Kuchiza Khansa

Zachidule Zokhudza Kuchiza Khansa

Kodi ndi njira ziti zomwe mungapezere matenda a khansa, ndipo njirazi zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Kodi cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndi chiyani, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito liti?

Kusankha Pulogalamu ya Chithandizo cha Khansa

Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka posachedwa ndi khansa, mwina mumakhala mukudandaula ndi kuvutika maganizo. Khansara kapena "C" angapangitse mantha ndi mantha ngakhale anthu omwe ali olimba mtima. Kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri kwapangidwa mu chithandizo cha khansa, nthawi zambiri kulola zosankha zosiyanasiyana zofunikira.

Kodi mungatani kuti musankhe zinthu zomwe zingakupindulitseni nokha?

Mwamwayi sizingatheke kupanga izi, koma anthu omwe ali ndi khansa akugwira ntchito yambiri kusiyana ndi nthawi yosankha mankhwala. Zosankhazi zidzadalira pazinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo msinkhu wanu, mtundu ndi malo omwe muli ndi khansa yomwe muli nayo, komanso zotsatira zake za mankhwala omwe mukufuna kulolera.

• Matenda-Kusintha Mankhwala Osokoneza Khansa Ndi Matenda a Matenda

• Zimene Mungachite Ngati Mankhwala Anu a Khansa Amayambitsa Khungu Lako

Mofananamo, khansara iliyonse ndi yosiyana ndi ma molecular, ndipo mankhwala omwe amathandiza bwino munthu mmodzi ali ndi mtundu wina wa khansara sangagwire ntchito kwa munthu wina ali ndi khansa yofanana.

Tiyeni tiwone za mankhwala opatsirana khansa pakalipano, zolinga zosiyana siyana za chithandizo, ndi zomwe mungathe kuchita kuti mupange chisankho chabwino pa chisamaliro chanu.

Zam'dera ndi Zochitika Zachiza Zokwanira za Khansa

Pali njira zingapo zomwe khansara imachiritsidwa, koma ndizothandiza kuti muyambe kuzigwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri zikuluzikulu: mankhwala am'deralo komanso mankhwala ochizira khansa.

Zochitika Zachigawo - Zochiritsira zakumunda zimayankhula khansa kumene zimachokera kwanuko. Mankhwala onse opaleshoni ndi ma radiation amaonedwa ngati mankhwala am'deralo. Amachiza kapena kuchotsa khansa yapadera koma sangathe kuchiza maselo a khansa omwe angafalikire kumadera ena a thupi.

Mankhwala othandiza - Mankhwala ochizira amaphatikizapo omwe amachititsa maselo a khansa kulikonse kumene amapezeka m'thupi. Njira zomwe zimapereka "njira zowonongeka" za khansa ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, mankhwala ochiritsira, mankhwala ochizira, ndi ma immunotherapy. Ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira kapena ngati yafalitsidwa, njira yothetsera mankhwala monga chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imafunika kuchotsa maselowa. Popeza khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi imakhudza maselo m'magazi-maselo omwe amayenda mu njira zonse zothandizira thupi ndi njira yoyamba yothandizira.

Zolinga za Chithandizo cha Khansa

Ndikofunika kwambiri kuganizira zolinga za kansa yanu musanayambe khansa yothandizira. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi khansa nthawi zambiri amayembekezera zosiyana kwambiri ndi za madokotala awo zokhudzana ndi njira zothandizira zosiyanasiyana.

Zolinga zingakhalepo:

• Kuchiza khansa - Cholinga cha kuchiza khansa ndi kuthetsa khansa, kotero izo zatha kwamuyaya. Mwamwayi, chifukwa chakuti maselo a khansa kuchokera ku ziwalo zolimba nthawi zina amatha kubisala kwa zaka kapena makumi, zolinga zina zimaganiziridwa (ngakhale ngati khansayo ikhoza kubwerera).
• Kupititsa patsogolo moyo kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kubwereza - Ambiri ochizira khansa amapereka mwayi wowonjezera kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe wina angakhale ndi khansa, kapena amakhala mu chikhululukiro cha khansa.
• Mankhwala a Adjuvant - Adjuvant mankhwala ndi njira yothandizira mankhwala (kawirikawiri mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena mankhwala a radiation) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a kansa omwe afalikira ku madera ena a thupi (micrometastases) koma sangathe kuwunikanso pa maphunziro a dzuwa. Thandizo la adjuvant nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pochita opaleshoni kuti achepetse mwayi woti khansa idzabwererenso.
• Mankhwala a Neoadjuvant - Matenda a Neoadjuvant ndi awa (makamaka mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation therapy) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kukula kwa chotupa kotero kuti opaleshoni n'zotheka.

• Thandizo lopweteka - Kutsegula m'mimba kapena "mankhwala othandizira" amatanthauza njira yothetsera yomwe imayankhula mbali zonse za munthu: thupi, malingaliro, ndi mzimu. Mankhwalawa apangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo moyo wabwino kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansara koma sanapangidwe kuti adziwe khansa yokha. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chisamaliro cholera chosiyana ndi chosiyana ndi hospice. Kusamalidwa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti lipindulitse umoyo wa moyo ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa omwe angathe kuchiritsidwa.

Can Can Can Cure With Treatment?

Pofufuza zolinga zamankhwala anthu angadabwe chifukwa chake mawu oti "machiritso" satchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi ziwalo zolimba komanso chifukwa chake khansa nthawi zina imabwerera. Pali zifukwa zambiri zokhudzana ndi chifukwa chomwe khansa ikhoza kubwereranso , ngakhale patatha zaka zambiri. Izi ndizofunika kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mutakhala kuti kansa yanu ikhoza kubweranso mutatha kuchipatala, palinso pang'ono kuti anu oncologist azigwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "ochiritsidwa" ngati muli ndi chotupa cholimba. M'malo mwake, mumamvekanso mawu monga "chikhululukiro chonse" komanso "palibe umboni wa matenda."

• Kodi Pet Your Mungakhale Bwenzi Panthawi ya Chithandizo?

• Momwe Vitamini D Ingachepetsere Ngozi ya Khansa

Khansa yomwe ingathe "kuchiritsidwa" ndi mankhwala imaphatikizapo ma leukemias ndi maymymia, kansa yoyambirira ya ovarian, ndi zotupa zowopsa zomwe zimapezeka pamene chotupa chikagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati khansa. Carcinoma in situ imatchula khansara yomwe imakhala yoipa kwambiri ( siimapangidwe ndi maselo osakanikirana ) koma sichitha pamimba. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, si khansara "yosautsa". Ambiri mwa khansa, ngakhale omwe ali pa siteji I, adakalibe osokonezeka chifukwa amachoka pamtunda.

Zambiri za njira zothandizira khansa komanso Zosankha

Pali njira zambiri zomwe khansa imathandizira. Kumbukirani kuti mwa njira iliyonse yotsatilayi pangakhale njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana siyana komanso kuti njirazi zingakonzedwe ndi zolinga zosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wina wa mankhwala ochizira matendawa ungagwiritsidwe ntchito monga mankhwala ochizira pamene mtundu wina wa ma radiation ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala ochizira, ngakhale ndi khansa yomweyi. Njira iliyonseyi idzawonjezeredwa pansipa. Njira zothandizira ndizo:

• opaleshoni
• chithandizo cha ma radiation
• chemotherapy
• zovuta zothandizira
• mankhwala ochizira
• immunotherapy
• maselo osuntha
• mayesero a zachipatala
• Njira zina zothandizira khansa

Opaleshoni monga Chithandizo cha Khansa

Ndi zochepa zochepa, monga khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi, opaleshoni imapereka mpata wabwino kwambiri wochizira khansara kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri mwayi umene ungabwererenso. Cholinga cha opaleshoni chikhoza kukhala:

• Kuzindikira khansara - Chiopsezo cha opaleshoni chikhoza kuchotsa mbali ya chotupa, kapena khansara ingachotsedwe kwathunthu, kuti tidziwitse bwino lomwe.
• Khansara yamatenda - Kuyeza khansara-kuwonetsa kuti khansara ndi yaikulu bwanji komanso ikufalikira bwanji-ndikofunikira kwambiri posankha njira zabwino zothandizira khansa. Zambiri zimayambitsa khansa, koma kuyeza kukula kwa chotupa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni ndi chimodzi mwa izi. Kuchita opaleshoni kungakhale yowonjezera kuyang'ana kufalikira kwa khansara pofuna cholinga, mwachitsanzo, kupyolera mu khungu la khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya m'mawere kapena mediastinoscopy ndi khansara yamapapo.
• Matenda a khansa - Pamene khansa yolimba imagwidwa msinkhu, opaleshoni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuchiza khansara. Izi zikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi mankhwala ena monga chemotherapy kapena radiation mankhwala kuti akwaniritse maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe sanachotsedwe panthaŵi ya opaleshoni.
• Chotupa cha Debulk - Mungafunse kuti chifukwa chiyani opaleshoni siigwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zambiri kwa khansa zazikulu zomwe zafalikira. Ndiponsotu, kodi sibwino kuti muchepetse kukula kwa chotupa monga momwe mungathere? Ndi zotupa zowonjezereka kwambiri, monga kansa ya IV ya khansa ya m'mawere, opaleshoni siyendetsedwa, monga mankhwala monga chemotherapy ndi othandiza kwambiri. Pali zosiyana ndi momwe opaleshoni ya "debulking" kapena operekera cytoreduction ikhoza kukhala ndi ubwino wambiri kusiyana ndi zoopsa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi khansa ina ya mazira ambiri, opaleshoni yowonongeka ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa chifuwacho, kuti mankhwala a chemotherapy akhale ogwira mtima musanayambe kusuta mankhwalawa.
• Khansara ya palliate - Kuchita opaleshoni kungapangidwe chifukwa cha zifukwa zomveka. Mwachitsanzo, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchotsa mbali ya chotupa chomwe chikupweteka, kutsekereza, kapena kusokoneza njira zina m'thupi.
• Pewani khansa - Kwa khansa yomwe ili ndi malo otetezeka kwambiri kapena ngati imaganiziridwa kuti wina akhoza kukhala ndi khansa m'deralo la thupi, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti achotse chiwalo pamaso pa khansa. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha chibadwa cha khansa ya m'mawere angasankhe kukhala ndi mastectomy yowononga.

Zowopsa ndi Zotsatira Zake za Opaleshoni ya Khansara - Mofanana ndi mankhwala ena opatsirana khansa, opaleshoni imakhala ndi zoopsa, ndipo ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zoopsazi zikupambana ndi zotsatira zothandizira chithandizo. Zoopsazi zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi mtundu wa chotupa ndi malo, koma zimaphatikizapo kutaya mwazi, matenda, ndi mavuto a anesthesia.

Njira zochizira opaleshoni - Kupita patsogolo pa njira zopangira opaleshoni, monga njira yothetsera vuto lopweteka kwambiri komanso zovuta kwambiri zapitazo, zimalola ochita opaleshoni kuchotsa zotupa ndi zovuta zochepa ndi nthawi yowonongeka mofulumira. Kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni yochepa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza njirazi zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zomwezo zochotsa chotupa, koma zosawonongera zochepa minofu. Chitsanzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya thoracoscopic yothandizira mavidiyo kuchotsa khansa yamapapo, kusiyana ndi thoracotomies yomwe yakhala ikuchitika nthawi zonse. Kuchita opaleshoni yapamwamba ndi chitsanzo china cha njira yapadera yopaleshoni yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Palinso njira zambiri zopangira opaleshoni. Kuchita opaleshoni ya laser kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu a wailesi kuti athetse khansa. Electrosurgery imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi amphamvu a electron, ndipo cryosurgery imagwiritsa ntchito chimfine chomwe chimakhala ngati nayitrogeni yamadzi kuti awononge matumbo.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (mankhwala) kuti athetse thupi la khansa. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti alephere kubereka ndi kubwezeretsa maselo akukula mofulumira, monga maselo a kansa.

Popeza mankhwalawa apangidwa kuti athetse maselo okula mofulumira , amakhala othandiza kwambiri pakukula mofulumira kapena kupweteka kwambiri. Mitundu ya khansara yomwe yakale kwambiri ndi yowopsya komanso yowonongeka nthawi zina imatha kuchiritsidwa ndipo mwina imachiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi othandizira kuti pang'onopang'ono kukula, kapena "zotupa".

Njirayi ikuchititsanso zotsatira zodziwika bwino za mankhwala a chemotherapy. Pali mitundu yambiri ya maselo m'thupi lomwe limakula mofulumira, monga ma follicle, tsitsi, ndi fupa. Popeza chemotherapy imayambitsa maselo aliwonse omwe akukula mofulumira, izi zimapangitsa kuti zidziŵika bwino za tsitsi, kupwetekedwa mtima, ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa .

Cholinga cha chemotherapy chingakhale:

• Kuchiza khansa - Ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi monga leukemias ndi maymymia, chemotherapy angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi cholinga chochiza khansara.
• Adjuvant chemotherapy - Adjuvant chemotherapy ndi chemotherapy yoperekedwa pambuyo pochita opaleshoni kwenikweni "kuyeretsa" maselo alionse a khansa omwe ayenda kupyola chifuwa koma sanaonekebe pa mayesero omwe ife tiri nawo tsopano. Maselo osayendayenda omwe ali ochepa kwambiri kuti asawoneke amatchulidwa kuti micrometastases . Mankhwala a mankhwala a Adjuvant amapangidwa kuti athetse chiopsezo cha khansara.
• Neoadjuvant chemotherapy - Neoadjuvant chemotherapy angaperekedwe musanayambe opaleshoni kuti achepetse kukula kwa chotupa. Ngati chotupa sichitha kugwira ntchito chifukwa cha kukula kwake kapena malo ake, mankhwala a chemotherapy pachikhalidwe ichi angachepetse kukula kwa chifuwa chokwanira kuti opaleshoni ikhoze.
• Kuwonjezera moyo - Chemotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupititsa moyo.
• Mankhwala opatsirana amaphatikizidwe ndi mankhwala othandizira mankhwalawa amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy kuchepetsa zizindikiro za khansara, koma osati kuchiza khansa kapena kupititsa patsogolo moyo.

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe amasiyana mu njira zawo zonse komanso gawo la selo yomwe amachititsa kuti asokoneze. Kawirikawiri mankhwala a chemotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi-chinachake chotchedwa chemotherapy . Maselo a khansa ya munthu aliyense ali ndi zosiyana pazochitika zoberekana ndi kugawa. Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osachepera amodzi kumathandiza kuchiza maselo a khansa pokhapokha ngati ali pa selo.

Chemotherapy angaperekedwe ndi mitsempha (intravenous chemotherapy) pamlomo, piritsi kapena capsule, mwachindunji mumadzi ozizungulira ozungulira ubongo, kapena mu madzi omwe ali pamimba pamimba.

Mavuto ndi zotsatira za chemotherapy - Ambiri amadziwika bwino ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala enaake , monga tsitsi. Mwamwayi, m'zaka zaposachedwapa zithandizo zapangidwa kuti zithetse mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri tsopano ali ndi nseru kapena kusanza kochepa kapena kosafanana ndi kale. Zotsatira zake zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mlingo, ndi thanzi lanu lonse, koma zimaphatikizapo:

• kupweteka tsitsi
• kunyoza ndi kusanza
• kuperewera kwa magazi m'magazi kapena hemoglobin)
• neutropenia (otsika neutrophils, mtundu wa selo loyera la magazi)
• thrombocytopenia (mapiritsi otsika)
• zokhudzana ndi ubongo
• zilonda zam'kamwa
• kusintha kwa kulawa
• Khungu limasintha ndi chigoba chake
• kutsekula m'mimba
• kutopa

Zambiri mwa zotsatirazi zimathetsa posakhalitsa pambuyo pa gawo lanu lomaliza la mankhwala a chemotherapy, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zowawa za mankhwala a chemotherapy . Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndi zina mwa mankhwalawa komanso ngozi yowonjezera ya khansa yachiwiri (monga khansa ya m'magazi) ndi ena. Phindu la mankhwala nthawi zambiri limaposa zonsezi, koma kukhala ndi kuzindikira kungakuthandizeni kukambirana bwino ndi dokotala wanu.

Mankhwala Opanga Mafuta

Mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi (kapena mapuloteni a proton) kuti awononge maselo a kansa. Kusintha kwakukulu kwapangidwa m'mayendedwe awa m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida zowononga khansara.

Mazira angaperekedwe kunja, kumene mazira amatha kuperekedwa ku thupi kuchokera kunja monga makina a X-ray, kapena mkati (brachytherapy) yomwe zipangizo zamagetsi zimayambitsidwira kwadzidzidzi kapena kuikidwa mu thupi.

Mofanana ndi mankhwala ena othandizira khansa, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mazira chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana komanso zolinga zosiyana. Zolinga izi zingakhale:

• Kuchiza khansara - Thupi la radiotherapy (Stereotactic body radiotherapy) (SBRT) lingagwiritsidwe ntchito, mwachitsanzo, pofuna kuyesa khansara yaing'ono imene silingathe kuchitidwa ndi opaleshoni, kapena kuchotseratu mitsempha yodzipatula.
• Monga mankhwala a adjuvant - Njira zamagetsi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pambuyo pochita ma opaleshoni kuti athetse maselo otsala atatha opaleshoni. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa kaya kunja kapena mkati. Chitsanzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radiation ku khoma la chifuwa mutatha kuchipatala.
• Monga chithandizo cha neoadjuvant - Mankhwala othandizira mazira angaphatikizepo ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy kuti achepetse kukula kwa chifuwa asanachitidwe opaleshoni. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala odzoza mazira-nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo mankhwala a chemotherapy-angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kukula kwa kansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mphamvu kotero kuti opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitidwa.
• Mwachidziwitso - Chitsanzo cha mankhwala opatsirana ndi kupereka mankhwala othandizira kuti ubongo ukhale wotetezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo.
• Njira yothandizira ma radiation - Kupatsirana kwa dzuwa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation kuti athetse zizindikiro za khansa koma kuti asachiritse khansara. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kupweteka, kuchepetsa kupanikizika, kapena kuchepetsa zolepheretsa zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa.

Mankhwalawa akhoza kuperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Njira yothandizira kutentha kwapachilengedwe - Kutentha kwapansi kwapakiti kamagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndipo kumaphatikizapo kutsogolera dothi la miyendo yambiri kumalo a malo otupa.
• Njira yothandizira ma radiation (IMRT) - IMRT ndi njira yowunikira mazira kwambiri pa siteti, kuti ma radiation apamwamba aperekedwe mosavuta ku maselo oyandikana nawo.
• Brachytherapy - Brachytherapy, kapena ma radiation mkati, ndiyo njira yomwe mbewu zowonongeka zimayikidwa mu thupi mwina kwa kanthawi kapena kosatha.
• Thupi la radiotherapy (SBRT) yotchedwa stereotactic (SBRT) - SBRT, yomwe imadziwikanso ngati mpeni wa cyber kapena mpeni wa gamma, si opaleshoni, koma kwenikweni njira yotsogolera mazira akuluakulu m'dera laling'ono, ndi cholinga chowononga msanga khansa komanso opaleshoni. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza "oligometastases" -madzi osachepera kapena ochepa m'madera monga mapapo, chiwindi, kapena ubongo wochokera ku khansa ina.
• Thandizo la Proton - Mankhwala a Proton amagwiritsira ntchito mapuloteni a proton omwe amakhala ovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi ma-ray-kuti asamalire matenda omwe sali ochiritsira omwe ali ovuta kuchiza ndi miyendo yeniyeni.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - Miyeso yowonongeka ndi njira imene mazira amatha kuperekedwa m'thupi lonse kudzera m'magazi. Chitsanzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ayodini ya radioactive kuti muzitha mitundu ina ya khansa ya chithokomiro.

Mavuto ndi zotsatira za mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - Kuopsa kwa mankhwala a radiation kumadalira mtundu wina wa ma radiation komanso malo omwe amaperekedwa komanso mlingo umene umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zotsatira zafupipafupi za mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo kufiira (monga kutentha kwa dzuwa), kutentha kwa dera lomwe limalandira ma radiation monga radiation pneumonitis ndi kuwala kwa chifuwa, ndi kutopa. Zizindikiro zamaganizo zimakhalanso zachilendo kwa anthu omwe amatha kuyamwa bwino. Zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za mankhwalawa zimaphatikizapo kupweteka m'deralo komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso khansa yachiwiri.

Zotsatira Zothandizira

Njira zochiritsira ndizo mankhwala omwe amapangidwa kuti apangitse maselo a khansa makamaka, ndipo nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri sichivulaza maselo oyenera. Mankhwala ambiri omwe amavomerezedwa posachedwapa a khansa amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala, ndipo zambiri zikuyesedwa m'mayesero a zamankhwala. Kuwonjezera pa kutchedwa mankhwala othandizira, mankhwalawa angathenso kutchulidwa kuti "mankhwala osokoneza bongo" kapena "mankhwala oyenera."

Zovuta zochiritsidwa zimasiyana ndi chemotherapy m'njira zingapo zofunika. Mosiyana ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe amatsutsana ndi maselo omwe amatha kugawanika mofulumira kapena khansa, njira zochiritsira zogwiritsa ntchito kansalu zimayendera makamaka ma cancer. Mankhwala a chemotherapy amakhalanso a cytotoxic, omwe amatanthauza kuti amapha maselo, pamene amachiza mankhwala nthawi zambiri amawotcha, omwe amatanthauza kukula kwa khansa koma samapha maselo a kansa. Pali mitundu iwiri yambiri ya mankhwala othandizira:

• Mankhwala a mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono - Mankhwala am'kamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amatha kupita mkati mwa kansalu ya kansa ndi kulondolera mapuloteni omwe amaphatikizapo kukula kwa selo. Iwo amatha kuletsa zizindikiro zomwe zimauza maselo kuti agawane ndi kukula. Mankhwala awa amadziwika ndi chokwanira "ib" monga erlotinib.
• Mankhwala a monoclonal - Mankhwala a monoclonal ali ofanana ndi ma antibodies omwe matupi athu amapanga poyang'ana mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Mosiyana ndi ma antibodies amenewa, ma antibodies monoclonal ndi "man-made" antibodies, ndipo mmalo molimbana ndi mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya, amalowetsa chiwerengero cha maselo (mapuloteni) omwe ali pamwamba pa maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amatenga "mab" monga bevacizumab.

Pali njira zinayi zazikulu zomwe mankhwala omwe akuwongolerawa amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi khansa. Angathe:

• Osagwirizana ndi kukula kwa mitsempha yatsopano. Mankhwalawa amatchedwa angiogenesis inhibitors , makamaka njala yachisokonezo mwa kusokoneza magazi ake.
• Lembani zizindikiro mkati kapena kunja kwa selo zomwe zimanena kuti selo ligawane ndi kukula.
• Perekani payipi "payload" ku chotupacho.
• Chititsani chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chichotsere maselo a khansa.

Mavuto ndi zotsatira za mankhwala othandizira - Ngakhale mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta kuposa mankhwala a chemotherapy, amakhala ndi zotsatirapo. Ambiri a mankhwala ochepa a molekyu amatsitsidwa ndi chiwindi ndipo amatha kuyaka chiwalo chimenecho. Nthawi zina mapuloteni amapezeka m'maselo abwino. Mwachitsanzo, mapuloteni otchedwa EGFR amadziwika kwambiri ndi khansa zina. EGFR imasonyezanso ndi maselo ena a khungu ndi maselo a m'mimba. Mankhwala osokoneza EGFR angasokoneze kukula kwa maselo a kansa, komanso amachititseni kutsegula m'mimba komanso kutentha kwa khungu. Angiogenesis inhibitors, popeza amachepetsa mapangidwe atsopano a mitsempha yambiri, akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira za magazi.

Mukapezeka kuti, dokotala wanu akhoza kupanga mapulojekiti (gene profiling) kuti adziwe ngati chotupachi chikhoza kuchitapo kanthu mwa mankhwalawa.

Thandizo la Hormonal

Khansa monga kansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya prostate imayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, estrogen ikhoza kuyambitsa khansa ya m'mawere (estrogen receptor yabwino khansa ya m'mawere) ndipo testosterone ingayambe kukula kwa kansa ya prostate. Mwa njira iyi, mahomoni amachititsa ngati mafuta pamoto kuti athe kukula kwa khansa. Mankhwala otchedwa hormone-omwe amatchedwanso endocrine mankhwala-kulepheretsa zotsatirazi zochititsa chidwi za mahomoni kuti asiye kukula kwa khansa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kudzera mu mapiritsi a m'kamwa, kudzera mu jekeseni, kapena kudzera mu opaleshoni ndi cholinga cho:

• Koperani khansa - Mankhwala otchedwa hormone angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti asiye kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwa zotupa zamadzimadzi. Matenda onse a estrogen ndi progesterone amachititsa kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere ndi testosterone zimatha kuyambitsa khansa zina za prostate.
• Kuteteza khansa - Chitsanzo cha kupewa matenda a khansa chingakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Tamoxifen kwa munthu amene ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa ya m'mawere ndi chiyembekezo chakuti mankhwalawa amachepetsa chiopsezo kuti khansa idzayamba.
• Pewani chiopsezo cha kubwereza (kuchepetsani mwayi kuti khansa idzabweranso.)
• Chitani zizindikiro za khansa.

Mankhwala am'thupi angagwiritsidwe ntchito poletsa kutulutsa mahomoni, kapena kuteteza mphamvu ya mahomoni kuti igwirizane ndi maselo a khansa. Opaleshoni ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mankhwala a mahomoni. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa opaleshoni ya makoswe kungachepetse kwambiri kuti testosterone ipangidwe mu thupi ndi kuchotsa mazira oophorectomy angalepheretse kupanga estrogen. Nkhani zotsatirazi zikufufuza za mahomoni kwa khansa mozama kwambiri.

• Thandizo la mahomoni la khansa ya m'mawere yotchedwa estrogen receptor
• Thandizo la mahomoni kwa amuna omwe ali ndi khansa ya prostate

Mavuto ndi zotsatira za mankhwala ophera mahomoni - Zotsatira zambiri za mankhwalawa, monga anti-estrogens, androgen deprivation treatment, ndi opaleshoni, zimagwirizana ndi kupezeka kwa mahomoni omwe amapezeka mthupi mwathu. Mwachitsanzo, kuchotsa mazira, ndipo motero kuchepetsa estrogen, kukhoza kutentha ndi kutentha kwa amayi.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy ndi njira yatsopano yosamalira khansara ndipo idatchulidwa kuti Asociation for Clinical Oncology patsogolo pa chaka cha 2016. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya immunotherapy, koma chidziwitso ndi chakuti mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito posintha mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha thupi kapena pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chitetezo cha mthupi kuti amenyane ndi khansa.

Mitundu ina ya immunotherapy ndi:

• Mankhwala a monoclonal - Mankhwala a monoclonal amagwira ntchito ngati ma antibodies omwe timapanga kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mabakiteriya, koma m'malo momangirira tizilombo tina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amagwiritsira ntchito mfundo zina (antigen) pa maselo a kansa. Pochita izi akhoza kutseka chizindikiro kwa kansalu ya khansa ikuwuza kuti ikule, "tagani" khungu la khansa kuti maselo ena a mthupi angapezeke ndi kuukiridwa, kapena mmalo mwake, akhoza kukhala pa "payload" -magetsi mankhwala kapena tinthu tomwe timayambitsa matenda a khansa.
• Matenda a chitetezo cha m'mthupi - Magulu athu a chitetezo cha mthupi amadziwa momwe angamenyane ndi maselo a khansa. Mavitamini otetezedwa ndi ma chitetezo a m'madzi amagwira ntchito pochotsa mabakiteriya kuti athe kugwira ntchito yomwe akufuna kuti achite-polimbana ndi khansa.
• Zochizira zamatenda T - Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito potenga gulu laling'ono la maselo T omwe muli nawo kuti mumenyane ndi khansa yeniyeni, ndikuchulukitsa.
• Mavairasi Oopsya - Mosiyana ndi mavairasi omwe amachititsa thupi lathu kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga chimfine, mavairasiwa amapangidwa kuti alowe mu maselo a khansa ndi kuchita ngati dynamite, kuwononga kansalu ya khansa.
• Katemera wa kansalu - Mosiyana ndi katemera omwe mwalandira kuti muteteze tetanasi kapena chimfine, katemera wa khansa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maselo otupa kapena zinthu zopangidwa ndi maselo otupa kuti athetse khansa yomwe ilipo kale.
• Cytokines - Njira zoyamba kugwiritsira ntchito, ma cytokines, kuphatikizapo interleukins ndi interferons, zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kwa owononga, kuphatikizapo khansa.

Nkhani yotsatira ikulongosola njira zonsezi mozama komanso mmene ma chitetezo a mthupi lathu amagwirira ntchito polimbana ndi khansa:

• Immunotherapy 101: Zomwe ziri ndi momwe Zimagwirira ntchito

Zowopsa ndi zotsatira za matenda a immunotherapy - Zotsatira zoyipa za immunotherapy nthawi zambiri zomwe mungayembekezere chifukwa chokhala ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi. Mankhwalawa amavomereza ndi ena mwa mankhwalawa, ndipo mankhwala kuti achepetse zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi imodzimodzimodzi ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala. Kutupa kumakhala kofala, ndipo pali kunena kuti zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha ndi "itis." Mwachitsanzo, pneumonitis imatanthawuza kutupa kwa mapapu okhudzana ndi mankhwalawa.

Kusintha kwa Cell Shina

Maselo a tsinde amatha kusintha , mosiyana ndi kuika thupi lolimba monga kupatsirana kwa impso, m'malo mwa maselo amkati. Maselo otchedwa hematopoietic stem maselo ndiwo maselo oyambirira omwe amatha kusiyanitsa m'magazi onse a thupi kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a m'magazi, maselo oyera a magazi, ndi mapuloletsiti.

Mwa njirayi, mankhwala okwera kwambiri a mankhwala a chemotherapy kuphatikizapo maizoni amaperekedwa kuti awononge maselo mu fupa. Pambuyo pake, maselo amkati amalowetsedwa mwa njira imodzi. Mu katsulo kakang'ono ka autologous, maselo a munthu amachotsedwa asanafike chemotherapy ndiyeno m'malo mwake. Mu kusakanikirana kwa maselo a m'magazi, maselo amtundu wochokera kwa wopereka wogwirizanitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti alowe m'malo mwa maselo. Maselo opangira maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamatenda a leukemias, maimymphomas, myeloma, ndi zilonda zamagulu.

Mayesero Amakono

Pali nthano zambiri zokhudzana ndi mayesero a kachipatala , koma zoona ndizakuti mankhwala aliwonse omwe alipo tsopano omwe alipo a khansa adaphunzirapo muyeso la mankhwala. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti, ndi kupita patsogolo kwafukufuku wa khansa, mayesero a kliniki akhala akusintha. Poyamba m'mbuyomo gawo la mayesero (mayesero oyambirira omwe amachitidwa chithandizo mwa anthu) kawirikawiri anali "njira yotsiriza" ndipo sitingathe kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi khansa, mayesero omwewo angayambe nthawi yomweyo kuti apereke zowoneka zokhazokha chithandizo cha khansa. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti ambiri mwa mankhwalawa atsopano ndiwongolinganiziridwa kuti awone zovuta zina za maselo zomwe ziri mu maselo ena a khansa. Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ayenera kuganizira zochitika zachipatala pamene akupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi khansa.

Chitsanzo chili ndi mawu chikwi. Mu 2015, panali mankhwala asanu ndi limodzi atsopano (mankhwala ochiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo) omwe amavomerezedwa kuti azisamalira khansa ya m'mapapo. Mankhwalawa anavomerezedwa pamene anapezeka apamwamba kuposa mankhwala omwe tinali nawo panthawiyo. Chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu, mu 2014, anthu okhawo omwe angalandire mankhwala atsopano ndi abwino ndi omwe adagwira nawo mayesero.

Njira Zothandizira Khansa / Njira Zowonjezera

Tikukumva zambiri zokhudza njira zina zothandizira, ndipo ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa amapereka mankhwala awa othandizira khansa , koma kodi ndi gawo liti limene angagwire pa kasamalidwe ka kansa yanu ? Pali umboni wochepa wosonyeza kuti iliyonse mwa mankhwalawa ikhoza kuchiza khansa kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwake, koma pali umboni wosonyeza kuti zina mwa izi zingathandize anthu kuthana ndi zizindikiro za khansa ndi mankhwala a khansa. Zina mwa mankhwala othandizirawa ndi awa:

• kuwombera
• kuchiritsa misala
• kusinkhasinkha
• yoga
• Qigong
• kuchiritsa machiritso
• machiritso a pet
• mankhwala oimba
• chithandizo chamakono
• pemphero

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti palibe njira zina zochiritsira zomwe zapezeka kuti zathandizira kuchiza kansalu komanso kuti cholinga chawo chiyenera kukhala kuchiza matenda a khansa.

Kupanga Chisankho - Kusankha Chithandizo cha Khansa Chabwino Kwambiri Kwa Inu

Mutha kumangokhalira kudandaula pamene mukuwerenga za kuchuluka kwa chithandizo cha khansa pakali pano. Kodi mungasankhe bwanji zinthu zomwe mungachite bwino? Nazi njira zingapo zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukutsogolerani pa chisankho chanu.

1. Fotokozani zolinga za mankhwala anu . Kodi cholinga chanu kuchiza khansara yanu, kupititsa patsogolo moyo wanu, kapena m'malo moonjezera moyo wanu ndi nthawi yomwe mwasiya.
2. Lembani zonse zomwe mungasankhe.
3. Ganizirani zotsatirapo za mankhwala otheka.
4. Funsani mafunso ndikuchita kafukufuku - Ndizothandiza kukhala ndi buku lothandizira pamene mukupezeka kuti muli ndi khansa. Lembani mafunso kuti mufunse wanu oncologist ndikubweretsa mafunsowa kuti muwone kuti ayankhidwa. Tikukhala mu nthawi imene anthu angapeze zambiri zachipatala pa intaneti, koma sizinali zodalirika. Phunzirani momwe mungapezere uthenga wabwino wa khansa pa Intaneti ndi kufufuza kwanu. Kafukufuku amatiuza kuti kuphunzira za khansara kungakuthandizeni kuthana ndi vutoli komanso kungakhale ndi gawo pa zotsatira zanu.
5. Ganizirani mozama kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri . Izi zikhoza kukupatsani zina zomwe mungasankhe, koma kukhala ndi malingalirowa kungakulimbikitseni kuti mukusankha njira yoyenera ya chithandizo. Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri (kapena lachitatu kapena lachinai) pa chimodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za National Cancer Institute-malo opatsirana ndi khansa kumene mumapezeka kupeza dokotala yemwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi mtundu wanu wa khansa.
6. Lankhulani ndi oncologist wanu, banja lanu, ndi anzanu. Mungafune kufunsa wanu oncologist zomwe angachite atapatsidwa matenda omwewo. Anthu ambiri apeza kuti chitukuko ndi malo abwino kwambiri othandizira ndi maphunziro. Musanayambe pa Intaneti, dziwani bwino nkhani zachinsinsi ndi zachikhalidwe ndi khansa .
7. Khalani woimira wanu - Ngakhale ndinu wamanyazi ndipo muli ndi vuto lodziyimira nokha, phunzirani momwe mungadzitetezere nokha ngati wodwala khansa .
8. Ganizirani zomwe mungasankhe.

Mukamapanga chisankho chanu, mumamva maganizo ambiri ochokera kwa anzanu komanso abwenzi anu. Maganizo awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kukuthandizani kuganizira za njira zosiyanasiyana, koma zingathe kuyambitsa kukangana pamene mamembala sakugwirizana. Pamapeto pake, muyenera kupanga chisankho chomwe chili chabwino kwa inu nokha.

Mafunso Ofunsani Ponena za Chithandizo cha Khansa

Kubweretsa mndandanda wa mafunso ku malo anu otsogolera kungathandize kuti mupeze mayankho omwe mukufuna. Onetsetsani mafunso awa ndikuwonjezerani nokha pamene akubwera m'maganizo.

• Kodi ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungandipangire khansara yokhudzana ndi zosowa zanga?
• Nchifukwa chiyani mumalimbikitsa aliyense wa mankhwalawa?
• Kodi mungasankhe chiyani chachiwiri pakati pa zosankha zanga?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe mungasankhe ngati mukuchita ndi khansa yanu?
• Kodi zotsatira zake zingakhale zotani-nthawi yayitali komanso nthawi yayitali-mankhwalawa?
• Kodi alipo aliyense amene ndingamuyankhule naye yemwe walandira mankhwalawa?
• Kodi pali mayesero aliwonse omwe angakhale opindulitsa kwa ine?
• Kodi sitepe yotsatira ndi iti ngati mankhwalawa sakugwira ntchito?

Kuteteza Thupi Lanu Pakati pa Chithandizo cha Khansa

Tangoyamba kuphunzira za udindo wa zakudya zothandizira khansa. Tikudziwa kuti zakudya zabwino komanso zolimbitsa thupi zimathandiza kuti zinthu zikhale bwino, ndipo nthawi zina zimapangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wabwino. Mwamwayi, zina mwa mankhwala omwe alipo kwa khansa akhoza kuwonjezerapo-mmalo mochepetsera-kutha kwanu kuti mupeze zakudya zabwino.

Ngakhale kuti zakudya zam'mbuyomu zapadera zinkasamalidwe kwambiri, akatswiri ambiri a zachuma amaona kuti kudya zakudya zabwino ndi mbali ya mankhwala opatsirana khansa. Chakudya chabwino chingathandize anthu kulekerera mankhwalawa bwino ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi gawo pa zotsatira. Zangotenga posachedwapa kuti matenda a khansa , matenda okhudzana ndi kulemera kwa thupi ndi kupwetekedwa kwa minofu, akuwongolera mwachindunji 20 peresenti ya kufa kwa khansa. Ngakhale sitikudziwa kuti zakudya zabwino zothetsera matendawa ndi zotani, izi zimalimbikitsa kufunika kwa zakudya zabwino.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zosowa zanu pazithandizo zanu. Malo ena a khansa ali ndi zakudya zokwanira pa ogwira ntchito omwe angakuthandizeni, ndipo ena amapereka maphunziro pa zakudya ndi khansa. Ambiri a oncologist amalimbikitsa kuti mupeze zakudya zomwe mukufunikira makamaka kudzera mu zakudya komanso osapatsirana. Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ena a khansa angayambitse mavitamini, pali vuto kuti mavitamini ndi mineral owonjezera amatha kusokoneza matenda a khansa .

Mawu Ochokera

Ndi kuchuluka kwa zosankha zomwe zilipo tsopano kuti zithetse khansa, zingakhale zovuta kusankha mankhwala omwe ndi abwino kwambiri kwa inu. Onaninso njira zomwe mukupanga popanga zisankho zam'mwamba. Moyo ukhoza kukhala wovuta pamene mukuwonjezera chithandizo cha khansa kuntchito zanu zokhudzana ndi tsiku ndi tsiku. Yesetsani kwa achibale anu ndi abwenzi ndikuvomereza thandizo. Okonda nthawi zambiri amanena kuti mbali yovuta kwambiri yokhudzana ndi khansa kwa wokondedwa wawo ndiyo mphamvu yawo yopanda thandizo. Popempha chithandizo musamachepetse katundu wanu koma kambiranani zosowa za okondedwa anu.

Yesetsani kupeza thandizo kuchokera kwa ena omwe akukumana ndi matenda omwewo, kaya mumudzi wanu kapena pa intaneti. Pakalipano pali magulu ambiri othandizira ndi anthu omwe akuthandizira padziko lapansi, kotero kuti ngakhale mutakhala ndi khansa yosawerengeka, simuyenera kukhala nokha.

Chofunika koposa, khalani ndi chiyembekezo. Mankhwala othandiza khansa-komanso kupulumuka-akukula. Akuti anthu opulumuka ndi khansa okwana 15 miliyoni ku United States okha, ndipo nambala imeneyi ikukula. Sikuti anthu ambiri amakhalabe ndi khansa, koma ambiri akukula, ndi cholinga chatsopano ndi kuyamikira moyo pambuyo pa khansa.

_Zotsatira:

_{American Society of Clinical Oncology. Kusankha Zochita Ponena za Chithandizo cha Khansa. Kusinthidwa 11/2015. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/making-decisions-about-cancer-treatment}

_{Mapulaneti J, Hughes J, Farrington N, Richardson A. Kuchiza Khansa Kukonza Zosankha kwa Okalamba Okalamba ndi Zosowa Zofunikira: Phunziro loyenerera. BMJ Open . 2015. 5 (12): e009674.}

_{National Cancer Institute. Mitundu ya Kuchiza Khansa. Kusinthidwa 04/29/15. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types}