Kuda nkhaŵa za zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za mankhwalawa zimakhala zofala kwambiri, monga momwe kupulumuka kumawonekera. Monga momwe zikhoza kukhalira ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za chemotherapy , mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa akhoza kuwonongera zotsatira zomwe zingayambe ndi nthawi yayitali chithandizo chitatha. Ndizofunika kukumbukira kuti ubwino wa mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri umaposa zoopsa zilizonse.
Chifukwa Chithandizo cha Ma Radiation chingayambitse Zotsatira Zakale
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi DNA yoopsa m'maselo. Mwatsoka, izi siziwonongeke ndi maselo a khansa yokha, ndipo maselo ochiritsira akhoza kuwonongeka.
Zinthu Zokhudza Kuopsa kwa Zotsatira Zotsatira
Mitundu ingapo ingapangitse kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za radiotherapy. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
- Zaka zanu pa nthawi ya ma radiation.
- Mlingo wa ma radiation omwe mumalandira.
- Chiwerengero cha zochitika zothandizira.
- Mtundu wa khansa yothandizidwa.
- Malo amtundu womwe umalandira ma radiation.
- Mankhwala ena a khansa, monga chemotherapy.
- Zochitika zina za thanzi, monga matenda a mtima kapena shuga.
Zotsatira Zomwe Zingatheke Kwanthawi yaitali
Zotsatirazi ndizo zotsatira za nthawi yaitali za mankhwalawa. Ndikofunika kuti tiwonetsetse kuti mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya amawoneka bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa; yafika kutali kwambiri kuyambira pamene inayamba kufalitsa khansara mu 1903.
Ndi njira zowonongeka zowonjezera komanso njira zatsopano zoberekera, maphunziro achikulire angawononge zoopsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene anthu amakhala ndi moyo wautali ndi khansara, zotsatira za nthawi yayitali zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri. Akuti anthu 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa adzalandira chithandizo cha mankhwala.
Sikuti aliyense adzakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali pambuyo pa mankhwala ochizira. Anthu ambiri amangoona khungu lofiira komanso kutopa panthawi ya chithandizo. Ndikofunika kudziwa za ngozi zomwe zingatheke, monga matenda a mtima, kotero kuti mutha kukhala wodwala wothandizidwa , komabe n'kofunika kunena kachiwiri kuti ubwino wa chithandizo nthawi zambiri umakhala woposa momwe zingakhalire pangozi.
Kuchiritsa-Kuchulukitsa Hypothyroidism
Hyperothyroidism ndi imodzi mwa zotsatira zofala kwambiri za mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a radiation pakamwa pamutu, pamutu, ndi pachifuwa.
Mankhwala a Fibrosis Syndrome
Mankhwalawa amatha kufotokozedwa mophweka ngati kutaya kwa mavitamini pambuyo poizonika, chifukwa chosowa kofiira. Zovuta zambiri zotsatirazi zimayambitsidwa ndi fibrosis yomwe ikhoza kuchitika pafupifupi dera lililonse la thupi.
Fibrosis ya Pulmonary Impression
Lung fibrosis ndi chipsinjo chosatha cha mapapo omwe angatuluke chifukwa cha mpweya woipa wa pneumonitis . Mazira a pneumonitis ndi kutupa kwa mapapu omwe amatha miyezi 1 mpaka 6 atatha mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amawotcha pachifuwa ndipo amapezeka pafupifupi pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe amadwala khansa ya m'mapapo. Popeza zizindikiro zimatha kuyerekeza zizindikiro chifukwa cha khansa, kapena chibayo, ndikofunika kuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu za zizindikiro zatsopano za kupuma.
Matenda a Mtima Okhudzana ndi Matenda a Mazira
Matenda a mtima ndi ofunika kwambiri komanso osadabwitsa nthawi zonse. Mwachitsanzo, kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Hodgkin amene amalandira chithandizo cha ma radiation (osati ofala tsopano), vuto lalikulu la imfa ndi matenda a mtima, osati khansa. Anthu omwe ali pangozi ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ziwalo zofiira pachifuwa, kuphatikizapo ma radiation omwe amatsata matenda a khansa ya kumanzere.
Maizoni angakhudze mtima m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- Matenda a mitsempha ya Coronary - Matenda a mitsempha ya Coronary yomwe imayambitsa matenda a atherosclerosis akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa za poizoni.
- Matenda a mtima wa Valvular - Mazira amatha kupweteka pamphuphu yamtima .
- Zinthu zapericardial monga pericardial effusions (kumanga madzi pakati pa minofu yomwe imayika mtima) ndi zovuta zowonongeka .
- Kusamalira thupi - Kutsegula m'mimba , kufooka kwa mitsempha ya mtima kungabwereke, makamaka ngati muli ndi mankhwala enaake monga mankhwala a Adriamycin (doxorubicin.)
- Mitima yodabwitsa ( arrhythmias ).
Zizindikirozi sizingayambe kwa zaka zambiri kapena makumi angapo mutatha kuchiza mankhwala, choncho ndikofunika kuti dokotala adziwe ngati muli ndi ululu wa chifuwa kapena zizindikiro zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima.
Mwamwayi, njira zatsopano monga kupuma kupuma (kuyendetsa kupuma komwe kumapangidwira kuchepa mtima kwa ma radiation) akupezeka, zomwe zingachepetse chiopsezo ichi.
Khansa Zachiwiri
Taphunzira kuphulika kwa mabomba a atomiki kuti mazira amatha kuchititsa khansara, ndipo mlingo wa ma radiation woperekedwa chifukwa cha matenda a kansa ungayambitsenso ngoziyi.
Khansa Yogwirizana ndi Magazi - Khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi monga myelogenous leukemia (AML), matenda oopsa a khansa ya m'magazi (CML), ndi acute lymphocytic khansa ya m'magazi (ALL) ndi zotsatira zochepa za mankhwala a radiation, omwe kawirikawiri m'mbuyomu kuchokera ku mazira a Hodgkin matenda kapena khansa ya m'mawere. Zopinga zapakati pa 5 mpaka 9 patatha zaka zothandizidwa ndi ma radiation zatha. Maizoni angasokonezenso fupa la mafupa lomwe limayambitsa myelodysplastic syndromes , matenda a mafupa omwe angakhalenso odwala khansa ya m'magazi.
Mitsempha Yamphamvu - Mankhwala othandizira mazira angapangitse kuti chiopsezo cha mimba chikhale choopsa, makamaka khansa ya chithokomiro ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Mosiyana ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi magazi, chiwopsezo chiposa zaka 10 mpaka 15 kapena kupitirira chithandizo chitatha.
Kusamala Zoganizira
Mankhwalawa, makamaka ma radiation mpaka ubongo, pansi pa fuga, ndi khosi zingayambitse mavuto amalingaliro monga kukumbukira kukumbukira komanso kuvutika kwambiri.
Matenda a Musculoskeletal
Matenda a Mitsempha Yotupa Mitsempha / Mitsempha - Mvula imatha kufooketsa mafupa, osteoporosis, ndi osteonecrosis . Mwachitsanzo, kuyamwa kwa chifuwa kuchifuwa kungachititse kuti nthiti zilephereke mosavuta.
Minofu / mafupa / mitsempha / mitsempha - Mvula imatha kukhudza minofu ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asamavutike, azivutika, komanso asatengeke.
Minofu yofewa - Khungu losatha la khungu, telangiectasias (zofiira zofiira) ndi kuwonongeka kwa tsitsi kosatha kumachitika ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Mafunde angayambitsenso lymphedema , kutukuka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mafilimu, mwachitsanzo, kutupa kwa manja komwe kumawoneka mwa amayi ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mawere.
Mphuno Youma / Maso Ouma / Mphazi / Kutaya Mankhwala
Kuwonongeka kwa mazira a mchere ndi kuvulaza mazira kuchokera ku dzuwa mpaka kumutu ndi m'khosi kumapangitsa kuti mukhale wouma pakamwa kapena maso owuma.
Matenda / Chikhodzodzo ndi Kulephera Kugonana / Kusakhudzidwa
Mazira a m'mimba ndi m'mimba amatha kuwonetsa chikhodzodzo, chidebe, ndi ziwalo zapakhosi zomwe zimayambitsa kupanda mphamvu ndi kusabereka.
Mmene Mungachepetse Vuto Lanu
- Osasuta - Kusuta kumawonjezera ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo pambuyo poizoni.
- Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za zizindikiro zatsopano za kupuma zomwe zingasonyeze kuti mpweya wotchedwa radiation pneumonitis (onani pamwambapa).
- Funsani za mayesero a chipatala omwe cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kutuluka kwa dzuwa.
- Ngati mutakhala ndi chifuwa chofufumitsa, funsani ngati kupuma kumapezeka.
- Funsani dokotala wanu za mankhwala ngati mankhwala anu ali oletsedwa. Mankhwalawa sangathe kuchotseratu thupi lanu losatha koma nthawi zambiri limatha kusintha kusintha ndi kuyenda.
Tsogolo
Maphunziro a zachipatala akuyang'anitsitsa njira zochepetsera chiopsezo cha zotsatira za mankhwala ochizira, omwe ali ndi zotsatira zowonjezereka.
> Zotsatira:
> Filopei, J., ndi W. Frishman. Matenda a mtima. Kubwereza Kanyama . 2012. 20 (4): 184-8.
> Krasin, M., Constine, L., Friedman, D., ndi L. Marks. Zotsatira za mankhwala othandizira mafilimu m'zaka zosiyana siyana: kusiyana ndi kufanana kapena zomwe achikulire ndi achinyamata angaphunzirane kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Seminar in Radiation Oncology . 2010. 20 (1): 21-9.
> National Cancer Institute. Mavuto Odzudzula a Chemotherapy ndi Mutu / Mng'oma. Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 01/04/16. Chiwongola dzanja
> Stubblefield, M. Radiation fibrosis syndrome: vuto la neuromuscular ndi musculoskeletal mu opulumuka khansara. PM & R. 2011. 3 (11): 1041-54.
> Yusuf, S., Sami, S., ndi I. Daher. Matenda a Mtima Wopweteka Kwambiri. Kafukufuku Wokhala ndi Moyo . 2011. 317659.