Kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire (COPD) ndikupeza kuti posachedwapa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa kayendedwe ka COPD. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo mpweya wochepa, kupuma, chifuwa, kutopa, kupanga phlegm, ndi matenda opuma kupuma, omwe angakhale ochepa kwambiri, malinga ndi siteji ya matenda. Ngakhale kuti COPD imawongolera pang'onopang'ono, kawirikawiri zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamene zizindikiro zimakhala zovuta kwa nthawi. Kuzindikira mwamsanga kuti zizindikiro zowonjezereka zomwe zingasonyeze kuti kuchuluka kwa COPD kungathandizenso zotsatira za matendawa.
Zizindikiro Zowonjezereka
Zizindikiro zozindikirika za COPD nthawi zambiri siziwonekera mpaka matendawa apitirira ndipo mwakhala mukuchitapo kanthu kuwonongeka kwa mapapo. Anthu omwe amawapeza ndi kuyamba matenda a COPD kale m'kati mwa matendawa akhoza kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi chabwino, kotero ngati zizindikiro zina za COPD zimamveka bwino, funsani ogwira ntchito zaumoyo kuti mupitirize kuwunika.
Kutentha Kwambiri
Kupuma pang'ono (dyspnea) ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha COPD ndipo kawirikawiri chizindikiro choyamba chikuwoneka. Kupuma pang'ono chifukwa cha matenda kungathe kufotokozedwa m'njira zambiri, koma anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi COPD amafotokoza dyspnea ngati kumva ngati kupuma kapena kupuma. Anthu ena amalongosola zowawa monga "njala ya mlengalenga."
Poyamba, mungathe kuwona dyspnea mukamachita khama. Komabe, pamene matendawa akupita, dyspnea ikhoza kuchitika ngakhale pamene mukupumula. Chida chodziwika kuti MMRC dyspnea scale chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza kuthandizira zizindikiro izi kuti inu ndi dokotala wanu musankhe njira zabwino zothandizira ngati muli ndi COPD.
Monga chizindikiro, dyspnea ndizochititsa kuti COPD ikhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri. Mwamwayi, pali kupuma kokwanira , komanso malingaliro a zakudya , zomwe zingakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi dyspnea.
Chida Chokhalitsa
Chifuwa chachikulu mu COPD ndi chimodzi chomwe chimakhalapo nthawi yaitali ndipo sichikuwoneka ngati chikuchoka. Mwachikhalidwe, amatchulidwa ngati chifuwa chimene chimatha kwa nthawi yosachepera masabata asanu ndi atatu. Ngakhale chifuwa chachikulu chikufala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD, palinso zifukwa zina zambiri za chifuwa chopitirira , komanso ndikofunika kutsimikizira kuti zifukwa zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimachotsedwa kunja.
Chifuwa chachikulu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro choyamba cha matendawa koma ndi chimodzi chimene chimanyalanyaza chifukwa anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kusuta fodya ( chifuwa cha fodya ,) chifuwa chachikulu, kapena zovuta zina zachilengedwe.
Chifuwa ndi COPD chingakhale chouma (chosapindulitsa) kapena kubala ntchentche. Ndi mitundu ina ya COPD, monga matenda a bronchitis , chifuwa chimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo chimagwirizanitsa ndi kupanga ntchentche. Poyamba, chifuwa chingakhale chamkati, koma ngati matendawa akupita, zikhoza kukhalapo tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kupanga (Phlegm) Kupanga
Mphungu , yomwe imatchedwanso ntchentche kapena phlegm, ndi mankhwala oteteza mapapu anu kuti athandizidwe ndi kuchotsa mitundu yazinthu zakunja. Mbalama imadziwika ndi maselo omwe amayendera mlengalenga ( bronchi ndi bronchioles ) ndipo amathamangitsidwa ndi kukokera kapena kuchotsa mmero.
Anthu omwe ali ndi COPD kawirikawiri amabereka kachilombo kochepa pamene akufufuzika. Zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchentche zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwapangidwe ndi maselo a pamsewu (maselo otsekemera) komanso kuchepa kuthetsa ntchentche chifukwa cha kuipa kwa cilia. Zinthu zomwe zimagwidwa mumphuno kuti zimezedwe.
Matenda ambirimbiri otupa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a bakiteriya m'mapapo , omwe angapangitse zizindikiro za COPD . Mtundu ndi kusasinthasintha kwa mimba zimasintha pamene matenda a bakiteriya alipo.
Kupuma
Kugunda kumatchulidwa kawirikawiri ngati kulira kwa malipoti pakamwa pofuula komanso / kapena kutuluka. Zimayambitsidwa ndi kutsekedwa kapena kutseka kwa airways. Kuwombera kungapangitse kapena kusaperekedwe ndi phokoso losazolowereka lomwe limamveka ndi stethoscope.
Chifuwa Cholimba
Kukhazikika m'chifuwa kungakupangitseni kuti muzimva kupanikizika mkati mwa makoma omwe amapangitsa kupuma mosavuta. Chifuwa cha chifuwa chingakhalepo pamene pali matenda m'mapapu anu ndipo akhoza kupweteka kwambiri ( kupweteka kwa chifuwa cha phokoso ), kuchititsa kupuma kukhala kochepa komanso kosakwanira.
Matenda Omwe Amachiza Kutentha
Chizindikiro china chofala cha COPD nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chimfine, chimfine, ndi / kapena chibayo. COPD imakuchititsani kuti mukhale ndi matendawa chifukwa simungathe kuchotsa mapapo anu bwino.
Kutopa
Kutopa kwokhudzana ndi COPD ndi kosiyana ndi kutopa kwamba. Izi zodziwika bwino komanso zosazindikiritsa chizindikiro cha COPD ndizo zomwe sizikugwirizana bwino ndi kapu kapenanso kugona kwabwino usiku. Zonsezi, kutopa kumakhala kofala katatu kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo kusiyana ndi omwe alibe. Ngakhale dyspnea ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD, kutopa kungakhale chimodzi chokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Zoposa zokhumudwitsa, komabe, chifukwa kutopa kokhala ndi COPD kumawonjezera ngozi ya hospitalizations.
Zizindikiro Zoopsa
Pali zizindikiro zomwe zingachitike kawirikawiri pamene COPD yanu ili yovuta kapena muli m'kupita kwa nthawi kwa matendawa.
Kuchepetsa Kunenepa ndi Kutaya Zakudya
Ngakhale kupindula kulemera kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kumayambiriro kwa COPD chifukwa simukugwira ntchito mwamsanga, kutaya chilakolako chanu ndi kulemera kwa thupi ndizovuta kumayambiriro a matendawa.
Ngati simunayambe kutero, zizindikirozi zingayambitse vuto la kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi , vuto lalikulu lomwe lingakhalenso loopsya. Kuwonongeka kwa njala ndi kusala pang'ono mwadzidzidzi ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimafunikanso kufufuza, monga momwe zingasonyezere kuti matenda ena alipo, monga khansara yamapapo kapena chifuwa cha TB . COPD ndizoopsa zomwe zimachititsa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo iwonongeke , kutanthauza kuti imabweretsa chiopsezo ngakhale mutasuta.
Zakudya zabwino ndi zofunika kwa aliyense, koma ndi zofunika makamaka ngati muli ndi COPD. Ambiri a pulmonologist tsopano akulangiza uphungu wothandizira odwala awo a COPD, kotero ngati dokotala wanu sanakulimbikitseni, mungafune kuitanitsa.
Muscle Atrophy
Cachexia ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimaphatikizapo kulemera kwa thupi ndi kupweteka kwa minofu ndipo ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ambiri.
Kutupa
Mutha kuvulala m'milingo, kumagulu, ndi / kapena mapazi pamene matendawa akufalikira kapena ngati COPD yanu ili yovuta.
Mavuto
Zovuta zambiri zingatheke chifukwa cha COPD. Kudziwa izo kungakuthandizeni kukhalabe pamwamba pa zizindikiro zanu ndi kupeza chithandizo mwamsanga ngati zikuchitika.
Kuchulukitsa matenda opatsirana
Kukhala ndi COPD kumakupangitsani kukhala odwala matenda opuma ngati chimfine, chimfine, kapena chibayo. Izi zikhoza kukhala zoopsa ngati muli ndi COPD chifukwa matendawa akhoza kuwononga mapapu anu. Ndikofunika kuti chiwopsezo chanu chiwombere chaka chilichonse ndi kukambirana ndi dokotala wanu za katemera wa pneumococcal komanso kuthandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha matenda omwe mukukumana nawo.
Nkhawa ndi Kuvutika Maganizo
Maganizo a COPD , makamaka nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo, amanyalanyazidwa. Zizindikiro izi ndizofunikira osati chifukwa cha zotsatira zake pa umoyo wanu, koma chifukwa zimachulukitsa chiopsezo cha kuchuluka kwa COPD ndi malo osauka ambiri.
Kuwopsya kumakhalanso kofala pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ndipo amatha kuwombera mwakuya komanso kupuma pang'ono. Phunzirani za njira zina zothetsera masoka achiopsezo ku COPD ngakhale mutakhala ndi mantha aakulu.
Mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena omwe sali mankhwala amapezeka omwe angathandize kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo komwe kulipo ndi COPD, nthawi zina. Ngati mukuvutika ndi nkhawa kapena kupanikizika, kapena onse awiri, kapena mukuwona zotsatira zina za matenda anu, lankhulani ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu za momwe mungasankhire mankhwala.
Matenda a Mtima
Kukhala ndi COPD kungapangitse chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda a mtima. Kusuta kungakhale chinthu chothandizira izi, kotero kuchoka kungathandize.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi
Kuthamanga kwa magazi mu mitsempha m'mapapu anu, wotchedwa pulmonary hypertension, ndi vuto lofala la COPD, makamaka pamayendedwe apamwamba a matendawa. Zizindikirozo zimakhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro za COPD ndipo kawirikawiri zimapezeka ndi mafano ndi / kapena mayesero a labu.
Khansa Yam'mimba
Kukhala ndi COPD kukutanthauza kuti chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chapamwamba. Ngati musiya kusuta, izi zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu.
Nthawi yopita kuchipatala
Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi COPD, muyenera kupanga msonkhano ndi wothandizira zaumoyo mwamsanga kuti mukambirane za zizindikiro zanu. Iye akhoza kutulutsa kapena kupeza COPD ndipo mukhoza kuyamba ndi mankhwala.
Muyenera kupeza chithandizo chamwadzidzidzi ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi:
- Mabedi a zipilala zanu kapena milomo yanu imakhala buluu kapena imvi, yotchedwa cyanosis, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mlingo wa oksijeni m'magazi anu ndi wotsika.
- Simungapeze mpweya wanu kapena mukuvutika kulankhula.
- Simukukumana ndi maso, makamaka ngati ena akuzindikira.
- Mtima wanu ukugunda mofulumira.
> Zotsatira:
> Han MK, Dransfield MT, Martinez FJ. Matenda Ovuta Kulimbana ndi Matenda Okhudzana ndi Matenda: Tanthawuzo, Mawonetseredwe Achipatala, Kuzindikiritsa, ndi Kukhazikitsa. Zaposachedwa. Idasinthidwa pa January 11, 2018.
Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Hauser SL. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati . New York: McGraw Hill Maphunziro; 2015.
> Chipatala cha Mayo. COPD: Zizindikiro ndi Zimayambitsa. Ophunzira a Mayo Clinic. Idasinthidwa pa August 11, 2017.
> Miravitilles M, Ribera A. Kumvetsetsa Zotsatira za Zizindikiro pa Katundu wa COPD. Kafukufuku Wopuma . 2017; 18 (1): 67. lembani: 10.1186 / s12931-017-0548-3.
> National Heart, Lung, ndi Blood Institute. COPD. National Institute of Health. Undondomeko wa Umoyo wa Anthu ku US.