Zifukwa Zopangira Opaleshoni Musagwire Ntchito Ndiponso Mulipo Njira Zina
Ngati dokotala wakuuzani kuti khansara yanu ya mapapu silingatheke, kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani? Tidzafotokozera chifukwa chake khansa zambiri za m'mapapo sizingatheke, komanso chifukwa chake izi sizikutanthauza kuti khansara ndi yosatetezeka kapena ngakhale kupulumuka kwa nthawi yayitali sikutheka.
Kuchiza kwa khansa ya m'mapapo kwasintha kwambiri zaka zingapo zapitazo. Ndipo palinso njira zambiri zothetsera matenda ngakhale pamene opaleshoni sizingatheke.
Mwachidule
Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito pokambirana za khansara yamapapo ndi mawu oti "sagwiritsidwa ntchito." Mawuwo angakhale othandiza pa mankhwala, chifukwa amathandiza madokotala kukhala ndi anthu pa gulu. Kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatanthauza kuti opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mapapo siyendetsedwa bwino koposa.
Komabe, kwa omwe amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ngati wodwala, mawu awa akhoza kuwoneka mosiyana kwambiri. Zingakhale ngakhale zowoneka ngati zoopsya zofanana ndi zotsirizira.
Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imakhala yosauka kwambiri kusiyana ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni, nthawi zambiri pali mankhwala ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mankhwalawa nthawi zina amatha kukhazikitsa nthawi yayitali matenda ofanana ndi opaleshoni.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ngakhale khansara yamapapu sichitha kugwira ntchito, ikhoza kugwira ntchito m'tsogolomu. Nthaŵi zina mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi ma radiation amachepetsa kukula kapena malo a chotupa kotero kuti opaleshoni ikhoza kutha.
Pamene chemotherapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito motere, imatchedwa "neoadjuvant chemotherapy."
Kupenda Opaleshoni
Kuchita opaleshoni sikungakhale koyenera kwambiri kwa khansara yamapapo pa zifukwa zingapo. Izi zingaphatikizepo:
- Kafukufuku wamtundu kawirikawiri amachitidwa kwa khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo . Kansera yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imayamba kufalikira msanga ndi opaleshoni kawirikawiri imangotchulidwa kokha pamatumbo ochepa kwambiri.
- Kafukufuku wamakono amawoneka ngati sitepe 1 , siteji yachiwiri ndi siteji ya 3A osati kansa ya kansa ya m'mapapo. Gawo 3B ndi khansa ya m'magazi 4 yamapiritsi nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi njira zopanda opaleshoni, monga chemotherapy, mankhwala othandizira, immunotherapy, ndi mankhwala opatsirana.
- Malo - Ngati chotupa cha m'mapapu chili pafupi ndi zofunikira, monga mtima, njira zosamalirako kupatula opaleshoni nthawi zambiri zimakonda.
- General Health-Chifukwa cha ngozi zokhudzana ndi opaleshoni yamapapo ndi anesthesia ambiri, matenda ena amatha kupanga opaleshoni yowopsa kwambiri.
- Ntchito Yam'mimba - Ngati kupuma kwafala kale ndi matenda monga chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) kapena matenda ena a m'mapapo, opaleshoni ikhozanso kuchepetsa mapapu kugwira ntchito.
Kuchiza
Ngakhale kansa ya m'mapapo ikuwoneka kuti ikusatheka, njira zina zamatenda zingapo zingakhalepo.
Chemotherapy
Matenda ambiri a mapapu amachititsa, makamaka pang'ono, chemotherapy .
Mankhwala Opanga Mafuta
Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa chotupa ndipo, nthawizina, kuchiza khansa. Njira zatsopano zothandizira mankhwala (radiation stereotactic kapena cyber thie) nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yoyambirira ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika opaleshoni. Zili kuyembekezera kuti izi zikhoza kukhala zosankha zambiri m'tsogolomu.
Thupi la radiotherapy (SBRT), lomwe limatchedwanso kuti "gamma mpeni" kapena "cyber", limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pofuna kuchepetsa oligometastases. Oligometastatses ndi mawu akulu omwe amatanthauza miyezo yochepa chabe.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu ali ndi masewera atatu ku ubongo wawo kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo, akhoza kulandira SBRT kuti athetse mavitamini awo. Pakalipano, mankhwala ena, monga chemotherapy, mankhwala othandizira, kapena immunotherapy amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse khansa m'thupi lonse.
Zotsatira Zothandizira
Njira zochiritsira ndizo mankhwala omwe apangidwira kugwidwa ndi khansara makamaka kapena kusokoneza mwazi woperekedwa ku zotupa.
Chitsanzo cha mankhwala opatsirana khansa ya m'mapapo ndi ntchito ya erlotinib ya kusintha kwa EGFR kapena cryzotinib kwa khansa ya m'mapapo ya ALK-kansa kapena kansa ya m'mapapo ya ROS1 .
Ichi ndi chitsanzo chokha cha zovuta kusintha zomwe zimapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Mwamtheradi aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo ayenera kukhala ndi mapulogalamu a mavitamini (oyezetsa mafupa) omwe amachitidwa pa chotupa chawo kuti awone ngati ali ovomerezeka pa chithandizo chilichonse cha mankhwalawa.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy ndi njira yatsopano yothandizira khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe ali m'gululi omwe akuvomerezedwa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo mu 2015. Mankhwala ena akhalapo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo ndi mankhwala ena omwe akuphunziridwa m'mayesero a kachipatala, kaya ali okha kapena osakaniza mankhwala ena omwe amachokera ku mankhwala a chemotherapy kupita ku radiation kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Immunotherapy amagwira ntchito poyambitsa chitetezo cha thupi kuti chiteteze khansa ndipo ikhoza kugwira ntchito ngakhale ndi khansa yapamwamba kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ma immunotherapy amangogwira ntchito pakalipeni 20 mpaka 30 peresenti ya khansa yamapapu, ikhoza kukhala yothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu awa. Zokwanira kuti ena oncologists akudabwa ngati immunotherapy ikhoza kuchiza anthu ena okhala ndi khansa ya mapapo 4, mawu omwe sanatchulidwepo kale pamene akukambirana za khansa ya m'mapapo yapamwamba.
Mayesero Amakono
Anthu ambiri omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi khansara yamapapu yopanda mphamvu amatha kukalembetsa ku masewero a kachipatala omwe amafufuza mankhwala atsopano omwe sapezeka ambiri kuti athe kuchiza khansa yamapapo. Kudziwa mitundu ndi magawo a mayesero a zachipatala , mndandanda wa mafunso oyenera kuuganizira, ndi kulumikizana ndi mauthenga a pa intaneti ndi mafananidwe oyenerera ku mayesero am'zipatala (awa ndi aulere) angakuthandizeni kusankha ngati kuyesedwa kwachipatala kuli koyenera.
Malingana ndi National Cancer Institute, aliyense yemwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ayenera kulingalira njira yomwe angayesere matenda. Zingakuthandizeni kukumbukira kuti mankhwala ndi ndondomeko iliyonse yomwe timalandira ndiyomwe adayesedwa panthawi yamayeso.
Mayesero ambiri a zachipatala akupitirira, akulonjeza kuti padzakhalanso patsogolo pa chithandizo ndi kupulumuka kwa matendawa. Taganizirani kuti pakati pa 2011 ndi 2015 mankhwala ena atsopano adavomerezedwa kuti athe kuchiza khansa ya m'mapapo kusiyana ndi yomwe inavomerezedwa zaka 40 zisanafike 2011. Pali chiyembekezo chochuluka.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngati mukusamalira wokondedwa ndi khansara yamapapu yopanda mphamvu, mwina simukumangokhalira mantha koma komanso opanda ntchito. Onani nkhaniyi pamene wokondedwa wanu ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo pomwe anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo agawana zomwe akufuna kuti wokondedwa wawo azidziwe za matenda awo ndi maganizo awo. Ndipo ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansara yamapapo , nkofunika kuphunzira zomwe mungathe pa matenda anu.
> Chitsime:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Khansa Yam'mimba-Osati Cell Yang'ono: Chithandizo Chakumankhwala. 6/16.