Gawo Lomwe Ndili ndi Matenda a Khansa: Tanthawuzo, Chithandizo, ndi Kugonjetsa
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi kansa ya m'mapapo, kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani? Chomwe chimatsimikizira ngati khansara yamapapo ndi siteji yoyamba, ndi mankhwala ati omwe alipo, ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe chikugwiritsidwa ntchito?
Zowona za Stage I Khansa Yam'mimba
Khwerero I khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yoyamba kwambiri yomwe khansa zambiri za m'mapapo zimapezeka komanso malo omwe amakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timayang'anitsitsa pakadali amadziwika pamene adakali pa stade I kapena II.
(Pali khansa ya m'mapapo, kansa ya mapapo ya mapapo kapena carcinoma-in-situ, ngakhale khansara ya mapapo sikupezeka kawirikawiri pa sitepe yoyamba komanso yosasokoneza.)
Pali mitundu iwiri ya khansara yamapapu: selo yaying'ono komanso khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo. Khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ndi ya khansa ya m'mapapo, imayamba kukula ndi kufalikira pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo, ndipo imakhala ndi mitundu itatu yomwe imapezeka: squamous cell carcinoma, lalikulu cell carcinoma, ndi adenocarcinoma.
Mitundu ina yocheperachepera ya khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda makapu ndi yowopsa kwambiri, khansa ya carcinoid, salivary gland carcinoma, ndi unclassified carcinoma.
Tanthauzo
Kumvetsetsa siteji ya kansa ya m'mapapo ndikofunika kwambiri-podziwa njira zabwino zothandizira chithandizo, komanso kukhala ndi chithunzithunzi cha tsogolo labwino. Khwerero I khansa ya m'mapapo ili kumidzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sizinafalikire kumalo ena amphongo kapena ziwalo zina.
Gawo Woyamba ndikuphatikizidwanso:
- Gawo IA: Chotupacho n'chosachepera 3 cm (pafupifupi mainchesi 1½)
- Gawo IB: Chotupacho n'choposa 3 cm ndi osachepera 7 cm
Wachikulire wanu akhoza kufotokoza siteji ya khansa yanu yotchedwa TNM system , pamene T imayimira kukula kwa chifuwa, N imayimira node, ndipo M imayimira masastasis (kufalikira kwa khansa).
Malinga ndi dongosolo la TNM, khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'magazi idzafotokozedwa ngati:
- Gawo IA (T1N0M0): Kutanthauza chiphuphu zosachepera 3 masentimita, popanda nodes ndi ma metastasis
- Gawo IB (T2N0M0): Kutanthauza chotupa chachikulu kuposa masentimita atatu, koma masentimita osachepera 7, opanda zigawo ndipo palibe metastasis
Zizindikiro
Khwerero I khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza kupezeka popanda chizindikiro chilichonse ndipo nthawi zambiri imatengedwa nthawi yomwe x-ray ikuchitidwa chifukwa china. Nthawi zina, khansa ya m'mapapo ya khansa imapezeka pamene munthu ali pachiopsezo cha kansa ya m'mapapo akuyendera CT kukayezetsa kansa yamapapo . Zizindikiro zomwe zimakhalapo pakali pano zimaphatikizapo chifuwa chokhazikika , mpweya wochepa kapena nthawi zambiri za chibayo kapena bronchitis. Popeza khansayo sinafalikira, zizindikiro monga kutopa kwakukulu, kutayika kwadzidzidzi , kapena kupweteka kwakukulu nthawi zambiri kulibe.
Kuchiza
Kuchita opaleshoni ndi chithandizo cha kusankha kwa khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'kati. Pali mitundu itatu yaikulu ya opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapu yomwe imapangidwa khansa yamapapo, ngakhale nthawi zina ma opaleshoni sangatheke chifukwa cha malo otupa kapena matenda anu onse. Njira yothandizira opaleshoni ya opaleshoni (VATS) yothandizira mavidiyo (VATS) imakhala yochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi opaleshoni yachibadwidwe komanso yabwino. Sikuti khansa yonse ya m'mapapo ikhoza kuchotsedwa kudzera mwa njira iyi, koma pamene ikhonza kukhala, kuchira ndi kochepa kwambiri.
Si onse opaleshoni ya khansa ya m'mapapo amachita njira iyi. Kuonjezera apo, zapezeka kuti anthu omwe akuchita opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapu pa malo opatsirana ndi khansa omwe amachititsa opaleshoniyi ambiri akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Ngati mukuganiza opaleshoni ya khansa yamapapo, nkofunika kupeza lingaliro lachiwiri . Anthu ambiri amasankha kupeza malingaliro awo pa imodzi mwa zikuluzikulu za National Cancer Institute-malo okhudzana ndi khansa.
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda mphamvu, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi njira zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuchiza. Njira yatsopano yotchedwa radiotherapy (stereotactic body radiotherapy) (SBRT) imawoneka kuti ikudalira anthu omwe sangathe kupyola opaleshoni ya kansa ya mapapo 1 pamtundu uliwonse.
Mankhwala a Proton othetsera ululu angakhalenso mwayi kwa omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo oyambirira yomwe ndi yovuta kapena yosatheka kuchotsa kudzera opaleshoni. Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga khansa yamapapo ya IA, mankhwala a chemotherapy kapena radiation. Ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ya IB, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kuposa masentimita 4, ena amachititsa kuti adjuvant chemotherapy-chemotherapy yomwe imayambidwa posachedwa opaleshoni ikayesa kupha maselo ena a khansa otsala opaleshoni.
Kubwereza Pambuyo pa Gawo I Kulimbana ndi Khansa Yam'mimba
Ngakhalenso opaleshoni yabwino, khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'magazi imayambiranso m'madera ena kapena m'madera akutali pafupifupi pafupifupi atatu mwa odwala. Ngati kansa ya m'mapapo ya m'magazi imayambiranso, njira ina yopaleshoni ingakonzedwe, kapena mankhwala enaake ndi chemotherapy ndi radiation. Mayesero angapo a zachipatala akuyesa kufufuza njira zomwe angasankhe pakatha khansa ya m'mapapo.
Kwa omwe adasuta kale, palinso kachilombo koyambitsa chifuwa chachikulu chachiwiri chokhudzana ndi kusuta, kaya m'mapapo kapena m'madera ena a thupi. Phunzirani zambiri za kusintha kwa khansa yamapapo .
Mmene Mungapulumutsidwire ndi Matenda Akumayambiriro kwa Gawo I Khansara Yam'mimba
Kachilombo ka zaka zisanu zapakati pa zaka 1 za khansa yamapapo ya mapapo pa nthawiyi ndi 49% peresenti ya IA ndi 45 peresenti ya IB. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuchuluka kwa masentimita 90 peresenti pamene khansa ya m'mapapu imapezeka ndi kupenda TB, ndipo ndikuyembekeza, njira zowunikira zidzakonzedwa posachedwapa kuti zizitha kuyang'anitsitsa msanga komanso kukhala ndi moyo wonse.
Kulimbana
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuphunzira zambiri za matenda anu monga momwe zingathere kungapangitse zotsatira zake. Funsani mafunso. Funani thandizo la okondedwa anu ndikuwaphatikizira pa zosankha zanu. Pezani gulu lothandizira kapena gulu lothandizira. Ngati mulibe gulu lothandizira m'dera lanu, pali magulu ambiri othandizira pa intaneti omwe ali otanganidwa kwambiri. Ngati mukuyang'ana izi, hashtag #LCSM imayimira khansa ya m'mapapo ndipo imathandizanso kupeza ena omwe akukumana ndi vuto lomweli. Phunzirani za mayesero a kliniki . Koma kumbukirani kuti zosankha zomwe mumapanga ndi zanu zokha, ndipo omwe ali pafupi ndi inu akufunika kukuthandizani paulendo wanu.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti mwakhala mukuvutika maganizo. Tengani kamphindi kuti muyang'ane pazigawo zoyambazi kuti mutenge pamene mukupezeka ndi khansara yamapapo.
Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Khansa Yam'mimba (Cell Osati Small. 02/08/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/lungcancer-non-smallcell/detailedguide/non-small-cell-lung-cancer-survival-rates
> Edge, S. ndi al (Eds). Buku la AJCC la Kukhazikitsa Khansa. Gulu lachisanu ndi chiwiri. Springer. New York, NY. 2010.
> Pennathur, A. et al. Mankhwala othandiza anthu kuti asamangidwe kansalu ya kansa yaing'ono yopanda makapu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Journal of Surgery ndi Opaleshoni Zambiri . 2009. 137 (3): 597-604.