Zizindikiro Zakale za Khansa ya M'mapapo
Kodi zizindikiro zoyambirira za kansa ya m'mapapo ndi zizindikiro zoyamba zomwe zingakuuzeni chinachake ndi cholakwika? Ili ndi funso lofunika kwa aliyense, kaya munayamba mwasuta kapena ayi. Khansa ya m'mimba ndi matenda ofanana. Amapezeka mwa osuta fodya, amapezeka mwa amayi pafupifupi nthawi zambiri monga amuna, ndipo amapezeka achinyamata. Ndipotu, khansa ya m'mapapo ikukula m'mayi, osasuta.
Kufunika Kodziwa Zizindikiro za Khansa Yam'mimba
Ngakhale khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yowonongeka kwambiri-ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda a kansa kwa amuna ndi akazi ku United States-kufufuza kwa posachedwapa kunapeza kuti ndi anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa zizindikiro zambiri.
Ndipo popeza palibe kuyesa kansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imapezeka kwa aliyense, kumvetsetsa zizindikiro nthawi zambiri ndi njira yokha yomwe ingapewere mwamsanga, isanafike.
Tikudziwa kuti chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndi bwino kuposa kale. Kafukufuku wa zaka zisanu za anthu omwe ali ndi kansa yamapapo oyambirira ndi pafupifupi 50 peresenti, yomwe imatsikira ku maulendo amodzi omwe akupita patsogolo.
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Kodi Ndi Zizindikiro Ziti za Khansa Yam'mimba Mwa Akazi?
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Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za khansa yaing'ono yamimba
Mwamwayi, pafupifupi theka la anthu ali kale pamatenda apamwamba a khansa ya m'mapapo pa nthawi ya matenda.
Khansa ya m'mimba ingayambitse zizindikiro m'njira zingapo. Zingayambitse zizindikiro pokula ndi kupitiliza pazomwe zimayenda komanso m'mapapo. Zingayambitse zizindikiro zambiri zokhudzana ndi kukula kwa khansa, monga kutopa ndi kutaya thupi. Ndipo ikhoza kuyambitsa zizindikiro pamene imafalikira kumadera ena a thupi, monga mafupa kapena ubongo.
Zizindikiro Zodziwika ndi Khansa Yam'mimba
Pafupifupi 90 peresenti ya anthu ali ndi zizindikiro panthaŵi yomwe khansara yamapapu imapezeka. Zina 5 mpaka 10 peresenti zingapezeke kuti khansara ikapezeka pa kufufuza kapena imawonekera mwadzidzidzi pamene mayesero amalamulidwa kuyesa vuto losagwirizana.
Nanga n'chifukwa chiyani matendawa amasowa kapena kuchedwa?
Kuwonjezera pa kusadziwa anthu za zizindikiro, zimakhala zofunikira kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansara yamapapo zingakhale zonyenga kapena zosaoneka bwino. M'malo mozindikira kuti munthu sangathe kukhumudwa, munthu amangozindikira kuti akung'onong'onongeka mobwerezabwereza kuposa nthawi zonse. M'malo moopsya ndi mpweya wochepa, wina angangoganiza kuti ali wokhazikika kapena wapeza mapaundi angapo pamene amayamba kuyenda akukwera masitepe.
Pamene mukuwerenga zizindikiro izi, ziyikeni mu kukumbukira kwanu, nokha komanso okondedwa anu. Sizodabwitsa kuti anthu adziwe dokotala wawo pokhapokha wokondedwa wawo atanena za chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi. Zizindikiro zofala zimaphatikizapo:
Chikhumbo Chimene Sichimachoka
Chifuwa chosatha ndi chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansara yamapapo. Chifuwachi chingakhale chouma kapena chonyowa, kawirikawiri kapena chosavuta, ndipo chimachitika nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku. Anthu ambiri amatsutsa chifuwa chopitirira, ndikuchiyesa chinthu china.
Mwinamwake ndi kupweteka, chifuwa chotsala pambuyo pa kuzizira, kapena mpweya wouma m'nyengo yozizira. Kapena mwinamwake mukuganiza kuti chifuwa chanu ndi chifuwa chosuta . Koma chifuwa chimene chimatenga masabata angapo chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha chinthu china choopsa kwambiri.
Chifuwa chachikulu ngati chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansara yamapapo ndi kosavuta kuphonya ngati muli ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimakuchititsani kuti mukhale chifuwa, monga mphumu, COPD, chifuwa chachikulu, kapena reflux ya gastroesophageal. Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chopitirira, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Khansara ya m'mimba ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chopitirira , koma chofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale khansara yamapapu imapezeka ndi 2 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu, 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu panthawi yomwe amadziwa.
Kutentha Kwambiri Ndi Ntchito
Chizindikiro china choyamba cha kansa ya m'mapapo ndi mpweya wochepa umene ulipo pokhapokha ndi ntchito. Izi zikhoza kunyalanyazidwa ndikudzudzulidwa pokula, kukhala opanda mawonekedwe, kapena chifukwa cha mapaundi angapo omwe mwalandira.
Mukawona kuti mukuzengereza kuthamangako, muthamangitsidwa ndi kugonana, kapena muwone chinyezi kuti chikhale chovuta kupuma, pangani nthawi yoti mukalankhule ndi dokotala wanu.
Matenda Obwerezabwereza monga Bronchitis ndi Pneumonia
Zimakhala zachilendo kuti wina apeze kuti ali ndi khansara yamapapo atalandira chithandizo chobwerezabwereza cha bronchitis kapena chibayo. Ngati chotupa chiri pafupi ndi msewu waulendo, zingayambitse zomwe zikukulepheretsani ku matendawa. Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV nthawi zonse mumalankhula ndi dokotala wanu, makamaka ngati mulibe zizindikiro zina za matenda a chifuwa monga fever. Matenda opatsirana mobwerezabwereza angakhale okhudzana ndi kusuta, chikhalidwe monga COPD, koma ikhozanso kukhala chizindikiro choyambirira cha khansara yamapapo.
Kudula Magazi
Kuphimba magazi " hemoptysis " muzofuna zachipatala-ndi chizindikiro chofala cha khansara yamapapo, ndipo ndicho chizindikiro chokhacho kwa anthu 7 peresenti panthaŵi yomwe akudziŵa. Pamene kukanganitsa magazi kungamveke kochititsa chidwi, anthu ambiri amatha kuona kampopu kakang'ono kake ka magazi pamatenda.
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Pamene Kubwerera Kumbuyo Ndi Chizindikiro Cha Khansa Yam'mimba
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Kodi Mungatani Ngati Nthenda Yanga Imakhala Chizindikiro cha Khansa Yam'mimba?
Hemoptysis ndi chizindikiro chomwe chingakhale chofulumira kwambiri. Kuwaza ngakhale supuni 2 zamatenda amagazi zimaonedwa kuti ndizochitika mwamsanga kuchipatala.
Zowawa Pamodzi ndi Pamtunda
Matenda omwe amapezeka m'mapapu amtundu wotchedwa Pancoast tumors nthawi zambiri alibe "zizindikiro zofanana" za khansa ya m'mapapo. Mmalo mwake, zotupazi zimatha kupweteka pamapewa (nthawi zambiri zovuta), zomwe zimawombera pansi mkono kumbali ya piny. Zisonyezero zina za matenda a pancoast zingakhale zofooka ndi kugwedeza manja, ndi " Horner's syndrome" -magulu a zizindikiro omwe angakhalepo ndi khungu lamaso, ndi kutuluka thukuta la mbali imodzi ya nkhope. Kuwonjezera pa kusowa kwa zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo, ziwalozi zingakhale zovuta kuziwona pa maphunziro a kujambula ndipo matendawa amachedwa.
Chifuwa cha Chifuwa
Mavuto a pachifuwa, omwe anthu ena amawawuza kuti " ululu wamapapo ," amatha kudwala khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo amapezeka ngakhale khansa ya m'mapapo oyambirira. Ngakhale mapapu omwe alibe ululu wowawa, mapaipi (pleura), komanso nyumba zozungulira m'mapapo, amakhala ndi mitsempha, ndipo ululu uwu ukhoza kumveka ngati ukuchokera m'mapapu. Kupweteka kofotokozedwanso kungamvekenso kudera lino. Kufikira 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu ali ndi chifuwa kapena kupweteka m'mapapo panthawi yochidziwitso.
Ululu Wabwerere
Ndithudi, pali zifukwa za ululu wammbuyo zomwe zimakhala zofala kwambiri kuposa khansa ya m'mapapo, koma ululu wa m'mbuyo ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha khansara yamapapo . Izi zikhoza kuyambitsa kupanikizika kuchokera ku chotupa, kukhumudwa kwa mizu ya mitsempha, kufalikira ku mafupa mumsana, kapena adrenal metastases - matenda a adrenal ndi ziwalo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala pamwamba pa impso zomwe kansa ya m'mapapo imafalikira. Ululu wam'mimba wokhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri umapezeka pakatikati kumbuyo, umakhala pompumulo komanso ntchito, ndipo umakhala woipitsitsa usiku ndi mpweya waukulu.
Kutaya Kwambiri Kunenepa
Kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kumatanthauzidwa ngati imfa ya 5 peresenti ya kulemera kwa thupi, kapena mapaundi oposa 10, m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena 12. Pali njira zingapo zomwe khansara ikhoza kuchepetsa kulemera kwake, kuyambira kukhumudwa kwa chilakolako cha kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake kamene kamakhudzana ndi chotupa. Kulemera kwa thupi kumapezeka 20 peresenti mpaka 70 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo asanadziwe.
Zolemba Zochepa Zochepa Zomwe Zimagwirizanitsa Khansa ya M'mimba
Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zotchulidwa pamwambapa, pali zizindikiro zina zambiri zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Izi zingaphatikizepo:
Kusokonezeka
Khansara yam'mimba ingayambitse mawu omveka mwa njira zingapo. Mimba mwa chifuwa ingayambitse kupweteka kwa mawu (larynx), koma mantha mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo imayamba chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa mitsempha yopita ku bokosi la mawu lotchedwa mitsempha yowonongeka. Chizindikiro cha mantha -makamaka ngati chikulimbikira-chiyenera kuyesedwa bwino.
Maso ndi Khutu Kutupa
Kuphatikizika kwa khansa ya m'mapapo yotchedwa supreme vena cava syndrome ( SVC syndrome ) ingayambitse kutupa kwa nkhope, khosi, ndi manja, komanso mitsempha yotambasula m'khosi ndi pachifuwa. Zizindikirozi zikhoza kuchitika pamene zilonda zamapapu zimakanikiza pa vena cava yabwino, chotengera chamagazi chachikulu chimabwezeretsa magazi pamtima.
Kutopa
Zingamveke ngati aliyense akukumana ndi kutopa, koma kutopa komwe nthawi zina kumayendera khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yosiyana. Anthu ena amanena kuti kutopa kumeneku ndi "kutopa thupi lonse" kapena kutopa. Ndiko kutopa kumene sikungatheke mosavuta ndi usiku wabwino wa tulo kapena khofi yabwino.
Kupuma
Pali mawu omwe amapita, "zonse zomwe sizimakhala ndi mphumu" komanso kansa ya m'mapapo ndi imodzi mwazochitikazo. Chodziwikiratu n'chakuti khansa yokhudzana ndi khansara yamapapu siimapangidwanso ngati ili ndi mphumu. Ndipotu, anthu amatha kufotokoza kumene magudumu amachokera m'mapapu awo.
Kuvala Magazi (Deep Vein Thrombosis ndi Pulmonary Embolism)
Amagazi a magazi amapezeka mwachidziwitso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu , ngakhale pa nthawi ya matenda. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala opatsirana khansa monga opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy amadziwika kuti angapangitse ngozi, izi zimatha ngakhale khansa ya m'mapapo isanafike. Kupweteka kwa mimba ndi mwana wamphongo ndi kutupa kumakhala zizindikiro zofala za mitsempha yambiri yamkati, ndi zizindikiro za kupweteka pachifuwa (nthawi zambiri zamphepo ndi mwadzidzidzi) komanso mpweya wochepa umachitika ngati mapepalawa akuthawa ndikupita kumapapo (pulmonary embolus).
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
Matenda ena a khansa amamasula zinthu monga mahomoni, zomwe zingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyana. Zizindikiro zimenezi, zotchedwa paraneoplastic syndromes zimachitika pafupifupi 10 peresenti mpaka 20 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo (makamaka khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo) ndipo nthawi zambiri amayamba kusankhana zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo.
Matenda awiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi a hypercalcemia, omwe matumbo (makamaka squamous cell carcinoma) amatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi ludzu, kufooka kwa thupi komanso kusokonezeka, komanso matenda osayenera a ADH (SIADH) omwe matendawa amatha. Sungani chinthu chochepetsera mphamvu ya sodium yomwe imayambitsa kupweteka kwa mutu, kufooka, ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira.
Zizindikiro za Khansa ya Lungire Metastases
Matenda a khansa amapezeka kawirikawiri atatha kale kufalikira kumadera ena a thupi. Madera ambiri omwe kansa ya m'mapapo imakula imaphatikizapo ubongo, mafupa, chiwindi, ndi matenda a adrenal. Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingatheke ndi monga kupweteka mutu, kufooka, kapena kugwidwa (chifukwa cha ubongo ), kupweteka kumbuyo (chifukwa cha mitsempha ya mafupa ), ndi kupweteka kwa m'mimba, mseru, ndi kusanza (chifukwa cha chiwindi cha metastases ).
Zizindikiro Zosaoneka Zonse Kapena Kutha Kwachidziwitso mu Umoyo-Wanu 'Kutenga' Kumverera
Kuchokera pamatumbo kupweteka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi, mndandandawu ukhoza kupitiriza kufotokoza zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zingatanthauze khansara yamapapo. Koma chizindikiro chofunika chimene sichipatsidwa dzina lachipatala ndilo intuition yanu. Matenda anu akumva. Thupi lanu likukuuzani chiyani? Anthu ambiri amanena kuti asanatuluke khansa ya m'mapapo, samangokhalira kumverera kapena akudabwa ngati chinachake chalakwika. Mverani chenjezo ngati thupi lanu likulengeza, ndipo kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mimba mwa osaputa ndi akazi
Zaka zaposachedwa tamva zambiri za momwe zizindikiro za matenda a mtima m'mabambo azimayi zimasiyanasiyana ndi amuna. Tsopano tikuphunzira kuti zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amayi nthawi zambiri zimasiyana ndi za amuna. Komanso, zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya zingakhale zosiyana ndi za anthu omwe akusuta. Popeza kansa ya m'mapapo siikwera pazidutswa za radar kwa azimayi, makamaka osakhala wosuta fodya, sangathe kupezeka mpaka mtsogolo mwa matendawa. Ndipo patapita nthawi matenda opatsirana amatanthauza mwayi wochepa wochiritsidwa.
M'mbuyomu, khansa ya m'mapapo monga khansa yaing'ono yamapapo ya m'mapapo ndi squamous cell carcinoma inali yofala kwambiri. Mankhwalawa, omwe amathandizira kwambiri kusuta fodya, amapezeka kumadera apakati a mapapo, pafupi ndi ndege. Chifukwa cha malo awa, nthawi zambiri amachititsa zizindikiro mofulumira; Matenda a m'mapapu omwe amapezeka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa pamsewu, kapena kukakamira magazi pamene akukula mumlengalenga.
Tsopano, mapapu adenocarcinoma ndi omwe amachititsa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yamtunduwu komanso mtundu wa khansara wamapapo ambiri mwa amayi ndi anthu osasuta. Mankhwalawa amapezeka m'madera akutali (mapiritsi) m'mapapo, ndipo amatha kukula kwambiri asanawonetse zizindikiro. Chizindikiro choyamba ndi adenocarcinoma chikhoza kukhala tanthauzo losavuta la mpweya ngati chotupa chimatengera ziphuphu zamapapu, ndi zizindikiro zina zosadziwika monga kutopa, ndi kusowa kwa njala.
Matenda ndi Mkhalidwe Wofanana ndi Khansa Yam'mimba
Pofufuza zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo mudzawona kuti pali zizindikiro zambiri zomwe ziri ndi zizindikiro zofanana, Ndipotu, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu amayamba kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zina, kuchepetsa kuchiza.
Chifuwa chachikulu chikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mapapo, koma ikhoza kugwirizananso ndi chifuwa chachikulu, matenda opatsirana achilombo, kapena zinthu zina zambiri. Kansara ya COPD ndi mapapo akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana. Chifuwa cha TB chimangowonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, koma izi sizodziwika bwino ngati zina. Popeza pali zambiri zomwe zimapezeka, ndizofunika kulankhula ndi adokotala za zizindikiro zanu zonse, ngakhale zizindikiro zina ziwoneka zochepa. Kugwirizana kwa zizindikiro zomwe mumakumana nazo kungakhale kofunika kwambiri kusiyana ndi zizindikiro za munthu aliyense.
Nthawi Yomwe Muwone Dokotala Wanu
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Kafukufuku ku UK anapeza kuti nthawi yapakatikati pakati pa kuyambira kwa zizindikiro ndi nthawi imene anthu ankafuna kuchipatala kwa khansa yamapapo inali miyezi 12.
Ngati simukusuta fodya, musataye mwayi kuti akhoza kukhala khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo mutenge kachiwiri ngati dokotala akuchotsa. Khansara ya m'mimba mwa osuta fodya ndiyo yotsatira yachisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe imayambitsa khansa ku United States.
Ngati mukusuta ndi zizindikiro izi, musazengereze kutchula dokotala wanu. Kafukufuku wa 2016 anapeza kuti anthu omwe amasuta sakhala ndi mwayi wochezera madokotala awo ndi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi osuta fodya. Ngati mumadzimva kuti ndinu wolakwa pa kusuta fodya, chotsani kulakwitsa kwanu ndikupangitsani nthawiyi. Aliyense-kaya simunasute kapena kusuta fodya moyo wanu wonse-ayenera kulandira chithandizo chabwino ndi chithandizo chabwino mukakumana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.
Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya kusuta, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kansa ya mapapo musanayambe kusonyeza zizindikiro. Kuwonera kulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe:
- Ali pakati pa zaka 55 ndi 80
- Utsi kapena kusuta kwa chiwerengero cha 30 paketi-zaka
- Pitirizani kusuta kapena kusiya kusuta fodya m'zaka 15 zapitazo
Mawu Ochokera
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kachiwiri kuti pafupifupi chizindikiro chilichonse chingakhale chizindikiro chenjezo kwa khansara yamapapo. Ngati muli ndi chisonyezo chimene sichifotokozedwa-kaya chiri mndandanda kapena osalankhulana ndi dokotala wanu. Inu mukukhala mu thupi lanu ndipo mumangodziwa pamene chinachake sichili bwino. Palinso zinthu zina kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe ili yaikulu. Ngati simukupeza mayankho, tengani yankho lachiwiri.
Kumbukirani-ndipo kumbukirani dokotala wanu ngati kuli koyenera-kuti aliyense ali ndi mapapo angapite khansa ya m'mapapo. Monga taonera kale, matenda a kansa ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri amachedwa kuchepetsedwa kwa anthu osuta. Uthenga umene timamva nthawi zonse kuchokera kwa opulumuka ku khansa ya m'mapapo ndi kuti muyenera kuyankhula. Kukhala wothandizira anu pa chisamaliro chanu kungapulumutse moyo wanu.
Zotsatira:
American Cancer Society. Khansa Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro 2016 . Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2016. http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2016/
Friedemann Smith C, Whitaker K, Winstanley K, ndi J. Wardle Kusuta Fodya Ndi Ochepa Kwambiri Kuposa Omwe Osasuta Kuti Apeze Thandizo Lachizindikiro cha Khansa Yam'mimba 'Chizindikiro'. Nthano . Idasindikizidwa pa Intaneti 21 Feb 2016.
Pitani J, Carbone D, Johnson D, et al. Makhalidwe Abwino a Khansa ya M'magazi . 4th Edition. Williams ndi Wilkins: 2010.
Thomas K. Odwala matenda: Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi, zizindikiro, ndi matenda (Beyond the Basics). Zaposachedwa. 04/29/16. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/lung-cancer-risks-symptoms-and-diagnosis-beyond-the-basics