Kuchiza ndi Kugonjetsa Pamene Khansa Yam'mimba Ikubweranso
Mwina chinthu chokha chimene chimasokoneza dziko kusiyana ndikumva kuti muli ndi khansara ndikumva kuti khansara yanu yamapapu yayambiranso. Mwamwayi, kutuluka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo - ngakhale ndi zotupa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofulumira - ndizofala kwambiri, ngakhale mankhwala omwe alipo pakalipano. Kodi mukufunikira kudziwa chiyani ngati khansara yamapapu ikubwerera?
Mwachidule
Musanalankhule za kubwereza, zimathandiza kufotokoza zomwe tikukamba.
Khansara imatchulidwa ngati khansara yomwe imabwerera (kubwereranso) pambuyo pa chithandizo ndi pakapita nthawi ( chikhululuko ) chomwe palibe umboni wa khansa. Komabe, khansa yomwe imapezeka mkati mwa miyezi itatu ya matenda oyambirira amayamba kuganiziridwa kuti ndi khansara.
Kubwereza kumatha kufotokozedwa kumene kumapezeka:
- Mderalo - Izi ndi pamene khansara imabwerera m'mapapo, pafupi ndi chotupa choyambirira.
- Zachigawo - Pamene khansa imayambiranso m'matenda am'mimba pafupi ndi chotupa choyambirira.
- Pakati - Pamene khansara yamapapo imabwereranso m'masamba monga mafupa, ubongo, adrenal glands kapena chiwindi.
Mpata kuti khansara yamapapo idzabwereranso imadalira pazifukwa zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansara yamapapo , siteji ya khansa ya m'mapapo pamene imapezeka, ndi mankhwala a khansa yapachiyambi.
Ambiri amachititsa khansa yomwe imabwereranso m'zaka zisanu zoyambirira zotsatirazi. Izi zati, kuopsa kwa kubwereza sikubwerera ku zero.
Kafukufuku wina amene adatsata khansa ya mapaipi ya zaka zisanu anapeza kuti 87 peresenti inapanga zaka zisanu zapanda khansa.
Zimayambitsa
Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo , monga opaleshoni ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, zimatengedwa kuti ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka m'maderawa, amatanthauza khansa yomwe ili pafupi ndi malo a chotupa choyambirira. Nthawi zina maselo ochokera pachilombo choyambirira amafalikira kudzera m'mayendedwe a magazi kapena maselo am'manja kupita kumalo akutali, koma maselo ndi ofooka kwambiri kuti asadziwike ndi maphunziro a dzuwa.
Chemotherapy yapangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito maselo a kansa omwe angafalikire motere. Chomvetsa chisoni n'chakuti ngakhale ndi chemotherapy, maselo angapulumuke ndi kuyamba kukula panthawi ina.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za kubwerera kwa khansa ya m'mapapo zidzadalira kumene khansara imayambiranso. Ngati ndi kubwereranso kumidzi, kapena m'magulu am'mimba pafupi ndi chotupa choyambirira, zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo chifuwa, kukhetsa magazi, kupuma , kupuma, kapena chibayo. Ziphuphu zomwe zimabwerera mu ubongo zingayambitse chizungulire, kuchepa kapena maulendo awiri, kufooka kwa mbali imodzi ya thupi, kapena kutayika. Ziphuphu mu chiwindi zingayambitse ululu m'mimba, jaundice (kutuluka kwa chikasu khungu), kuyabwa kapena chisokonezo. Kugwirizanitsa mafupa kawirikawiri kumakhala ndi kupweteka kwambiri mu chifuwa, kumbuyo, mapewa, kapena kumapeto. Zizindikiro zambiri zowonjezera, monga kutopa ndi kutayika kosalemetsa , zingasonyezenso kubwereza.
Kuchiza
Kukhalanso ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kudalira malo omwe khansa imayambiranso. Kansara yamapapu ikatuluka, sikungatheke kuti chotupa chichiritsidwe. Izi zinati, mankhwala amapezeka omwe angawonjezere kupulumuka ndikukhazikitsa moyo wabwino. Zotheka mankhwala angaphatikizepo:
Opaleshoni - Opaleshoni siigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pofuna kuchiza khansa ya m'mapapo, koma nthawi zina ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa kubwerera m'madera kapena kubisa zilonda m'mimba kapena chiwindi.
Thandizo la ma Radiation - Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungakhale kochepa ngati chithandizo cha ma radiation chakale chaperekedwa. Njira yosavuta kuganizira izi ndi yakuti pali nthawi ya moyo ya mankhwala omwe angaperekedwe kumadera ena. Komabe ngakhale mutakhala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cham'tsogolo , nthawi zina izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kubwereza pogwiritsira ntchito mlingo waung'ono.
Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy kawirikawiri ndi mankhwala ochizira matenda a kansa ya m'mapapo. Izi zikuti, chemotherapy yomwe yasankhidwa ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala omwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito pochizira. Kusintha kwa majini kumachitika nthawi zambiri m'matumbo omwe amabwereranso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyamba.
Njira Zothandizira - Zotsatira zochiritsira zimakhala zothandiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapu yapamwamba omwe ali ndi kusintha kwa EGFR , khansara yamapapo ya ALK kapena kansa yamapapu ya ROS1 yabwino .
Immunotherapy - Mu 2015, mankhwala atsopano awiri a immunotherapy adavomerezedwa kuti adziwe khansa yamapapo. Ngakhale mankhwalawa sagwira ntchito kwa aliyense, kwa anthu ena mankhwalawa adayambitsa khansa ya m'mapapo kwa nthawi yaitali yomwe yabwerera.
Matenda a Metastatectomy - Pamene malo ochepa chabe a kufalikira khansa ya m'mapapo alipo mu ubongo kapena chiwindi-chinachake chotchedwa "oligometastase" - malowa akhoza kuchotsedwa kudzera mu njira yotchedwa stereotactic body radiotherapy kapena SBRT . Njirayi imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso yambiri yamtundu wa dera kumadera ochepa (komwe amatha kukhala ndi metastasis) ndipo zachititsa kuti anthu ena asamachite khansa ya m'mapapo ya nthawi yaitali.
Mavuto Achipatala - Kamodzi kansalu yamapapu ikamayambiranso, nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndondomekoyi 4. Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya mapulaneti 4 amatha kuganizira mayesero monga chithandizo cha khansa yawo. Phunzirani zambiri za mayesero a chipatala , ndi momwe mungapezere mayesero a kliniki kwa khansa yamapapo.
Kuthamangitsani
Kuwonetsa kwa khansa yamapapu yowonongeka kumadalira pa zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo malo obwereza, mtundu wa khansara yamapapo, thanzi lanu lonse, ndi mankhwala omwe amasankhidwa kuti azichiza kubwereza. Ngakhale kuti kubwezeretsa kumachepetsa chiyembekezero cha moyo ndi khansara yamapapo, anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa zaka zambiri pambuyo pa kubwereza.
Kulimbana
Kulimbana ndi matenda a khansa ndi kovuta, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda oyambirira a kansa. Funsani mafunso. Lankhulani za zosankha . Phatikizani pulogalamu yanu yothandizira okondedwa anu ndi anzanu.
> Zotsatira:
> Maeda, R. et al. Zotsatira za Nthawi Zakale komanso Kutha Kwachilendo Kwa Odwala Amene Ali ndi Gawo Loyenera Kupewa 1A Khansara Yopanda Kulimbana ndi Cell. Journal of Thoracic Oncology . 2010. 5 (8): 1246-50.
> National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osakaniza Amtundu Wambiri Wopanda Khansa (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all