Ngati mukudabwa za mankhwala opatsirana khansa yamapapo ndizofunika kuzindikira kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya m'mapapo. Ndipo mtundu uliwonse umayankha mosiyana ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe alipo.
Mitundu ya Khansa Yam'mimba
Pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa yamapapu, ndipo ndi kofunika kuti wa oncologist adziwe mtundu wina wa khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe uli nayo kuti musankhe njira zabwino zothandizira.
Zosankha zamankhwala, komanso zizindikiro za khansa yamapapu, zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa khansa ndi malo omwe amapezeka. Matenda ambiri a khansa amagawidwa ngati khansara yokha yopanda maselo kapena kansa ya m'mapapo ya khansa, yomwe imatchedwa mayina chifukwa cha maonekedwe a khansa pansi pa microscope. Mitundu yosazolowereka ya khansa yamapapo imaphatikizapo zotupa za neuroendocrine monga carcinoid. Mankhwala a khansa monga mitsempha ndi maimfine amatha kupezeka m'mapapu.
Khansa ya ziwalo zina, monga khansa ya m'mawere, imatha kufalikira m'mapapo. Ngati zili choncho, khansara imatchulidwa kuchokera ku minofu yomwe idayambira. Mwachitsanzo, khansara ya m'mawere yomwe yafalikira m'mapapo imatchedwa "kansa ya m'mawere ya m'mawere" m'malo mwa khansa ya m'mapapo.
Mitundu ikuluikulu iwiri ya khansa ya m'mapapo:
- Kansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo
- Khansara ya m'mapapo ya maselo
Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa khansa iliyonseyi komanso ma subtypes payekha.
Mankhwala Osakani Aang'ono Osakanikirana ndi Cell:
Kansa yaing'onoting'ono ya khansa yowonongeka ya 80% ya khansa ya m'mapapo.
Izi ndizophatikizidwanso kukhala mitundu itatu:
- Adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Large cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma ya Lung
Mpaka 50 peresenti ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timatulutsa timene timayang'anitsitsa timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Khansara yamapapu imeneyi imapezeka nthawi zambiri osasuta ndipo mtundu wa kansa wamapapu umapezeka kwambiri mwa amayi. Khansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imayamba kumayambiriro kwa mapapo, ndipo ikhoza kukhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali isanafike.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Epidermoid Carcinoma)
Thirty peresenti ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timene timakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi squamous cell carcinomas. Mtundu wa kansa wamapapu nthawi zambiri umayamba m'zigawo zamkati mwa mapapo ndipo zingayambitse zizindikiro posachedwa, makamaka hemoptysis ( kukhwima magazi ). Squamous cell carcinoma ndiyo inali khansa ya m'mapapo yofala kwambiri, koma ziwoneka kuti zatsika chifukwa ndudu zowonongeka zinayamba kupezeka ndipo utsi umalowerera kwambiri m'mapapu (dera limene adenocarcinoma limayamba).
Large Cell Carcinoma
Khungu lalikulu la carcinoma ndilo mtundu wamba wamba wa khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo, yomwe imayang'anira pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya milandu. Amatchulidwa kuti maonekedwe aakulu a maselo ozungulira atayang'aniridwa pang'onopang'ono. Khungu lalikulu la carcinoma limapezeka nthawi zambiri kumadera akutali a mapapo ndipo limakula mofulumira
Khansara yaung'ono ya Lungwe ya Cell
Ndalama za khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ndi 20 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo, ndipo ndi khansa yamapapu yomwe imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusuta.
Kansera yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri imakula m'madera apakati a mapapo, ndipo anthu ambiri ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa kufikira asanatuluke. Mtundu wa khansara wamapapu umakula mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa yosagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaŵi yomwe amadziwunika. Ngakhale kuti ambiri mwa khansa sangathe kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni , khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya khansa imachita bwino ku chemotherapy ndi ma radiation .
Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma si khansara yomwe imayamba m'mapapo, koma imayamba mu mesothelium , nembanemba yomwe ikuzungulira mapapu. Pafupifupi 2,000 milandu amapezeka chaka chilichonse ku United States, koma chiwerengero chikuwonjezeka padziko lonse lapansi.
Matenda ambiri a mesothelioma amatha kuwonetsetsa asibesitosi pa ntchito.
Mapuloteni Okhala ndi Mitsempha Yam'mimba (Bronchial Carcinoids)
Matenda a carcinoid amachititsa pafupifupi 5 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo, koma sizithunzithunzi zonse za m'mapapo za m'mapapo zimakhala zoipa (khansa). Ziphuphuzi zimapangidwa ndi maselo otchedwa neuroendocrine maselo. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo, zotupa za carcinoid zimapezeka achinyamata, nthawi zambiri anthu osakwanitsa zaka 40, ndipo sagwirizana ndi kusuta. Matumbo ambiri a carcinoid amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.
Khansa Yam'mimba Yam'mimba (Canast Metastatic of the Lungs)
Khansara yomwe yafalikira m'mapapu kuchokera kumadera ena a thupi, mwachitsanzo, bere, amatchedwa khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo. Mu chitsanzo ichi, khansara imayamba m'mawere, osati minofu, ndipo imatchulidwa ngati khansa ya m'mawere m'mapapo , osati khansa ya m'mapapo.
Zovuta Zambiri Zomwe Zimatha Kulowa M'mapangidwe
Matenda omwe amayamba m'magazi ena ammapapu amapezeka m'mapapo. Ziphuphu zina zomwe zingathe kupezeka m'mapapu zimaphatikizapo mitsempha , mahomartas, ndi ma lymphomas .
Zotsatira:
National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osaphatikizapo Mankhwala Osakaniza Mayi PDQ - Health Professional Version. 07/07/16. http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq