Kupuma kumakhala kovuta pamene mapapu anu amagwira ntchito zochepa
Matenda otsiriza omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire (COPD) amatanthauza kukhala m'magulu omaliza a matendawa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi mpweya wochepa ngakhale pamene akupumulira ndipo ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mapapu ndi kulephera kwa kupuma. Anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsa mawu oti "mapeto-siteji" ndi imfa yoyandikira kapena kulemala kwakukulu komwe kumatsogolera ku imfa.
Koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse.
Tanthauzo
Mwakutanthauzira, "mapeto" amatanthauza "gawo lomaliza mu matenda opitirira." Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mawuwa akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wodwalayo pamene opereka chithandizo chamankhwala akuganiza kuti achita zonse zomwe angathe kuchita mankhwala kwa wodwala. Koma nthawi zambiri nthawi zina amatha kuthandiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo ( COPD ). Zingatanthauze kuti zolinga za chisamaliro zasintha, kuchokera kuchiza matenda kuti atonthoze.
Malingana ndi Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), pali magawo anayi a COPD :
- Gawo I: Wofatsa COPD. Ntchito yamangidwe ikuyamba kuchepa koma simungazindikire.
- Gawo Lachiwiri: Wachiwerengero cha COPD. Zizindikiro zikupita, ndi kupuma pang'ono kumayamba pakuyesera.
- Gawo lachitatu: Wopambana COPD. Mpweya wochepa umakhala woipira ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa COPD kuli kofala.
- Gawo lachinayi: Wopambana kwambiri COPD. Umoyo wa moyo uli wovuta kwambiri. Kuchulukitsa kwa COPD kungakhale kuopseza moyo.
Gawo lirilonse limafotokozedwa molingana ndi spirometry chiwerengero cha FEV1 (mpweya wa mpweya unapuma mphindi yoyamba pambuyo pa kutuluka mokakamizidwa). Gawo lomaliza COPD ndi siteji yoyamba kapena COPD Yopambana kwambiri.
Ngakhale ena ali m'dera lino ali odwala kwambiri, pali ena amene sali. Gulu lomwe mumagwirizanamo likugwirizana ndi zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimakhudza nthawi ya moyo wa COPD kuphatikizapo mbiri yanu yosuta fodya, mlingo wa dyspnea (kupuma pang'ono), msinkhu wa thupi, ndi zakudya.
Anthu ena omwe ali mu stage IV akuthabe kugwira ntchito bwino ndi zochepa zochepa. Koma, palinso anthu ambiri pa siteji iyi omwe amadwala kwambiri.
Chithandizo
Ngakhale opaleshoni yotsegulira ikhoza kukhala njira (mwachitsanzo, bullectomy, mapapu operekera kuchepetsa kuchepa, kapena kupatsirana mapapo), zikhoza kupindula ochepa chabe odwala COPD.
Kwa ena, pamene matenda awo akuwonjezereka, cholinga cha chithandizo chimayamba kuchoka pa kutalikitsa moyo ndikupereka chisamaliro chothandizira kuthetsa zizindikiro za COPD .
Ndipotu, ngati mukudziŵa kuti COPD yatha, dokotala wanu angapereke mankhwala otsatirawa:
- Zojambulajambula: Zonsezi zomwe zimakhala zochepa komanso zochitika nthawi yayitali zimalimbikitsa ngati mpweya wosachepera pa nthawi zonse sichimasulidwa ndi anthu omwe amachititsa kanthawi kochepa.
- Opiates: Morphine, makamaka, akhoza kusintha mpweya wochepa. Komabe, kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa ndipo zimapindulitsa owerengeka okhawo odwala.
- Kuyika mkati mwa glucocorticoids: Izi zikhoza kuperekedwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi FEV1 osachepera 50 peresenti ya mtengo wodzineneratu ndi mbiri ya mobwerezabwereza kuwonjezeka kwa COPD .
- Owonjezera mpweya: Oxygen imachepetsa kupuma kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha ntchito komanso kumapangitsa kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi odwala odwala okosijeni otsika.
- NippV: Noninvasive mpweya wabwino (NIPPV): Wopanda mpweya wabwino sungathe kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide ndikusintha mpweya wochepa mwa odwala ena, koma sikuti nthawi zonse akulimbikitsidwa.
- Kukonzekera kwazitsulo: Izi zatsimikiziridwa kuti zithandize odwala COPD pazigawo zonse za matendawa.
- Uphungu wa zakudya: Izi zikhoza kuwonedwa chifukwa vuto la kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi ndilo vuto lalikulu pamapeto a COPD ndipo limawonjezera chiopsezo cha imfa.
- Kuthandizira maganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu: Izi ndizofunika kwambiri pa chithandizo chifukwa odwala ambiri samakambirana nkhani za mapeto ndi madokotala awo.
- Njira zothandizira: Njira zowonongeka ndi zowoneka bwino, mankhwala ochiritsira, komanso mankhwala opangidwa ndi zipangizo zamoyo, CD, kapena wailesi ingathandize kuthetsa zizindikiro monga kupuma pang'ono.
Nkhani Zotsiriza
Ngati mumakhulupirira kuti imfa ya wokondedwa ikuyandikira chifukwa cha COPD, ndi nthawi yothetsera mavuto awo omaliza. Komabe, izi zingakhale zovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa matenda osokoneza bongo.
Pofuna kumvetsa nkhaniyi, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mosasamala kanthu za kuyanjana kwa COPD ndi kudwala kwakukulu ndi kufa msanga, odwala a COPD adzalandira chisamaliro chokwanira chakumapeto. Pazifukwa izi, inu ndi banja lanu mungafunike kulingalira ndikulembera thandizo la chipatala kuti akutsogolereni nthawi ino.
Kusamala kwa chidziwitso ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa mapeto a chisamaliro cha moyo chifukwa zizindikiro za COPD zimakhala zovuta m'masiku otsiriza-makamaka, dyspnea ndi chifuwa , kupweteka, nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo, chisokonezo, anorexia, ndi chachexia .
Zonsezi, kutha kwa moyo wa munthu kungakhale nthawi yosinkhasinkha kwambiri kwa wodwala ndi banja. Ikhoza kukhala nthawi yachisoni chachikulu. Kumbukirani kuti manja ophweka monga kugwira dzanja la wokondedwa wanu ndi kukhalapo angapereke chitonthozo chachikulu.
Kuthetsa Mapeto Otsiriza COPD
Ngati matendawa sanafikepo, pali kusintha kwambiri kwa moyo komwe munthu angaphatikizepo moyo kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino .
- Kusiya Kusuta: Kusuta fodya kumakhalabe chinthu chofunika kwambiri, chosawonongeka kwambiri choteteza ndi kuchiza COPD. Ngati cholinga chanu ndikumverera bwino, kuchepetsa matendawa, ndi kukhala ndi moyo wautali, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyesa ndudu imodzi kamodzi.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Kuphatikiza pa kusiya kusuta fodya, ngati mutasintha moyo wanu umodzi mutatha kusintha matenda a COPD omwe adzakhudza kwambiri moyo wanu, ganizirani pulogalamu ya tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Idyani thanzi: Chakudya chabwino chiyenera kukhala maziko omwe mungayambe ulendo wanu pambuyo pa matenda a COPD, kapena ngati mwapezekapo kwa zaka ndikufuna kusintha moyo wanu kuti muthe kukhala bwino. Ndi gawo lofunikira pa pulogalamu iliyonse yothandizira matenda ndipo amapereka iwo omwe ali ndi COPD mphamvu zofunikira kuti apume ndi kumenyana ndi matenda.
- Khalani Wokhazikika: Winawake adanena kuti moyo ndi 10 peresenti zomwe zimakuchitikirani ndi 90 peresenti zomwe mumachita nazo. Kukhala wosangalala pakati pa matenda aakulu matenda ndi kovuta, koma sizosatheka. Zonse zokhudzana ndi kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano zothana ndi vutoli zomwe zidzakhudza moyo wanu.
Mawu Ochokera
Kumvetsa kumapeto kwa gawo la COPD ndi zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze kupita kumayambiriro ndi kuyamba kudziyang'ana nokha pagalasi ndikudzifunsanso funso limodzi lokha: "Kodi ndiliyenera?" Munthu amene amayang'ana kumbuyo akuyembekeza kusekerera ndikuyankha, "inde."
Zotsatira:
> Ambrosino N, Gherardi M, Carpenè N. Mapeto Otha Kugonjetsa Matenda Opatsirana. Pneumonol Alergol Pol. 2009; 77 (2): 173-9.
> Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustí AG, et al. Mchitidwe Wadziko Lonse Wofufuza, Kuteteza, ndi Kupewa Matenda Ovutitsa Katundu. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine . 2013; 187 (4): 347-365. lembani: 10.1164 / rccm.201204-0596pp.