COPD ndi Zowopsa, Zizindikiro, ndi Chithandizo cha Khansa ya M'mimba
Ngati muli ndi COPD, mwinamwake mwamvapo kuti COPD ndi "chiopsezo chodziimira" kwa khansara yamapapo. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Kodi COPD ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ikugwirizana bwanji?
Mwachidule
Tikudziwa kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa COPD ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipotu, chifukwa chachikulu cha matendawa ndi kusuta. Komabe, zomwe anthu ambiri sakudziwa ndizakuti kugwirizana pakati pa COPD ndi kansa ya m'mapapo sikungowonjezereka chifukwa cha kusuta .
Osuta fodya omwe ali ndi COPD ali ndi mwayi wambiri wokhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi osuta fodya opanda COPD. Anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ndi utsi amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chokhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo kuposa anthu omwe amasuta mofanana koma alibe COPD. Ndipotu, pakati pa anthu omwe amasuta, COPD ndizoopsa kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo.
Kuwonjezera pa COPD kukhala chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, palinso zina zambiri zofunika (onse omwe ali ndi COPD ndi omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo.) Kukhala ndi COPD kungachititse kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira zizindikiro za khansara yamapapo, choncho kuchepetsa matenda. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tikudziwa kuti zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yabwino kuposa kale. Akapezeka kuti ali ndi khansara yamapapu, COPD ikhozanso kusokoneza njira zothandizira khansa. Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani ngati muli ndi COPD, kansa ya m'mapapo, kapena onse awiri?
Kodi COPD N'chiyani?
Musanapite patsogolo, nkofunika kufotokoza tanthauzo la matenda osokoneza bongo kapena COPD.
COPD ndi gulu la matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kulepheretsa mpweya m'mapapo. Mosiyana ndi kusokonezeka kwa mpweya womwe ukutembenuzidwa (monga ndi mphumu) kubwezeretsedwa kwa COPD sikunasinthidwe kwathunthu ndi chithandizo. Kuonjezera apo, matendawa amakhala opitilirapo (amawonjezereka) pa nthawi.
Ngakhale kuti mawu akuti COPD amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza pofotokoza kuphatikiza kwa emphysema ndi matenda a bronchitis, matenda omwe amatchedwa COPD ndi awa:
- Emphysema -Emphysema ndi matenda aakulu a mapapu omwe amadziwika ndi kuwonongeka kwa alveoli , timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta mpweya kumapeto kwa mpweya womwe umapezeka kuti kusintha kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide kumachitika. Kutaya kwa elasticity ya alveoli kumapangitsa kuti mlengalenga alowe m'kati mwa alveoli. Izi, zimayambitsa alveoli kuti iwonjezeke ndi kuphulika, kuwonongera kuwonongeka ndi kupweteka.
- Matenda otchedwa bronchitis -Cronic bronchitis ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimadziwika ndi kutupa ndi kuphulika kwa ndege. Kutupa uku kumabweretsa kuphulika komwe kukuphatikizana mumlengalenga, kuthamanga mlengalenga ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachititsa matenda opatsirana.
- Bronchiectasis-Chikhalidwe chomwe chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda opatsirana mobwerezabwereza mu ubwana, bronchiectasis amachititsa kukula ndi kuphulika kwa ndege.
COPD-Njira Yowononga Ngozi ya Khansa Yam'mimba
Monga tanenera poyamba, COPD sichifukwa chothetsera khansa ya m'mapapo, koma ndicho chiwopsezo chachikulu. Kukhala "chiopsezo" chotenga chiopsezo kumatanthauza kuti chinachake chikhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo yokha-yonse yokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati anthu awiri sanasute fodya ndipo wina ali ndi COPD, yemwe ali ndi COPD akhoza kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi amene alibe COPD.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati anthu awiri akusuta ndudu imodzimodzi ya fodya kwa zaka zomwezo, yemwe ali ndi COPD amakhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi amene alibe COPD.
Pali zopitilira khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zapeza kuti COPD ikhale yoopsa payekha ya khansa ya m'mapapo, ngakhale kuti chiwopsezo cha chiopsezo chimafanizira pang'ono ndipo chiwerengero cha chiwopsezo chawonjezeka kawiri kuwonjezeka kwa chiwonongeko cha 10, Mwachiwonongeko, zikuwoneka kuti COPD imadzetsa chiopsezo cha COPD 2-pang "ono mpaka 4 patsiku mpaka osuta fodya komanso osuta fodya, ndi zina zambiri mwa osuta fodya.
Masamba ndi Frequency
Poyang'ana pa ziwerengero za khansa ya COPD ndi mapapu ndikofunika kuti muzindikire momwe matendawa aliri ku United States.
Khansa ndiyo yachiwiri yowononga imfa ku US (matenda a mtima) ndi khansara yamapapo ndi nambala imodzi yomwe imayambitsa imfa yokhudza khansa kwa amuna ndi akazi. COPD tsopano ikuonedwa kuti ndiyo yachitatu kapena yachinayi yomwe imayambitsa imfa ku US Pafupifupi anthu 11 miliyoni a ku America apeza kuti ali ndi COPD ndipo akuganiza kuti anthu ambiri a ku America akukhala ndi COPD omwe sanapezepo. Izi zimasintha kwa asanu ndi atatu kapena khumi peresenti ya anthu okhala ndi digirii ya COPD ndi chiwerengero chimenecho chikukwera mpaka khumi mpaka makumi awiri peresenti ya osuta.
Kafukufuku amasiyana pa nambala yeniyeni, koma amaganiza kuti 40 mpaka 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ali ndi COPD. Sikuti anthu onsewa atha kulandira matenda a COPD, koma mayesero a pulmonary ntchito amasonyeza umboni wa COPD mwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo. Pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD, pafupifupi 1 peresenti idzayamba khansa ya m'mapapo chaka chilichonse.
Kukula kwa Matenda
Tikudziwa kuti COPD imachulukitsa chiopsezo cha khansara yamapapo ngakhale kusuta, koma izi zimachitika bwanji? Pali ziphunzitso zambiri.
Nthano imodzi ndi yakuti pali ziwalo zomwe zimakhala zofala kwa khansa ya COPD ndi khansa. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pali chiopsezo cha chibadwa chomwe chimapangitsa anthu ena kukhala ndi matendawa. Chitsanzo chimodzi, choloŵa choloŵa cha alpha-1-antitrypsin chosowa chimapangitsa onse kuopsa kwa COPD ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, koma zikutheka kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zomwe zimayesedwa.
Nthano ina ndi yakuti kuwonongedwa kwa cilia kumayendedwe ka COPD kumawonjezereka kuwonjezeka kwa njira zowonongeka ndi khansa ( carcinogens ). Cilia ndizitsulo zazing'ono zomwe zimapanga poizoni njira yopita ku airways. Izi cilia zimagwiritsa ntchito kayendetsedwe ka mawonekedwe a phokoso kuti apange tinthu tating'onoting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timachokera m'mlengalenga komwe ingathe kumeza. Mankhwala ambiri mumsaka wa utsi ndi kusokoneza cilia. Mwa kupitirizabe kuyenda mumlengalenga, maginitowa amatha kukhala ndi ufulu wosintha zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maselo a m'mapapu akhale ndi khansa (mwachitsanzo, poyambitsa mapuloteni kapena kupondereza tizilombo toyambitsa khansa .)
Komabe nthano ina ndi yakuti kutupa kosatha mumlengalenga mofanana ndi COPD kungayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo. Tikudziwa kuti kutupa kosatha nthawi zina kumayambitsa khansa, mwachitsanzo, ndi khansa yowopsya komanso khansara ya chiberekero.
Zizindikiro
Kupeza khansa ya m'mapapo kumayambiriro koyamba kungawonjezere kwambiri kupulumuka, koma mpaka titayesa kuyezetsa kuyesa kwa aliyense, nthawi zambiri timayenera kudalira zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya m'mapapo .
Vuto ndilokuti zizindikiro zambiri za khansa yamapapo ndizo "zachilendo" zizindikiro pakati pa anthu okhala ndi COPD. Mwachitsanzo, matenda onsewa amachititsa chifuwa chosatha , kupuma kwafupipafupi , matenda opatsirana mobwerezabwereza, komanso kuwonongeka kwa thupi.
Mtundu wa khansa wamapapu wowonjezereka lerolino ukhoza kupangitsa kusiyana kumeneku kukhala kovuta kwambiri. M'mbuyomu, squamous cell carcinoma m'mapapo ndi khansa yaing'ono yamapapo ya m'mapapo inali yowonjezereka. Mankhwalawa amayamba kukula pafupi ndi mpweya waukulu wa m'mapapo ndipo amachititsa kuti zizindikiro monga kukhwimitsa magazi (zomwe sizodziwika ndi COPD).
Mosiyana ndi mtundu wa khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imapezeka lero ndi mapapu adenocarcinoma . Mankhwalawa amayamba kukula m'mapapo, ndipo motero, kupuma kwapang'onopang'ono kumakhala kocheperachepera, kawirikawiri ndi ntchito yoyamba, nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba. Dyspnea iyi (kumverera kwa mpweya wochepa) womwe umapezeka ndi COPD ikhoza kuwonekera mofanana kwambiri ndi mpweya wochepa umene ukhoza kufalitsa khansa yamapapo.
Chithandizo
Sikuti COPD imawoneka ngati chiopsezo cha COPD (ndipo zimapangitsa kuti matendawa akhale ovuta) koma kuchiza khansa yamapapo kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi COPD sangathe kulekerera chithandizo monga opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo kapena mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angapse mphamvu.
Kumbukirani kuti mankhwala, ngakhale opaleshoni, komabe, n'zotheka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD yofatsa kapena yochepa. Ngati muli ndi COPD ndipo mukupezeka ndi khansara yamapapu, onetsetsani kuti mukupeza dokotala yemwe angagwire ntchito ndi COPD yanu kuti awonetse khansa yanu yamapapu. Mungaganize izi ngati zofanana ndi anthu achikulire omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo . Kawirikawiri amaganiza kuti okalamba sangathe kulekerera kudwala kwa khansa. Komabe, kafukufuku akupeza kuti anthu okalamba, makamaka omwe ali ndi machitidwe abwino, amatanthauza kuti angathe kukhala ndi moyo, osati kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi koma kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi akamapatsidwa khansa yawo.
Zimene mungachite Ngati muli ndi COPD
Ngati muli ndi COPD, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za chiopsezo cha khansa yamapapo. Pezani ngati mukuyenera kufufuzidwa, komanso kuti muzindikire zizindikiro za matendawa. Samalani thanzi lanu, osati kuchepetsa zifukwa zilizonse zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa khansa ya m'mapapo koma kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi matendawa.
Kafukufuku wa January 2017 anapeza kuti chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala a corticosteroids chingakhale ndi chitetezo chotsutsana ndi chitukuko cha kansa ya m'mapapo mwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zomwe mukupezazi komanso kafukufuku wina watsopano.
Kuwongolera Khansa Yam'mimba
Zimaganizidwa kuti ngati aliyense amene ali ndi chiwerengero cha kansa ya m'mapapo, kufala kwa imfa (khansa ya m'mapapo) kungadulidwe ndi 20 peresenti ku United States. Pakali pano, kuyang'ana khansa ya m'mapapo ikulimbikitsidwa kuti:
- Anthu a zaka zapakati pa 55 ndi 80
- Anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya chaka cha 30 cha kusuta
- Anthu omwe akupitiriza kusuta kapena kusiya zaka 15 zapitazo
Ngakhale kuti COPD ndi chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo , sipanakhalepo malangizo omwe akunena pamene munthu ayenera kufufuza. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu chifukwa izi zidzasintha posachedwa.
Mfundo Yofunika Kwambiri kwa Anthu Amene Ali ndi COPD kapena khansa ya m'mimba
Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa muli ndi COPD, khansara ya m'mapapo, zikhalidwe zonsezi, kapena chikhalidwe-mwazinthu zina, aliyense- pali mfundo zina zofunika kuzikumbukira:
Ngati muli ndi COPD (khansa koma osati mapapu) - Chofunikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi COPD ndikumadziwa kuti chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo chimakula. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kuyezetsa khansa ya m'mapapo kukumbukira kuti sitili ndi malangizo momwe tingayang'anire anthu a COPD kwa khansara yamapapo. Ganizirani mosamala zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo ndikuwonani dokotala wanu ngati mukukulapo (musataye zizindikiro zanu poganiza kuti ndizo chifukwa cha COPD yanu). Dzisamalirani nokha, ndipo muwone ngati pali zifukwa zina zoopsa khansara yamapapo yomwe mungasinthe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati simunayang'ane radhi yanu, chitani pomwepo. Kusamalira thupi lanu sikungachepetse chiopsezo chanu koma kukupatsani malo abwino ngati mutenga khansara yamapapo. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kasamalidwe ka COPD yanu, ndipo funsani zomwe amaganiza za maphunziro omwe amachititsa kuti corticosteroids yosakanikizidwe ingachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo.
Ngati muli ndi khansara yamapapu (koma osati COPD) - Ngati muli ndi khansara yamapapu (koma simunapezepo ndi COPD) nkofunika kudziwa kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo ali ndi digiri ya COPD (koma sangakhale anapeza.) Izi ndi zoona ngati simunasutepo kapena ayi. Pamene tikuyandikira mankhwala a khansa, zimakhala zachilendo kuti china chilichonse chiyike pamoto wam'mbuyo, koma kuti mukhale wathanzi kwambiri mukakumana ndi chithandizo cha khansa, nkofunika kuti mukhale ndi COPD yanu ngati muli nayo.
Ngati muli ndi khansara ya COPD ndi mapapo - Ngati muli ndi kansa ya COPD ndi mapapu, nkofunika kuti mukhale wothandizira. Nthawi zambiri pamene munthu ali ndi zikhalidwe ziwiri zosiyana, wina amaika pamoto wambuyo. Komabe zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa chimodzimodzi kuti zikupatseni moyo wabwino kwambiri.
Ngati mulibe khansara ya COPD kapena ya m'mapapo - Ngakhale mulibe khansara ya m'mapapo kapena ya khansa, mfundo zomwe zili m'nkhani ino ndi zofunika. Zimaganizidwa kuti kupezeka koyambirira kwa COPD n'kofunika kwambiri kuti awonetsere khansa ya m'mapapo-kuzindikira zizindikiro za khansara yamapapo ndi kuyerekezera kwa CT pakuyenera. Izi ndi zofunika ngati mwasuta fodya kapena ayi. Khansara ya m'mimba muzisuta fodya tsopano ndiyiyo ya 6 yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States ndi COPD imapezeka mwa osuta fodya.
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