsa mwachindunji kupumula chifukwa cha kupuma (ndikuyenda mochedwa kuposa anthu ena a msinkhu wawo)
- MMRC 3 - Kupuma pang'ono ndikuyenera kuyima mutayenda pafupi mamita 100 kapena pambuyo pa mphindi zochepa (ngakhale mukuyendetsa payekha)
- MMRC 4 - Wopuma kwambiri kuchoka panyumba kapena kupuma pamene akuvala
E - Kuleza Mtima Kwambiri
Kuleza mtima kumatanthauza momwe munthu angathe kukhalira ndi zoletsedwa ndi matenda awo a m'mapapo. Mayeso otchedwa kuyesa kwa mphindi zisanu ndi chimodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze phindu la ndondomeko ya BODE.
Makhalidwe ndi Mapangidwe
Makhalidwe otsatirawa ndi omwe angapatsidwe kuti adziwe ndondomeko ya BODE. Onani kuti mapikidwe amatha kuchoka pa 0 mpaka 10 chiwerengero malinga ndi momwe awa akuwonjezera.
B - Mitengo ya Misa ya Thupi
- 0 mfundo za BMI zoposa 21
- 1 mfundo ya BMI zosakwana 21
O - Makhalidwe Osokoneza Pandege
- 0 mfundo za FEV1 zoposa 64%
- 1 mfundo ya FEV1 ya 50-64%
- 2 mfundo za FEV1 ya 36-49%
- 3 mfundo za FEV1 zosakwana 36%
D - Dyspnea Makhalidwe
- 0 mfundo za dyspnea index ya 0-1
- Ndemanga imodzi ya ndondomeko ya dyspnea ya 2
- 2 ndemanga ya dyspnea index ya 3
- Zolemba 3 za ndondomeko ya dyspnea ya 4-5
E - Kulimbitsa Mchitidwe Wopirira
- 0 malo ngati mungayende mamita 349
- Ndemanga imodzi ngati mutha kuyenda 250-249 mamita
- Ndemanga 2 ngati mutha kuyenda 150-249 mamita
- Zolemba 3 ngati mutha kuyenda mamita 150 kapena pang'ono
| Zosintha | Zithunzi pa Index BODE | |||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| FEV1 (% adaneneratu) | ≥65 | 50-64 | 36-49 | ≤35 |
| Mayendedwe a kuyenda kwa 6-Mphindi (mamita) | ≥350 | 250-349 | 150-249 | ≤149 |
| MMRC Dyspnea Scale | 0-1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Thupi la Misa | > 21 | ≤21 | ||
Kulosera za Imfa
Pambuyo popeza ndondomeko ya BODE, imfa imatha kunenedweratu. Chonde dziwani kuti pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zingakhudze anthu omwe ali ndi COPD, ndipo mayesowa sali angwiro. Wina yemwe ali ndi mpikisano wokwera kwambiri angathe kukhala ndi moyo kwa zaka makumi ambiri ndipo wina amene ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa akhoza kudutsa mawa. Mayesero ngati amenewa ndi abwino kupanga maulosi ambiri ndikuyesa kufufuza ziwerengero, koma sikuti amapereka chidziwitso kwa anthu payekha.
Zopulumuka
Zomwe zili pafupi zaka 4 zapulumuka zikuwerengedwa monga:
- 0-2 mfundo - 80%
- 3-4 mfundo - 67%
- Mfundo 5-6 - 57%
- Mfundo 7-10 - 18%
Moyo Wopitirira
Ndondomeko ya BODE ndiyeso yeniyeni koma kupulumuka kumasinthasintha poyankhula za anthu payekha. Phunzirani za zifukwa zina zomwe zimakhudza kuyembekezera kwa COPD pamodzi ndi zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mwayi wopulumuka. Ngati matenda anu akukulirakulira, mungafune kuti mudziwe zomwe mungayembekezere ndi COPD .
ZOYENERA: Mndandanda wa BODE ukuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida, kuti mudziwe zambiri. Sayenera kutsata malangizo a katswiri wa zaumoyo.
Zotsatira:
Andrianopoulos, V., Wouters, E., Pinto-Plata, V. et al. Kukula kwa Zosintha Zosinthidwa Kuchokera ku Mphindi 6-Kuyesa Kuyenda kwa Odwala Ndi COPD: Zotsatira Zokambirana Phunziro la ECLIPSE. Mankhwala Opuma . 2015. 109 (9): 1138-46.
Celli, B., Cote, C., Lareau, S., ndi P. Meek. Zotsutsa za Kupulumuka ku COPD: Sizongokhala chabe FEV1. Mankhwala Opuma . 2008. 102 Suppl 1: S27-35.
de Torres, J., Casanova, C., Marin, J. et al. Kuzindikira kwa Odwala a COPD Odwala: GOLD 2011 Potsutsa BODE ndi COPD Comorbidity Index COTE. Nthano . 2014. 69 (9): 799-804.
Gokdeniz, T., Kalaycioglu, E., Boyaci, F. et al. Index BODE, A Multidimensional Grading System, Imasonyeza Kuwonongeka kwa Ntchito Yabwino Kwambiri kwa Odwala Amene Ali ndi Matenda Ochepetsa Matenda Opaleshoni: Phunziro Lotsata Kufufuza. Kupuma . 2014. 88 (3): 223-33.