Zizindikiro ndi Zopatsira Matenda
Phunzirani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zizindikiro, ndi magwero a matenda.1. Protozoa
Mitundu yotchedwa Protozoa, yaying'ono kwambiri, yamoyo imodzi, ndiyo mtundu wambiri wa tizilombo ku United States. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, imabereka mofulumira kwambiri. Amachita zimenezi m'matumbo ndipo amatha kupita ku ziwalo zina monga chiwindi, mapapo, kapangidwe ndi mtima. Protozoa ali ndi moyo wosatha.
- Giardia lamblia amachokera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo komanso nyama. Amafalitsidwa kudzera m'madzi, makamaka m'mapiri a Rocky, chakudya, ndi kukhudzana ndi nyansi zofiira nthawi zambiri chifukwa chosowa ukhondo ndi kusamba m'manja. Giardia amapatsira matumbo aang'ono. Zitha kutenga masabata atatu zisanachitike zizindikiro za giardia. Giardia akhoza kubweretsa matenda opatsirana m'mimba. Ikhoza kutulutsa madzi otsekula m'mimba, zitsulo zonunkhira, nseru, mimba, kupweteka, mpweya, mphamvu zochepa, komanso kulemera. Zitsanzo zambiri za sitolo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kuti apeze matenda.
- Kawirikawiri Cryptosporidium parvum imafalitsidwa mwa kukhudzana ndi nyansi zamanthu zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda opatsirana, monga kusamba m'manja. Cryptosporidium parvum imafalitsidwa m'madzi. Ndilofala kwambiri kuphulika kwa madzi ku United States. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi ma chitetezo oteteza thupi, akhoza kukhala opanda chizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zimatha kuphatikizapo kutsekula m'madzi komwe kumatha masiku 10, nkhonya, zipsera, ndi malungo. Kwa anthu omwe samasokonezeka, palinso matenda otsegula m'mimba omwe ali ofooka, kutaya thupi, zomwe zingawononge moyo.
- Mitundu ya Cyclospora imapezeka makamaka paulendo. Kuphulika kwatsopano kwakhala kulikuphatikiza ndi madzi osokonezeka, monga Central American raspberries ndi basil. Amapatsirana kudzera mwa kukhudzana ndi nyansi. Zizindikiro zili ngati giardiasis. Zizindikiro zimabwera ndipo zimatha kuphatikizapo kutsekula m'mimba, nthawi zambiri madzi, kuchepa, kutopa, kuphulika, kapena matenda osokoneza bongo.
- Entamoeba histolytica imafalikira kupyolera mu madzi kapena chakudya. Tizilombo tingathe kunyamula ntchentche, monga ntchentche ndi ntchentche. Zitha kutenga miyezi itatu pambuyo pa matenda asanayambe kuoneka. Ikhoza kufalikira kudutsa m'thupi ndikupita ku ziwalo zina. Kawirikawiri, munthu wodwalayo ndi chithandizo chopanda chizindikiro. Zimayambitsa kupweteka m'mimba, kuphulika, ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Ngati pali chiwonongeko chamatenda m'matumbo akulu, pangakhale kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsegula m'mimba.
- Toxoplasma gondii ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amachokera ku amphaka. Chinthu china cha toxoplasma sichikuphika nyama. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo zizindikiro za chimfine monga fever, mutu, kutupa kwa maselo, ndi kutopa.
- Trichomonas vaginalis imafalitsidwa kudzera mu kugonana kapena kuchokera ku mipando ya chimbudzi, tilu, kapena madzi osamba. Nthawi zambiri palibe zizindikiro. Zingayambitse kusamba kwa abambo, matenda a yisiti, ndi kuvuta kwa amayi. Amuna amatha kuyambitsa prostate gland ndi kutupa kwakodzo.
Izi ndi mphutsi zopanda mphamvu. Amapanga mazira omwe amafunika kuwongolera m'nthaka kapena kumalo ena osakonzekera asanakhale opatsirana kwa anthu.
- Mawotchi apamwamba (ascaris lumbricoides) alibe chizindikiro mwa anthu ambiri. Akuti anthu oposa 1 biliyoni padziko lonse akhoza kukhala ndi kachilomboka. Gwero la matenda ndi kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka ndi masamba ndi zinyama. Nkhuku zowopsa zimakhala m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndipo zimatha kutulukira pakamwa kapena mphuno za munthu wodwala. Nthaŵi zina, pamakhala chisokonezo cha pancreatic kapena bile tract, appendix, kapena matumbo aang'ono. Chifuwa chouma, malungo, ndi kugona tulo kungakhalepo. Kusanthula ndi kufufuza kwa mazira ndi mayeso a magazi.
- Necator americanus (hookworms) imafalitsidwa kudzera mu khungu losasweka poyenda opanda nsapato. Mankhwalawa amapita magazi ndi kupyolera m'mapapo ndi m'matumbo. Matenda a chiwombankhanga kawirikawiri amakhala opanda mphamvu. Pakhoza kukhala kuyabwa pa malo a khungu lolowera. Pakhoza kukhala zizindikiro za kugaya. Nyongolotsi zimagwirizanitsa ndi kuyamwa magazi kuchokera mumatumbo a m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwachitsulo kwa magazi, kuchepa mphamvu, ndi zilonda zam'mimba monga zizindikiro za matenda aakulu.
- Inshubius vermicularis (pinworm) matenda amapezeka ku United States. Amafalitsidwa kudzera mu zakudya ndi madzi owonongeka. Nyongolotsi zimakhala m'matumbo pafupi ndi rectum ndi kuyenda usiku kunja kwa khungu kuzungulira anus. Kuchokera kumeneko zingathe kupitsidwanso kudzera mwa munthu ndi munthu. Icho chingakhale chopanda chizindikiro. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowawa usiku usiku. Pangakhalenso zizindikiro zosayembekezereka monga mavuto, masomphenya, vaginitis, ndi kusokonezeka maganizo. Tape nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo a anal usiku. Pamene tepiyo imachotsedwa, mphutsi zazikulu zikhoza kuwonedwa ndi diso losagwirizana. Kuyesa ma test osachepera asanu kapena asanu ndi awiri kuti athe kutulutsa matenda.
- Trichuris trichiura (chiwombankhanga) ndi matenda akuluakulu a m'matumbo omwe nthawi zambiri amasonyeza zizindikiro. Amapatsirana mwa kumeza mazira m'nthaka kapena masamba. Zizindikiro za matenda aakulu zimaphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, kupweteka kwa m'mimba, komanso kukula.
Chodziwikiratu: Zomwe zili pa tsambali zimapangidwa pazinthu zophunzitsira zokha ndipo sizilowetsamo malangizo, matenda kapena chithandizo ndi dokotala wololedwa. Sichikutanthauza kubisa zonse zomwe zingatheke, kuyanjana kwa mankhwala, zochitika kapena zotsatirapo zoipa. Muyenera kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga pa nkhani iliyonse yathanzi ndikufunsani dokotala musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osakaniza kapena kusintha kwa regimen yanu.
Mawotchi ndi ma Hookworms, wapezeka- Katemera wa Trichinella (Trichinella spiralis) kawirikawiri amadya nkhumba zosakanizidwa. Nkhumba zimayenda kuchokera m'matumbo kupita minofu ya chifuwa, diaphragm, nsagwada, ndi mkono wapamwamba. Zizindikiro zikuphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba, kunyowa, kupweteka kwa minofu, kupweteka kwa nkhope, kupuma kovuta kapena kutafuna, ndi maselo owonjezera.
- Taenia solium ( matenda opatsirana ndi nkhumba) matenda ambiri amapezeka akamadya kudya nyama ya nkhumba, nyama yosuta, kapena soseji yomwe ili ndi mphutsi. Nyongolotsi zikuluzikulu zimamatirira m'matumbo. Zizindikiro ndizofanana ndi matenda opatsirana ndi njuchi. Mphungu imatha kupita kumagulu ang'onoang'ono, minofu, kayendedwe kabwino ka mitsempha, ndi / kapena diso, pomwe pamapeto pake amapanga ziphuphu zomwe munthu amene ali ndi kachilomboka amachitapo ndi kuvuta kumene kumatha pakatha zaka 4 kapena zisanu. Ikhoza kukhala akhungu, kugwedezeka, kuperewera kwa ubongo, ndi hydrocephalus (kutupa kwa mutu).
- Matenda a Taenia saginata ( matenda a chiwombankhanga cha ng'ombe) amapezeka makamaka kawirikawiri atadya ng'ombe yophika yomwe ili ndi mphutsi. Amatha kukhala m'mimba kwa zaka 25 ndikukula mpaka mamita asanu ndi atatu. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosazizwitsa, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimapweteka m'mimba, kusowa kudya, kulemera ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Zigawo zimatha kuchoka mu anus.
- Matenda a Diphyllobothrium latum ( matenda a tapeworm) amapezeka chifukwa chodya nsomba zamadzi ozizira zomwe zimakhala ndi mphutsi. Nsomba zam'madzi zam'madzi zimatha kufika mamita 15 m'litali. Zizindikiro ndizosazindikiritsa m'mimba zizindikilo, monga kusowa kwa njala, kupweteka kwa mtima, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi mseru. Kulephera kwa Vitamini B12 kungathenso kuchitika, kumatsogolera ku macrocytic kuchepa kwa magazi ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi ubongo monga minofu.
- Clonorchis sinensis ndi nyongolotsi ina yomwe imafalitsidwa mwa kudya nsomba yaiwisi. Nyongolotsi zimakhala m'dera la ndulu, choncho mavuto angaphatikizepo mankhwala amtundu wa bile, gallbladder, ndi matenda ena a ndulu.
Zipwitikizi zimakhala ndi mphutsi zofanana ndi masamba zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kwa wothandizira pogwiritsa ntchito mimba za m'mimba. Kawirikawiri imayambira moyo wake monga nkhono, ndiye mphutsi zomwe zimayambitsa nsomba, zomera, kapena anthu. Zipwitikizi zimatha kupita kumapapo, matumbo, mtima, ubongo, ndi chiwindi. Mazira angayambitse kutupa mwa kumasula poizoni zomwe zimawononga matupi.
- Matenda a m'mimba (Fasciolopsis buski) - nyongolotsizi zimakhala m'matumbo aang'ono. Zingayambitse zilonda za m'mimba ndi zomwe zimachitika. Zizindikiro zofala ndi kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kunyowa, komanso kupweteka m'mimba. Matenda a m'mimba amatenga masamba a madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, monga madzi a mabokosi, nsomba zamatabwa, watercress.
- Oriental Lung Fluke (Paragonimus westermani) amapezeka kwambiri m'mayiko a Asia. Nyongolotsizi zimatha kulowa m'matumbo ndikupita ku ubongo kapena mapapo. Zizindikiro za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kutsokomola kosalephereka ndi kukhetsa magazi. Zambiri za mphutsizi zimaphatikizapo nkhanu zosakanizika ndi nsomba zazinkhanira.
- Nkhumba ya Chiwindi (Fasciola hepatica) imafalitsidwa kuchokera ku madzi atsopano. Nyongolotsi imayambira ku ndulu ndi bile, zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa komanso zovuta. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo jaundice, malungo, kukopa, kusanza, ndi kupweteka m'mimba.
- Mafupa a magazi amafalitsidwa mwa kusambira m'madzi oipitsidwa. Amafika pakhungu ndikupita kumtima, mapapo, chiwindi, kapena chikhodzodzo. Amatha kukhala m'thupi kwa zaka 30.