Khansara imakhudza kwambiri anthu, anthu komanso anthu onse, ndipo imakhalabe imodzi mwa matenda oopa kwambiri komanso ovuta. American Cancer Society ikuganiza kuti pafupifupi 1,7 miliyoni anthu adzapezeka ndi khansa ku US mu 2017. Chaka chino, anthu opitirira 600,000 amafa chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa.
Ngakhale kuti nthaŵi zina mayiko amajambula zithunzi zosautsa mtima, asayansi akhala akupita patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwapa. Zipangizo zamakono zatsopano zamakono zimayesedwa ndipo zakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zimabweretsa chiyembekezo chatsopano kwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa. Kwazaka 10 zapitazi, chiŵerengero cha imfa ya khansa chachepa kwambiri. Komanso, chifukwa cha Chitetezo cha Odwala ndi Affordable Care Act, mwayi wopezera chisamaliro wapambana pakati pa magulu omwe kale anali osagonjetsedwa a ku America.
Nanoparticle Generator Kuti Zibweretse Zokwanira za Khansa
Nkhani yomwe inafalitsidwa mu Nature Biotechnology mu March chaka chatha inalongosola njira yatsopano yopatsira khansa mankhwala. Asayansi ochokera ku Houston Methodists Research Institute anali oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito jekeseni ya nanoparticle (iNPG) yomwe inatha kuthetsa zolepheretsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuyesa kuti chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa chifike pamimba. Mayesero anagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu a kansalu a khansa ya m'mawere yomwe inalandira chizolowezi chemotherapy mankhwala (doxorubicin).
Mankhwalawa anali opangidwa mu porous silicon zakuthupi ndipo ankayenda m'magazi kuti afike chotupa cha khansa, kumene silicon inatha. Izi zinathandiza nanoparticles kupha maselo a kansa. Makamaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi mpaka 50 peresenti ya makoswe ochiritsidwa ankachiritsidwa, ndipo gulu lofufuza linanena kuti zotsatira zodabwitsa za njira zatsopano zoperekera mankhwala.
Ziyesero pa anthu zakonzedwa, ndipo asayansi akuyembekeza kuti angagwiritse ntchito makinawa kuti akwaniritse khansa ya m'magazi yamapapo ndi chiwindi.
Akatswiri opanga khansa komanso khansa amapanga njira zina zomwe zingawathandize kuthana ndi khansa. Mwachitsanzo, zipangizo zosiyana siyana zomwe zimatha kutenga kuwala kwapafupi ndizomwe zimayesedwa ngati mbali ya khansa ya photothermal. Ma nanomaterial awa akhoza kuphatikizapo golidi, mkuwa ndi carbon. Amatenga kuwala ndi kupanga kutentha, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa ya maselo a khansa. Asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Nanjing Forestry ku China tsopano apanga nanocomposite yodabwitsa kwambiri. Njira yawo imathetsa nkhaŵa za poizoni wa nthawi yayitali ya photothermal zipangizo. Zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa ku mayeso a kachipatala a chemo ndi mankhwala a photothermal, opereka mankhwala atsopano wothandizira khansa.
Bwerezerani Maselo Omwe Amati Akupha Khansa
Immunotherapy ikukhala ngati nthambi yatsopano ya mankhwala opatsirana khansa yomwe ingathandize odwala omwe ali ndi khansa yosapulumutsidwa kale. Pulofesa Waseem Qasim wochokera ku Great Ormond Street Hospital ku London, UK, akulongosola kuti madokotala akhoza kale kugwiritsira maselo ku chitetezo cha mthupi, kubwezeretsanso maselo awo ndi kuwabwezeretsa kwa wodwalayo.
Maselo akhoza kukonzedwanso kuti aphe khansa komanso "kuloweza" maselo a khansa ngati atabwerera. Maselo apachilombo otetezedwa amagwiritsidwa kale ntchito pochiza khansa ya m'magazi yamphongo. Tsopano, mankhwalawa akuwonetsedwanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya magazi. Gulu lofufuzira limene linatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa Stanley Riddell ku Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center ku Seattle athandiza odwala 27 pa 29 ali ndi matenda oopsa a khansa ya m'magazi omwe sanachitepo kanthu pa mankhwala ochiritsira. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi amatha kuchiritsa khansara akadakali wamng'ono, koma madokotala amasangalala ndi kuthekera kwa mphamvu za maselo aumunthu opangidwa ndi maselo.
Mitundu yatsopano ya khansa imakhala ikuwonjezeka nthawi zonse ku mndandanda wa khansa yomwe imapezeka kuti imatuluka m'madzi. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa pa May 2 mu nyuzipepala ya Cancer ikusonyeza kuti imadzi amatha kupambana ndi khansa ya khansa yomwe imabwera m'magulu ambiri. Komabe, pali zina zomwe zimawopsa kuti munthu atenge jekeseni, atayikidwa jekeseni, maselo opangidwanso amatha kukhala m'thupi ndikupitiriza kufunafuna maselo kuti awonongeke. Asayansi ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti maselo osungunukawa amatsatira maselo osayenera komanso sawononga minofu yathanzi. Choncho, njirayi ikukhazikitsidwa nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, Riddell ndi anzake akugwira kale ntchito yopanga mbadwo watsopano wa T-cells, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kuti zikhale zotetezeka ndipo zidzasokoneza zotsatira zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana.
Njira zina zomwe zingapangitse kuti chithandizo cha khansa ndi kuchepetsa mavuto omwe akukumana nawo zikupangidwanso m'mayendedwe a biology. Asayansi amaphatikizapo chidziwitso cha sayansi ndi sayansi ya zamoyo kuti apange zamoyo zomwe zasintha zomwe zingathe kuwononga maselo a kansa. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa amasonyeza kuti mabakiteriya ena amakhala mkati mwa zotupa. Gulu lotsogoleredwa ndi Jeff Hasty wa ku yunivesite ya California, ku San Diego, linapangika mabakiteriya a Salmonella omwe anali ndi malangizo okhudza chibadwa. Bakiteriya, omwe si owopsa kwa anthu, amayenda mumtsinje wa magazi ndipo amakopeka ndi chotupacho. Zapangidwa kuti zipangitse mankhwala a khansa ndi kuziyika mkatikati mwa khansara. Pambuyo pomaliza ntchitoyi, izi zimangowonongeka, kuthetsa nkhawa za zotsatirapo.
Njira ina yowononga maselo a khansa ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito katemera ngati njira yomwe inayamba ku Cuba. Mankhwalawa samachiza khansara pa se se, koma imasandulika kukhala mawonekedwe omwe angathe kulamulidwa, ofanana ndi machitidwe opatsirana omwe akudwala matenda ena. Mu 2010, a FDA adavomereza katemera wa khansa yomwe imayambitsa kansa ya prostate. Mu 2015, katemera winanso wothandizira amavomerezedwa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi odwala ena a metastatic melanoma. Katemera wina wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ikupangidwanso, komanso-katemera monga katemera kapena katemera woteteza. Mndandanda ulipo kuchokera ku National Cancer Institute.
App New kwa Khansa Odwala omwe Angakhale Mankhwala Kuchiza
Kupeza kansa ya matenda a khansa kumakhala kovuta ndipo kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wosokonezeka. Mukapezeka, munthu akukumana ndi dziko latsopano komanso lachilendo. Iye amafunika kuphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito "zachilendo" zatsopano. Chithandizo cha khansa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kawirikawiri, amafunika kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo. Kupatsidwa kwa adokotala ndi maulendo a chipatala kumakhala mbali ya chizoloŵezi chatsopano, ndipo moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku ukhoza kulamulidwa ndi kusintha kofunikira. Pofuna kuthandiza odwala ndi mabanja awo omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi vutoli, katswiri wina wa ku Australia, Dr. Nikhil Pooviah, adalenga ntchito yatsopano yotchedwa CancerAid.
Pulogalamu ya CancerAid ikufuna kulimbikitsa odwala khansa paulendo wawo komanso kusamalira anthu awo. Amapereka mauthenga okhudza chithandizo cha mankhwala ndi njira zoyang'anira, ndipo amapereka njira yokonzekera ndi kulemba momwe munthuyo amathandizira komanso mankhwala ake. Pulogalamuyo imabweranso ndi maola 24 a telemedicine omwe amalola odwala kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala ndi maganizo nthawi iliyonse ya usana kapena usiku. Pulogalamu yaulere tsopano ilipo kale kwa odwala ndipo ikukonzekera miyoyo ya odwala khansa ndi mabanja awo kudutsa lonse lapansi.
> Zosowa
> Pollack S, He Q, Yearley J, ndi al. T-cell infiltration ndi clonality amagwirizana ndi programmededini maselo imfa mapuloteni 1 ndipo analinganiza imfa-ligand 1 mawu kwa odwala ndi minofu zofewa mitsempha. Khansara , 2017; lembani: 10.1002 / cncr.30726
> Siegel R, Miller K, Jemal A. Kafukufuku wa Khansa, 2017. CA: Cancer Journal for Clinicians , 2017; 67 (1): 7-30.
> Turtle C, Riddell S, Maloney D. Dokotala wa CD19-Targeted chimeric antigen receptor, omwe amasinthidwa ndi T-cell immunotherapy kwa B-cell malignancies. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics , 2016; 100 (3): 252-258
> Xia B, Wang B, Li J, et al. Chinthu chokwanira chokwanira: Photothermal ndi biodegradable polyaniline / porous silicon wosakanizidwa osakanikirana ngati othandizira mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chophatikizidwa pamodzi ndi mankhwala a khansa. Acta Biomaterialia , 2017; 51: 197-208.
> Xu R, Zhang G, Shen H, et al. Jekeseni wa nanoparticle yowonjezera imapangitsa kuti athane ndi matenda a khansa. Nature Biotechnology , 2016; 34 (4): 414-418.