Sitikuyimira, koma zimayambitsa mavuto ake
Si chigaye.
Ndizitsamba Zachijeremani. Amatchedwanso Rubella.
Kungokhala wosokoneza, Mitundu imatchedwanso Rubeola.
Izi zimayambitsa chisokonezo. Mavairasi awiriwa amachititsa kuti malungo ndi ziphuphu zofiira zimayambira pa nkhope ndikufalikira.
Ngakhale mavairasi ndi osiyana.
Sali ofanana. Rubella imayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka Rubella, yomwe ndi kachilombo kokha mu mtundu wa Rubivirus ndipo ndi wa banja la Togaviridae.
Zakudya zimayambitsidwa ndi Morbillivirus kuchokera m'banja la HIV Paramyxoviridae .
Mavairasi amachititsanso matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma onsewa ali mu katemera wa MMR - omwe amatanthauza M-easles, M-umps, ndi R-ubella (komanso katemera wa MMRV omwe amaphatikizapo Varicella, kapena nkhuku). Pamene chiwopsezo chimataya chikuku, zimangobwera chifukwa cha rubella. Kuphulika kwa chimanga kungakhale kutsatiridwa ndi kuphulika kwa rubella.
Icho chikuchoka
Zakudya za ku Germany zikuwoneka kuti zachotsedwa ku North ndi South America. Mu 2015, adalengezedwa ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo kuti palibe vuto lochokera ku Western Hemisphere. Zochitika zokhazo zomwe zinkawonetsedwa ndizo zomwe zinachokera kunja kuchokera kunja kwa dziko lapansi. Komabe, mu August 2015 mlanduwo unadziwika ku Texas umene ukuwoneka kuti watumizidwa. Palibe kupatsirana kwina komwe kunawonekera.
Kodi Rubella ndi wotani?
Rubella imayambitsa kukwera ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono, omwe angakhale ofiira kapena obiriwira, omwe amayambira pa nkhope ndikufalikira.
Zimayambitsa malungo ndi chifuwa, mphuno yothamanga. Ambiri amakhala ndi zilonda zotupa pamutu ndi pamutu, zomwe zingathe kukhala kwa milungu ingapo, komanso zizindikiro zina zatha. Mitsempha yotupa imeneyi imakhala kumbuyo kwa khutu (post auricular), kumbuyo kwa yotsatira (cervical post), ndi kumbuyo ndi kumutu kwa (occipital).
Akuluakulu amakhalanso ndi ziwalo zopweteka.
Momwe Rubella amachitira
Rubella kawirikawiri ndi matenda oopsa kuposa chikuku. Ambiri amapeza bwino masiku 7 mpaka 10. Palibe mankhwala enieni omwe amachiza rubella. M'malo mwake, chisamaliro chiri cholinga choonetsetsa kuti wina akumva bwino.
Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi ofatsa, pali mavuto ena omwe angakhale ovuta kwambiri.
Momwe Rubella imafalikira
Rubella imafalikira kudzera m'malovu opuma. Izi zingathe kufalikira ndi chifuwa kapena kupopera - kapena kungoyankhula ndikupuma. Chifukwa kufalitsidwa ndi droplet, Rubella sizowonjezereka monga Zakudya, zomwe zimagwidwa ndi mpweya. Rubella ikhoza kufalikira kuchokera ku vuto limodzi kuti liwononge matenda asanu ndi awiri (7) (Masamba angayambitse 12-18).
Pambuyo poonekera, zikhala masabata asanayambe zizindikiro - nthawi zambiri masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Anthu ali ndi kachilomboka asanakhale ndi zizindikiro. Wina akhoza kufalitsa matendawa kwa sabata asanadziwe kuti akudwala. Kawirikawiri anthu amafalitsa sabata imodzi isanakwane mpaka sabata imodzi itatha.
Zovuta za Rubella
Matendawa amabweretsa zizindikiro zochepa kwa omwe ali aang'ono. Akuluakulu, makamaka amayi, akhoza kuthana ndi mavuto ambiri. Amayi 70 akuluakulu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amakhala ndi ziwalo zowawa kuchokera kwa Rubella, pomwe ana sachita kawirikawiri.
Chofunika kwambiri, rubella zingakhudze mimba. Mwamwayi, ngati matope a rubella akugwa, iwo omwe sali ovunda amayamba kukumana ndi rubella akakalamba. Izi zingachititse kuti iwo akhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda alionse - kuti akhoza kukhala-akuchitika panthawi yoyembekezera.
Rubella mu Mimba.
Rubella mu 1 trimester yoyamba, masabata 20 oyambirira a mimba, akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri. Ana omwe amachokera kwa amayi omwe anali ndi rubella akangoyamba kutenga mimba akhoza kuthana ndi mavuto angapo. Amatha kukhala ndi vuto la maso (osabisala), ogontha, mavuto a mtima, ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Izi zimatchedwa Congenital Rubella Syndrome
Kuchepetsa Matenda
Rubella anachotsedwa ku US mu 2004. Komabe, chifukwa matendawa amabwera padziko lapansi, nthawi zonse amatha kubwereranso ndipo amakhudza omwe sapatsidwa katemera. Milandu 4000 inachitika ku UK kumapeto kwa 1996. Chaka chilichonse anthu amati padziko lonse lapansi 100,000 amabadwa ndi Congenital Rubella Syndrome.
Ngati katemera wa MMR umatsika, izi zingatanthauze zifukwa zambiri zoberekera kwa ana ang'onoang'ono.