Zifukwa Zomwe Khansa Imabwerera Patatha Zaka Zokukhululukira
Ngakhale mankhwala monga opaleshoni , chemotherapy , ndi mankhwala opatsirana , nthawi zambiri khansa imabwereranso. Ndipo ngakhale kuti khansa zambiri zimabwereranso zaka 5 zoyambirira, ambirife timadziwa za munthu amene adakhalabe ndi khansa kwazaka zambiri ngakhale zaka makumi angapo asanafike khansa yawo. Nchifukwa chiyani ena khansa amabwerera, ndipo izi zimachitika motani?
Kufunika Kodziwa Chifukwa Chake Cancers Akubwereranso
Pofunsa chifukwa chake khansa imabwereranso, tikufunsapo mafunso ofunikira kwambiri lero.
Nthaŵi zambiri kubwereza, monga khansa ya m'mawere, ndizovuta. Khansara yoyamba yomwe inali sitepe 1 kapena siteji yachiwiri tsopano ndi siteji 4 kapena metastatic. Popeza kuti oposa 90 peresenti ya imfa ya khansa imachitika chifukwa cha metastases, ichi ndi funso lofunika kwambiri.
Mankhwala ambiri omwe timagwiritsira ntchito khansa ndikuteteza kuti maselo a khansa asapitirize "kupeza mwayi wobisala." Ichi ndicho chifukwa cha "adjuvant chemotherapy" yomwe yapatsidwa kwa khansa ya m'mawere ndi mapapo, chifukwa chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti awononge maselo othawa. Koma pa chifukwa china, nthawi zambiri, maselo atsalira kumbuyo. Ngakhale atakhalabe, komabe amakhala kuti? Nchifukwa chiyani maselo ena a khansa sawoneka ngati alibe kanthu kwa zaka makumi awiri ndikuyamba kukula? Tiyeni tione ena a mafunso awa, koma choyamba kumathandiza kufotokoza mawu omwe tidzakhala nawo.
Kubwereza Kwachidule Kwambiri Zokhudza Kansa
Poyankhula za khansara kubwerera kumathandizira kufotokoza ndendende zomwe zimabwereza, komanso mau ena ochepa.
- Kubwereza . Kusintha kwa khansa kumatanthawuza khansa yomwe imabwerera (kubwerera, kubwereranso, kapena kubwerera) pambuyo pa nthawi yomwe khansara yatha (makamaka kutanthauza kuti palibe umboni wa matenda (NED) ndipo khansa sichipezeka pa Kuwunika.) Ngakhale kuti palibe ndondomeko yeniyeni yeniyeni yomwe imayenera kudutsa pamene wina alibe khansara ndipo pamene khansa imaonedwa kuti ikubwereranso, ambiri okhulupirira zachuma amakhulupirira kuti khansa yomwe imabwerera mkati mwa miyezi itatu ndiyomwe ikupita m'malo mobwerezabwereza.
- Kupititsa patsogolo (Matenda Owonjezeka - PD) . Kukula kwa khansa kumatanthawuza khansa yomwe ikuipiraipira ndipo yawonjezeka pafupifupi 20 peresenti mu kukula kapena yafalitsidwa pambuyo chithandizo.
- Yankho lapadera - Yankho lapadera la mankhwala limatanthawuza kuti chotupa chicheperachepera 30 peresenti mu kukula, koma sizimachoka kwathunthu monga momwe tawonera pa kafukufuku wa kuchipatala kapena pa scans. Izi zimatchedwanso kutengeka pang'ono.
- Matenda Otetezeka . Nthenda yotetezeka, yomwe imatchedwanso static disease, imatanthawuza kuti chotupa sichikula kapena chikuchepa kwambiri. Kumatanthawuzanso kuti palibe zotupa zatsopano komanso kuti chotupacho sichinafalikire kumadera atsopano a thupi. Chotupacho sichinawonjezeke mokwanira kutchedwa matenda opititsa patsogolo (kukula kwa 20 peresenti kapena kuposerapo) kapena kutsika mokwanira kuti kutchedwa yankho lachigawo (osachepera 30 peresenti ya kuchepa.)
- Yankhani Zonse . Kuyankha kwathunthu kapena kukonzanso kwathunthu kumatanthauza chinthu chimodzimodzi monga kukhululukidwa kwathunthu kapena NED (palibe umboni wa matenda). Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe chotupa chokhacho chomwe chingathe kupezeka pa kuyesedwa kwa thupi, ndi zofufuzidwa, kapena ndi kuyezetsa magazi, koma sizikutanthauza khansara anachiritsidwa.
- Chikhululukiro . Kukhululukidwa sikukutanthauza kuti khansara imachiritsidwa, koma kumatanthauza kuti kulibe matenda. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kukhululukidwa. Mu chikhululukiro chathunthu , khansara silingakhoze kupezeka mwa kuyesedwa kwa thupi kapena kupyolera mu masayansi. Mu kukhululukidwa pang'ono , khansayo ikawonekabe koma yayamba kukula.
- Palibe Umboni wa Matenda (NED) . NED imatanthauzidwa mofanana ndi chikhululukiro chathunthu - khansara sichikhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi mayesero alionse kapena kuyesedwa.
- Kubwerezabwereza - Mawu akuti kubwereza amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha ndi kubwereza.
N'chifukwa Chiyani Khansa Zina Zimabweranso?
Chifukwa chakuti kubwereza ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kudwala (matenda) ndi imfa (khansa), kumvetsa chifukwa chake khansa kubwerera ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti lipitirire kukhala ndi moyo kwa odwala khansa. Tikuyembekeza kuti, monga momwe chidziwitso chimawonekera m'dera lino, kuchulukitsa kwa khansa ambiri kudzawonjezeka.
Ndikofunika kuyamba ndi kunena kuti zimangotenga maselo angapo a khansa yotsalira pambuyo pa chithandizo kuti khansayo ibwerere.
Zimatengera mamiliyoni ambiri a maselo a khansa palimodzi kuti apange chotupa chomwe chingakhoze kuzindikiridwa ngakhale njira zamakono zojambula.
Nanga Bwanji Kuchita Opaleshoni ndi Njira Zamakono Zooneka Ngati Zopambana?
Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ndi majezi omveka pa lipoti lanu la matenda , ndipo ngati sndingathe kusonyeza umboni wa khansara, zingakhale zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake khansara ikhoza kubwerera. Ngakhale ngakhale palibe maselo a khansa omwe amawoneka pamphepete mwa chotupa, maselo ena a khansa akhoza kale kufalikira kudzera m'kati mwa maselo amkati, kapena m'magazi ena omwe ali pafupi. Maselo a khansa omwe sapezeka, amatchulidwa kuti micrometastases .
Mankhwala onse opaleshoni ndi ma radiation amaonedwa kuti "mankhwala am'deralo." Choncho iwo samachiza maselo a khansa omwe adayendayenda kupyola kuchipatala. Kuphatikizanso apo, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa sangaphe onse maselo a kansa. Maizoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DNA yovulaza m'ma maselo onse a khansa ndi maselo obadwa. Monga maselo ochiritsira amatha kupeza mphamvu zamtunduwu, mawere a khansa akhoza "kuchira". Chifukwa chakuti micrometastases ndi chifukwa chakuti anthu ena amalandira mankhwala a adjuvant chemthritism ----------------------- chemotherapy omwe amaperekedwa pambuyo pomaliza mankhwalawa ndi opaleshoni kapena radiotherapy kuonetsetsa kuti micrometastases yatha.
Kodi Chemotherapy Singawononge Magulu Onse a Khansa?
Chemotherapy, mosiyana ndi opaleshoni komanso mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, amaonedwa kuti ndi njira yothandizira, yomwe siikonzedwa kuti ikhale ndi maselo a khansa pafupi ndi chotupa koma kuchotseratu maselo a khansa omwe afalikira kupyola mthupi la munthu amene amachitidwa opaleshoni ndi mazira. Ndiye n'chifukwa chiyani mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha kupha maselo onse a khansa m'thupi? Kuti mumvetse yankho la funsoli, nkofunika kumvetsetsa pang'ono za momwe chemotherapy imagwirira ntchito. Mankhwala ambiri a chemotherapy amagwira ntchito panthawi inayake yopatukana. Sikuti maselo onse a khansa akugawidwa nthawi zonse, komanso maselo omwe sagawanika, kapena ali pa nthawi yosiyana mu selo logawanitsa mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwala ena adziwe, akhoza kupulumuka. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe nthawi zambiri anthu amachiritsidwa ndi oposa mankhwala enaake (chemotherapy mankhwala) amagwira ntchito zosiyana pa njira yopatulira maselo) ndi chifukwa chake chemotherapy nthawi zambiri imapatsidwa magawo angapo opitirira nthawi.
Kodi Maselo a Khansa Angabisire Bwanji Zaka Zaka Zaka Kapena Zaka Zoposa?
Pali ziphunzitso zochepa zomwe zafunsidwa kuti ziwerengere zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndi kansalu ya khansara yokha "kubisa" kwa nthawi yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, 20 mpaka 45 peresenti ya atrogen-receptor zabwino za khansa ya m'mawere zimachitika zaka kapena makumi angapo pambuyo poti khansayo yathandizidwa bwino.
Chimodzi ndi izi ndi lingaliro la maselo a khansa, khansa ya maselo a khansa . Mwachidule , mungaganize za maselo a khansa kukhala olamulira. Pachifukwa ichi, maselo a khansa amatha kukhala "ambiri" komanso amphamvu kuposa ena omwe ali ndi khansa (osagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala monga chemotherapy, mwinamwake chifukwa amagawanika pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi maselo a khansa.) Ngakhale kuti mankhwala a khansa angaphe asilikali ambiri , maselo apamwamba apamwambawa adzakhalabe amoyo, okonzeka kukula kachiwiri.
Lingaliro lina ndilo la dormancy . Pazifukwa zina, maselo a khansa (maselo osalala omwe amakhala ndi maselo a khansa) akhoza kukhala ochepa (monga mbewu m'nyengo yozizira, kapena spore), ndipo, panthawi yoyenera, ayamba kukula kachiwiri. Maselo a khansa akutha "akhoza kugona" kwa nthawi yaitali asanayambe "kudzuka" ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira. Amatha "kugona" chifukwa cha masewera abwino a chitetezo cha m'thupi, kapena kusowa kwa angiogenesis (kuthekera kwa khansara kuti apange mitsempha ya magazi ndi kuwalola kukula) ndiyeno "kudzuka" ngati chitetezo cha mthupi sichiri kugwiranso ntchito ( kuteteza thupi ) ngati angiogenesis ikuchitika.
Kodi Cancers Sayibwereranso (Recur) ndipo Angathe Kuchiritsidwa?
Nthawi zambiri madokotala samagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "ochiritsidwa" chifukwa chakuti ziphuphu zambiri zimatha kubwerera. Kupatulapo kumaphatikizapo khansa yoyambirira yomwe ili ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha kubweranso (mwachitsanzo kansa ya kansa yoyambirira).
Kodi Khansa Imakhala Yovuta Kwambiri?
Ma khansa ena amatha kukhala okhwima kwambiri powachiritsa, ndipo pamatenda ambiri timayenera kuganizira kuti mankhwala oyamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amawoneka kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri. Koma izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Mitundu ina ya khansa ikhoza kukhala yathanzi ngakhale atabwerera, mwachitsanzo, khansara ya testicular .
> Zotsatira:
> Almog, N. Makhalidwe amphamvu omwe amayambitsa chifuwa cha dormancy. Mayankho a Khansa . 2010. 294 (2): 139-46.
> Kleffel, S., ndi T. Schatton. Dormancy yamagazi ndi maselo a khansa ya khansa: mbali ziwiri za ndalama imodzimodziyo? . Kupititsa patsogolo Kwambiri pa Zamankhwala ndi Biology . 2013. 734: 145-79.
> Li, S., et al. Chitsanzo cha Tumor Dormancy / Kubwereranso Patapita Kanthawi Kachiotherapy. PLOS One . Lofalitsidwa May 20, 2014.
> National Cancer Institute. Kansa Kubwerera.
> Wang, Sih-han, ndi Shiaw-Yih Lin. Kupweteka kwa dormancy: Kuthandizira kuchipatala kumatulutsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa. Masayansi Achilengedwe ndi Oncology . 2013. 2:29.