India adawona kuphulika kwa Japan Encephalitis (JE) m'chilimwe cha 2014 ndi imfa zambiri. Mu 2015, kachilomboka kabwerera. Ngakhale kuti pali katemera, anthu amwalira kuyambira 41 mu 2010 mpaka 160 mu 2014, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa nambala 5 ku Assam kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa India. Panalinso anthu 60 ophedwa ku West Bengal.
Kusintha kwa nyengo - ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa mvula - zikhoza kuwonjezeka JE transmission. Izi ndizochepa chifukwa kutentha kwa kutentha kumapangitsa kuti mpunga wambiri ukhale wamkulu, ndi madzi ochulukirapo mu mpunga wa mpunga, zomwe zimayambitsa udzudzu wambiri. Matendawa amapezeka pakapita chaka tsopano, monga udzudzu wa Culex utatha nthawi yaitali, osati kuyambira May mpaka July, koma tsopano mpaka November.
Kodi Matendawa Ndi Otani?
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV samadwala. Only 1% ali ndi zizindikiro zirizonse. Anthu omwe amayamba kukhala ndi zizindikiro amayamba kukhala nawo masiku 5-15 atatha kuluma kwa udzudzu. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zikuphatikizapo malungo, mutu, kusanza.
Pa masiku angapo otsatira, ena adzalandira matenda aakulu, pafupifupi 1 pa 250. Izi zikhoza kukhala zofooka, ngakhale ziwalo za thupi, zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi ubongo kapena kuyenda. Zizindikirozi zikufanana ndi Parkinson ndi nkhope zakuda, kunjenjemera, ndi kusunthira (makamaka cogwheel rigidity ndi choreoathetotic movement).
Pakhoza kukhala ziwalo zowumala - zomwe zimakhala zovuta komanso zofiira ndipo kotero zifanana ndi polio. Zikhoza kuchitika.
Zomwe zimachitika?
Pakati pa iwo amene amakhala ndi encephalitis, 20-30% amafa. Mwa iwo amene apulumuka, 30-50% akupitiriza kukhala ndi zizindikiro za maganizo / m'maganizo kapena m'maganizo.
Kodi Amafalitsa Bwanji?
Chilombochi chikufalikira ndi kukwawa kwa udzudzu, makamaka kuchokera ku Culex tritaeniorhynchus ndi Culex vishnui (makamaka ku India komanso Sri Lanka ndi Thailand).
Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri ku Southeast Asia ndi East Asia. Matendawa amapezeka m'mayiko 24 ku Asia ndi ku West Pacific komwe anthu 3 biliyoni amakhala. Matendawa sapezeka m'matawuni ambiri, makamaka m'mayiko monga Japan kumene akulamulidwa, komanso Korea komwe yakhala ndi katemera wambiri.
M'madera ambiri, kufalitsa ndi nyengo - nyengo ndi kugwa.
Vutoli limakhalabe pakati pa udzudzu ndi nkhumba, komanso mbalame zina. Anthu ndi "magulu otsiriza" omwe amatanthauza kuti sangathe kutulutsa kachilombo ka HIV (momwe mawere akutsalirabe m'magazi athu kuti atumize kwa wina aliyense). Mahatchi komanso nthawi zina ng'ombe zimakhalanso ndi matenda omwe amatha kufa, koma omwe safalitsa matendawa. Pali kudandaula kuti pokhala ndi nkhumba pafupi ndi anthu timayesa kufalitsa JE kwa anthu.
Kodi Zimapezeka Bwanji?
Kuzindikira kumapangidwira kupyolera kuchipatala ndi mbiri komanso kumatsimikiziridwa kupyolera mu kuyesedwa kwa ma laboratory. Magazi kapena cerebrospinal amatha kuyesedwa kwa ma antibodies oyambirira (IgM) omwe amawoneka masiku atatu mpaka 8 mutatha kuyamba matenda ndikupitirira mpaka miyezi 1-3 kapena kupitirira.
Cerebrospinal fluid idzasonyezanso kukwera kwa maselo oyera a magazi (okhala ndi lymphocytes), shuga wabwino, ndi mapuloteni ochepa.
Magazi adzawonetsa kukwera kwa maselo oyera a magazi, kugwa mu maselo ofiira a magazi ndi sodium. MRI ingasonyeze kusintha kwa thalamus komanso mwinamwake basal ganglia, midbrain, pons, ndi medulla.
Kodi Pali Katemera?
Pali katemera. Katemera wa ku United States ndi katemera wa chiwopsezo 2 womwe unaperekedwa masiku 28 pokhapokha mlingo womaliza sabata imodzi kapena kuposerapo musanayende. Ndibwino kuti anthu omwe akuyenda kunja kwa mizinda azikhala osachepera mwezi umodzi pa nthawi ya HIV. Ili ndi chilolezo kwa miyezi iwiriyo ndi yoposa. Mankhwala opatsirana angaperekedwe patatha chaka chimodzi ngati akupezekabe kwa omwe ali ndi zaka zoposa 17, koma sizikudziwika ngati zofunikira zimakhala zofunikira.
Palinso katemera ena omwe amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo ovuta.
Kodi Pali Chithandizo?
Palibe mankhwala enieni. Kuchekera kuchipatala chothandizira kusamalira (madzi, mankhwala opweteka) nthawi zambiri amafunika.
Mmene Mungapewere Kutengera:
- Pewani malo omwe amadziwika ndi kachilombo ka HIV
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oteteza tizilombo omwe akuphatikizapo DEET
- Valani manja aatali ndi mathalauza
- Katemera ngati kuli koyenera
- Pewani kupita kunja nthawi zina pamene pali udzudzu wambiri
- Gona pansi pa bedi, gwiritsani ntchito mpweya ngati n'kotheka ndi kutseka mawindo ndi mawindo