Zachidule Zomwe Zimayambitsa khansa
Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amagwirizanitsa khansara yamapapo ndi kusuta, pali zifukwa zambiri. Pali anthu amene asuta moyo wawo wonse ndipo sanatenge khansa ya m'mapapo. Mofananamo, pali ambiri osakhala osuta omwe amatha kukhala ndi matendawa. Ndipotu, khansa ya m'mapapo mwa osuta fodya ndiyo nambala yachisanu ndi chimodzi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa ku United States.
Sitikukayikira za zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo, koma zidziŵika zingapo zowopsa.
Zina mwazimene mumadziwa bwino, koma zina sizidziwika bwino. Khansa ya m'mimba ndi matenda ambiri, kutanthauza kuti nthawi zambiri pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti ziwonjezere kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Tikudziŵa kuti zochitika zina sizingowonjezera pakupereka ngozi. Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'ana kwa asibesitosi komanso kusuta fodya kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha khansara yamapapo kuposa momwe ziwopsezo ziwirizo zinangowonjezera palimodzi.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, pali njira zina monga kudya ndi kudya zakudya zabwino zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo chanu.
Kodi Zochitika Zachilengedwe Zimayambitsa Kansa Yoyamba?
Kumvetsetsa momwe chiwonetsero cha malo kapena chikhalidwe chathu chingayambitse vuto la khansa yamapapo chingathandize kuthandizira zomwe zingayambitse. Zinyama zina zingapangitse kuti DNA iwonongeke m'maselo. Zinthu zimenezi zimayambitsa khansa . Zowonjezera zina zingapangitse kutentha kwakukulu. Kugawidwa kwa maselo owonjezereka m'malo ndi kukonza kuwonongeka kwa minofu kumene kumachitika kumabweretsa chiopsezo chakuti kusintha kwa DNA-kungayambe kuchitika.
Ndikusinthika kwa DNA mu maselo a kansa yamapapu omwe amachititsa kuti maselo achilendo akhale odwala khansa .
Kuganizira Zotsatira za Khansa
Zingakhale zoopsa kulankhula za khansara, ndipo nthawi zina akunyoza, "Kodi chirichonse sichichititsa khansara?" wapindula bwino. Zoona, komabe sikophweka kupanga selo yamba kukhala kansera ya khansa. Nthawi zambiri kusintha kumeneku sikuchitika mpaka kusintha mwapadera (kaya mwabadwa kapena kuchokera ku chilengedwe) kumawononga DNA ya selo mokwanira kotero kuti sichimayankha ku malamulo omwe amauza kuti asiye kugawa.
Tili ndi majeremusi m'matupi athu omwe amalemba mapuloteni okonza maselo owonongeka kapena kuwachotsa asanakhale nawo mwayi wokhala ndi khansa. Kusinthika kwa majeremusi ameneŵa, omwe amadziwika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kumayambitsa matenda a khansa.
Zimayambitsa Zomwe Zimayambitsa Khansa Yam'mimba
Pali zifukwa zina za khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe sitikudziwa bwino, komanso ena omwe aphungu adakali kunja.
Tiyeni tione zina mwazidzidzidzi zomwe zimayambitsa, khansa ya m'mapapo, komanso momwe zinthu zimapangidwira kuti azindikire zomwe zimayambitsa khansa yamapapo.
Kusuta
Kusuta ndi nambala imodzi ya khansa ya m'mapapo , yomwe imayang'anira pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo ku United States. Kuopsa kwa wina yemwe amasuta kukhala khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yaikulu 13 mpaka 23 kuposa wosasuta. Ndipo mosiyana ndi chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, omwe amatsika mwamphamvu pamene wina akuchotsa chizoloŵezicho, chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo chikhoza kupitirira zaka kapena makumi angapo munthu atasiya. Ndipotu, anthu ambiri amene amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo masiku ano sakhala osuta koma omwe amasuta kale.
Kusuta kumawoneka kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu mu khansa ya m'mapapo kwa amuna kuposa akazi. Ku United States, amayi 20 pa 100 alionse amene amayamba khansa ya m'mapapo ndi osakhala fodya nthawi zonse; padziko lonse, ndi 50 peresenti ya amayi amene amayamba matendawa.
Kuphatikiza pa kusuta fodya, kusuta fodya ndiko chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo.
Pali kutsutsana pa kusuta chamba chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a kansa yamapapu , ndipo kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti chosiyana ndi ichi, koma pali umboni wabwino kuti posachedwa fodya wa hamba yapamwamba imabweretsa ngozi.
Pali khansa yokhudzana ndi kusuta kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mapapo, komanso kwa omwe ali ndi khansa, kusiya kusuta kumapangitsa kukhalabe ndi moyo .
Radon Chiwonetsero
Kuwonetsa gasi ya rasioni m'nyumba ndiko yachiwiri yomwe imayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha khansara yamapapo mwa osuta fodya. Radoni ndi galimoto yosasunthika, yopanda mtundu uliwonse yomwe imamasulidwa ku uvunda wabwino wa uranium mu nthaka pansi pa nyumba zathu. Mpweya uwu ukhoza kulowa m'nyumba kudzera ming'alu ya maziko ndi makoma, kuzungulira sump pampu, mapaipi, ndi zowonjezera, ndipo zimalowa mu mlengalenga yomwe imazungulira m'nyumba zathu.
Bungwe la World Health Organization linanena kuti mpaka 15 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo padziko lonse imayenera chifukwa cha radon. Khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'magazi imamveka kuti imayambitsa imfa pafupifupi 27,000 chaka chilichonse ku United States.
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Chifukwa Chiyani Kusiya Kusuta Sikudzathetseratu Kufa kwa Khansa?
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Ndi chiani chiwerengero cha osuta omwe amapeza khansa ya m'mimba?
Kuti mumvetse tanthauzo la nambalayi, yerekezerani imfa izi kwa pafupifupi 40,000 imfa ya khansa ya m'mawere chaka chilichonse.
Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati nyumba yanu ili ndi rasi yapamwamba ndiyo kuyesa radon . Makina otsika kwambiri a radon amapezeka m'masitolo ambiri a pa kompyuta kapena pa intaneti. Ngati miyeso ikukwera, kuchepetsedwa kwa radon kochitidwa ndi katswiri wodziwika kungathe kuthetsa vuto lonse ndikuchotsa chiopsezo ichi.
Ngakhale kuti nkosafunikira kwenikweni kusiyana ndi nyumba zomangidwa pa granite, radon kuchoka ku granite countertops angakhalenso chiopsezo cha khansara yamapapo.
Utsi wa Secondhand
Kusuta fodya ndi chifukwa cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo imayambitsa pafupifupi 7,000 kufala kwa khansa yapakhungu pachaka ku United States. Kukhala ndi munthu yemwe amasuta kumadzetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi 20 peresenti mpaka 30 peresenti. Ndipo mofanana ndi utsi wodzivulaza, utsi wochuluka umawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima ndi khansa zina.
Ntchito zapadera
Kuwonetseratu kuntchito kwa mankhwala ndi zinthu ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha khansara yamapapo. Zikuoneka kuti ku United States, pakati pa 13 peresenti ndi 29 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna ali ndi ntchito yopezeka pantchito monga chothandizira (chiwerengero chimenecho chimasintha pafupifupi pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya akazi.)
Mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ndi awa:
- Asbesitosi
- Arsenic
- Chromium mankhwala
- Mankhwala a nickel
- PAHs (polycyclic zonunkhira za hydrocarboni)
- Vinyl kloride
- Mtengo wa Wood
Ntchito zina zokhudzana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mapapu ndizo:
- Kuyendetsa galimoto
- Kusakaza
- Metal amagwira ntchito
- Kusindikiza
- Kupanga keramiki
- Mitsinje ya uranium
- Magalasi opanga
Onetsetsani kuti muwone Mapepala a Chitetezo cha Material Data omwe abwana amafunika kupereka pa mankhwala aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo kuntchito.
Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya
Ngakhale kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kwakhala kwadziwika kuti ndi thanzi labwino, posachedwapa kuti gawo lake pakuchititsa khansara yamapapu yapezeka. Mavutowa amasiyana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi koma amalingalira kuti ndi amene amachititsa khansa ya m'mapapo mu 5 peresenti ya amuna ndi 3 peresenti ya amayi ku United States.
Mtengo Utsi ndi kuphika Utsi
Ngakhale mavuto ambiri m'mayiko omwe akutukuka, utsi wochokera ku nkhuni zamtengo wapatali komanso kuchokera m'nyumba zophika ndi mpweya wotsekula bwino ndizo zimayambitsa kansa ya m'mapapo padziko lonse.
Chiyero / Chibadwa
Kukhala ndi chibwenzi choyamba (mayi, bambo, mbale, kapena mwana) ndi khansara yamapapo imapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, pamene amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo (azakhali, amalume, mphwake) chiopsezo chozungulira pafupifupi 30 peresenti.
Ndikumvetsetsa kochulukitsa za chibadwa, zina mwazifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa chiopsezozi zikudziwika. Chitsanzo cha izi ndi chotupa choyambitsa jekeseni chotchedwa BRCA2. Geniyi inafalikira ngati imodzi mwa "mawere a khansa ya m'mawere" ndi Angelina Jolie, koma zomwe zanenedwa mobwerezabwereza ndikuti kusintha kwa BRCA2 kobadwa kungapangitse ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo , makamaka kwa amayi omwe amasuta.
Pafupifupi, 1,7 peresenti ya khansa yamapapo ya m'mapapo imatengedwa kuti ndi "cholowa." Zinthu zachibadwa zimakhala zosavuta pamene khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imayamba mwa osuta fodya, akazi, ndi anthu osapitirira 60.
Matenda Achilonda
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mapapu akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire, (COPD), monga emphysema, amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo. COPD ndi "chiopsezo chodziimira yekha" kwa khansara yamapapo, kutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi matendawa kumayambitsa matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo komanso kuti chiopsezochi sichimasuta fodya. Chifuwachi chikuwonekera kuti chikhoza kuchititsa kuti khansa ya m'mapapo iwonongeke komanso ikhoza kuchepetsa kupatsirana. Kukhala ndi pulmonary fibrosis, monga idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis , kumawonjezera kwambiri ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo. Palinso umboni wina wakuti mphumu ikhoza kuyambitsa kansa ya m'mapapo , makamaka osasuta
Zochitika Zochiritsira Zina
Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi khansa. Matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi, monga HIV / AIDS, chiwoneke chimaonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo, monga matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala matenda a nyamakazi. Kuonjezera apo, kuponderezedwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi chifukwa cha kuikidwa kwa thupi kumayambitsa ngozi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu yambiri ya khansa amatha kukhala ndi kansa ya m'mapapo. Zina mwa izi zikhoza kukhala zokhudzana ndi mankhwala opatsirana khansa (chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa khansa ) kapena chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majeremusi omwe amachititsa anthu kukhala ndi khansa.
Matenda
Nthawi zambiri sitiganiza za matendawa chifukwa cha khansa, koma khumi mwa khansa ku United States ndi 25 peresenti padziko lonse ndi ofanana ndi matenda opatsirana. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa apeza mgwirizano pakati pa matenda a papillomavirus (HPV) ndi khansa ya m'mapapo , ngakhale kuti sichidziwika ngati izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mgwirizano kapena ngati, ndiye kuti HPV ndi chifukwa chenichenicho.
Kutentha kwa Mafilimu
Ma radiation m'mlengalenga ndi mazira a zachipatala agwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa yamapapo. Ma radiation zamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chithandizo cha khansa-mwachitsanzo, kuchiza matenda a Hodgkin kapena matenda oopsa a khansa ya m'mawere-akhoza kuika ngozi, makamaka kwa omwe amalandira mankhwalawa ali aang'ono.
Zakudya Zakudya ndi Zakudya
Chakudya chochuluka kwambiri (kuchiritsidwa) ndi nyama zofiira zingapangitse ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo, pamene chakudya chokhala ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba chimakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa. Kuledzera kwauchidakwa kungayambitsenso ngozi yaikulu. Timamva zambiri ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, koma kugwiritsa ntchito izi pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha khansa kuyenera kubwera ndi chenjezo. Atadziwa kuti beta-carotene (zomera za phytochemical) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo, ofufuza anafufuza zotsatira za suppa beta-carotene pa anthu ambiri. Mosiyana ndi zakudya za beta-carotene, supplemental beta-carotene m'malo mwake imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matendawa.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa Gender ndi Estrogen
Tikudziwa kuti maselo ena a khansa yamapapo ali ndi maselo otchedwa estrogen ndipo kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ikhoza kusiyana ndi mbiri ya kubala ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti asamangidwe. Timadziwanso kuti khansa yamapapo m'mabambo amasiyana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo mwa amuna. Izi zati, ife tangoyamba kuphunzira kuti, ngati zilipo, zotsatira zake ndi estrogen pa ngozi ya khansa yamapapo .
Kuphunzira Zotsatira za Khansa Yam'mimba
Vuto lalikulu pozindikira zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo ndizovuta kuwona zowonongeka kwa zachilengedwe.
Vuto lina ndi nthawi ya latency ya khansa . Zambiri zowonongeka-monga kusuta ndudu-sizimayambitsa khansa nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi yotchedwa cancer latency imatchulidwa ngati kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe imawoneka ndi mankhwala opatsirana khansa (khansa) komanso nthawi imene khansa imapezeka. Ngati kusuta fodya kunangokhalako zaka 10 zapitazo, mwina sitizindikira kuti ikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha khansara yamapapo.
Vuto lina pofufuza zomwe zimayambitsa ndilo kupanga maphunzilo. Kuti mudziwe molondola ngati chinthu chimayambitsa khansara, tifunika kupanga phunziro lomwe limawonetsa chinthu pa nthawi ndi maulendo pa zinthu zina zomwe zingakhale zosewera. Izi zimatchedwa maphunziro opindulitsa. Zambiri mwa zomwe timadziwa za khansa zimabweretsa, komabe, zimachokera ku maphunziro apamwamba. Maphunzirowa ayang'ane anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ndipo abwerere mmbuyo kuti ayesetse kumvetsa zomwe zimayambitsa. Zambiri zafukufuku zikuchitika, koma zambiri kuchokera kwazo sizikhoza kupezeka kwa zaka zambiri.
Momwe kufalikira kwa kufalitsa kungatithandizenso ngati tikuphunzira kapena ayi chifukwa cha matenda a khansa yamapapu. Kuwonetsa ngati kusuta, komwe kumafala padziko lonse lapansi, ndi kosavuta kuphunzira kuti chiwonetsero chomwe chimachitika peresenti ya anthu ambiri.
Chodetsa nkhaŵa chomaliza chomwe chiyenera kutchulidwa ndicho kuyanjana motsutsana . Chifukwa chakuti zinthu ziwiri zimagwirizanitsidwa sizikutanthauza kuti zimayambitsa china. Chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi chakuti pali madzi ambiri m'nyengo yozizira-nthawi yomweyo yomwe anthu ambiri amadya ayisikilimu. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kudya ayisikilimu kumayambitsa madzi. Kulumikizana pakati pa HPV ndi khansara yamapapo yomwe tatchulidwa pamwambayi ndi imodzi mwa zomwe sitikudziwa ngati pali vuto, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimagwirizana.
Kuchepetsa Vuto Lanu la Khansa Yam'mimba
Chomwe chimamveka mwamsanga pamene kuphunzira za khansara yamapapo ndikuti sitimvetsetse zifukwa zonse zoopsya. Izi ndi zomveka bwino pamene tikuzindikira kuti khansara yamapapo ikukula mu gulu limodzi la anthu: azimayi, osasuta.
Mpaka tidziwa zambiri, zizoloŵezi zochepa zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chanu ku matenda enaake:
- Werengani malemba pazinthu zomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, kaya kunyumba kapena kuntchito.
- Gwiritsani ntchito magolovesi mukamagwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chomwe simungachiike pakamwa panu; lingaliro lonse lakumwa mankhwala ena mu "mawonekedwe a patch" ndikuti khungu lathu lingakhoze kutenga mosavuta mankhwala ambiri.
- Onetsetsani kuvala mask pamene akuitanidwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mpweya wabwino pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi mankhwala monga zojambula ndi zoyera.
Zambiri Kuchokera:
- Kuwongolera Khansa Yam'mimba
- Malangizo 10 Oletsa Kuteteza Khansa Yam'mimba
- Zakudya Zowonjezera Zakudya Zochepetsera Kuopsa kwa Khansa Yam'mimba
Zotsatira:
Kocurek, E., ndi A. Hemnes. Umoyo wa Azimayi ndi Kukula Kwambiri ndi Matenda. Zipatala za Amuna ndi Amayi a ku North America . 2016. 43 (2): 307-23.
Mao, Y., Yang, D., He, J., ndi M. Krasna. Etiology ya Khansa Yam'mimba. Zipatala Zopaleshoni za North America . 2016. 25 (3): 439-45.
Pass, J., Carbone, D., Johnson, D. et al. Makhalidwe Abwino a Khansa ya M'magazi . 4th Edition. Williams ndi Wilkins: 2010.
Yoon, J., Lee, J., Joo, S., ndi D. Kang. Kuwonetseredwa kwa Radon Kwambiri ndi Khansa ya M'magazi: Kubwereza Zomwe Ziphunzitso Zapangidwe Zapangidwe. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine . 2016. 28:15.