Kodi mukuganiza kuti chiwerengero cha moyo wa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yotani? Tili ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana zowerengera zomwe zilipo, koma musanayang'ane nambalayi ndizofunika kulankhula za zinthu zingapo.
Kupulumuka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi yosiyana kwa munthu aliyense. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingawonjezere kapena kuchepetsa manambalawa.
Komabe, ziŵerengero zopulumuka zimafunikanso kumvetsedwa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ziwerengerozi zimachokera kuti, komanso chifukwa chake zingathe kusocheretsa kapena ngakhale zolakwika, musanayang'ane nambala yanu.
Kodi Mpata Wopulumuka Ndi Chiyani?
Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi ndiyeso la anthu angati amakhalabe ndi khansara yamapapo pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, zaka zisanu zapakati pa 40 peresenti kuti zikhale zovuta zikutanthauza kuti 40 peresenti ya anthu, kapena 40 mwa anthu 100, adzakhala moyo pambuyo pa zaka zisanu.
Ponena za khansa ya m'mapapo, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti moyo wamkati . Kupulumuka kwapakati ndi nthawi yomwe 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda adzafa, ndipo 50 peresenti akadali amoyo.
Matenda a khansa ya m'magazi ndi ziŵerengero ndipo sikuti amapereka chidziwitso cholondola cha momwe munthu adzapulumutsidwire ndi matenda ena. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza chiwopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo , kuphatikizapo thanzi labwino, kugonana, mtundu, ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuwonjezera apo, kusuta fodya kumawonetseratu kuti apitirize kukhala ndi moyo kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kansa yapang'onopang'ono ya sepulo ya m'mapapo komanso omwe ali ndi kansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo.
Zolondola za Mtengo
Si onse omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo ali ndi chidwi ndi chiwerengero cha kumva za moyo. Anthu ena amafuna kudziwa zomwe angathe kuyembekezera (chiwerengero) ndi mtundu wawo wa khansara wamapapo, pamene ena amapeza chiwerengero cha zamoyo zomwe zimawopsya.
Ndikofunika kwa okondedwa kukhala omvera kwa izi ndikulemekeza zofuna za wokondedwa wawo ndi khansa. Icho chinati, ngakhale inu simukukhudzidwa ndi ziwerengero, pali zinthu zomwe inu mungakhoze kuchita kuti muwone zovuta zanu . Izi ndi zinthu zina osati opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi mankhwala omwe akupezeka kuti awonjezere kupitiriza kufufuza bwino, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi osavuta, monga kupeza chithandizo cholimba.
Kuyika Numeri Momwe Mukuganizira
Tikukhumba kuti titenge munthu aliyense amene amawerenga izi paulendo kuti awone momwe chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo ndi mausinkhu akukhala akukula. Icho si chiyembekezo chonyenga. Zowona kuti kwa zaka pafupifupi 40 zapulumuka za khansa ya m'mapapo-osachepera matenda aakulu-sizinapangitse pang'ono.
Komatu chaka chatha kuchokera mu 2016, kupitirira kwapakati pa nthenda yachinayi yawonjezeka kawiri. Si mankhwala atsopano komanso abwino koma mankhwala atsopano ndi atsopano omwe tiyenera kulimbana nawo. Onani ngati mukupeza kuti zothandiza, koma musaiwale kuti pali chiyembekezo.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Mavuto Omwe Amapulumuka
Pali zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhudze chiwerengero cha kupulumuka ku khansa ya m'mapapo. Zina mwa zinthu izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Zaka - Kukhalitsa khansa ya m'magazi bwino pakadutsa zaka zakubadwa. Izi ndizofunika kuzindikira kuti achinyamata omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa malo apamwamba a matenda (monga anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo odwala, sakuganiza za khansa ya m'mapapo mwa achinyamata.)
- Kugonana - Azimayi amakonda kukhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi khansara yamapapo pa gawo lililonse la matendawa.
- Mipikisano - Mipingo yopulumuka imaoneka ngati yochepa kwa Afirika Achimerika kusiyana ndi anthu a ku Caucasus kapena Asia.
- Zochitika zina zamankhwala - Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena aakulu monga matenda a mtima kapena mapapo a m'mapapo samachita bwino komanso omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.
- Momwe mumayankhira ndi mankhwala - Anthu ena amatha kulandira mankhwala ophweka kusiyana ndi ena.
- Zovuta za khansa ya m'mapapo - Pali mavuto ambiri a khansara yamapapo , ena mwa iwo angachepetse chiwopsezo.
- Kusuta - Kupitirira kusuta fodya pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansa ya m'mapapo imachepetsa kuchepa kwa moyo wake ndipo ingapangitse chiopsezo cha mavuto kuchokera ku opaleshoni, chemotherapy, mankhwala a radiation, ndi mankhwala othandizira.
Mipingo Yopulumuka Yonse ndi Mtundu
- Khansa yaing'onoting'ono ya khansa ya mliri - Kachilombo ka kansalu kakang'ono kamene kali ndi kansalu kakang'ono ka zaka 5 (5).
- Khansara Yopanda Kulimbana ndi Cell - Zomwe zili ndi zaka zisanu zapakati pa khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo (magawo onse pamodzi) ndi pafupifupi 18 peresenti.
- BAC (Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma) - BAC kwenikweni ndi nthawi yakale ndipo tsopano ikuonedwa ngati gawo la mapapu adenocarcinoma. Kusunga kwa BAC kuli bwino kwambiri kusiyana ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda makapu, makamaka ikagwidwa msanga ndi khungu limodzi lokha. Mu kafukufuku wina, omwe anapezeka ndi BAC ndipo anali ndi matumbo osachepera masentimita atatu m'lifupi, anali ndi zaka zisanu zapakati pa zaka zana limodzi ndi opaleshoni. Miyezi isanu ya kupulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi magawo apamwamba kwambiri a matendawa amasiyana kwambiri.
Kupulumuka Miyeso ndi Gawo
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chiwerengero cha opulumuka sichisonyeza kusiyana kwa anthu. Kuwonjezera apo, kumbukirani kuti si onse omwe ali ndi sitepe yeniyeni ya khansa ya m'mapapo ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Kansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ingathandize kuthandizira mankhwala, koma pali khansa yambiri mkati mwa gawo lililonse.
- Gawo 1 Sagulu laling'ono kapena laling'onoting'ono - Zomwe zimachitika zaka zisanu zapakati pachitetezo 1A Khansa yamapapo ndi 49 peresenti ndipo 1B ndi 45 peresenti.
- Gawo lachilendo lachilendo lachilendo lachilendo cha khansa yamapapo ndi 30 peresenti komanso gawo 2b la khansa yamapapo, 30 peresenti.
- Gawo la 3A Cell Osakhala Ndiling'ono - Chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo 3A, ndipakati pa 14 peresenti, koma izi zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri pakati pa khansa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala ngati gawo 3A.
- Gawo la 3B Osagwiritsa Ntchito Cell - Gawo lachiwiri la zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu. Nthawi yopulumuka yapakatikati ndi chithandizo ndi miyezi 13.
- Masewu 4 (Metastatic) Osagwiritsa Ntchito Kagulu - Kachilombo ka zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Nthawi yopulumuka yapakatikati ili pafupi miyezi 8.
- Khansara yaling'ono ya mliri wa maselo - Zonse zomwe zimachitika zaka zisanu zapakati pa kansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo (kanthawi kochepa chabe) ndi pafupifupi 6 peresenti. Popanda chithandizo, pafupifupi nthawi ya moyo ya matenda aakulu ndi miyezi 2 mpaka 4, ndipo mankhwala amatha miyezi 6 mpaka 12.
Mawu Ochokera
Sizingatheke kudandaula kuti kupulumuka ndi chiŵerengero-osati anthu-ndipo chiŵerengero chokha chimalongosola momwe wina angakhalire ndi khansa ya m'mapapo m'mbuyomo. Ndi mankhwala atsopano, manambalawa akusintha. Ngakhale ndikuwopsyeza kuti ndikudwala matenda a nthendayi, ndikudziwa anthu angapo omwe ali opulumuka nthawi yayitali ya khansa ya m'mapapo.
Ena mwa anthu opulumuka nthawi yayitali, ali ndi moyo chifukwa apenda kafukufuku ndikuphunzira zonse zomwe angachite pa khansara (kapena anzawo ndi okondedwa awo awathandiza) ndipo adzilimbitsa okha kuti azitha kusamalira khansa yabwino . Palibenso wa oncologist wamoyo yemwe akudziwa mbali iliyonse ya khansara iliyonse kapena mayesero aliwonse a kliniki omwe alipo. Zina mwa mayeserowa akuchipatala sikungopititsa patsogolo kafukufuku koma akuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo ndi khansara yamapapo. Pali chiyembekezo chochuluka.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Khansa Zolemba ndi Zizindikiro 2017. https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures/cancer-facts-figures-2017.html.
> National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osakaniza Amtundu Wambiri Wopanda Khansa (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all.
> Parsons, A. et al. Mphamvu ya Kusuta Kusuta Pambuyo Podziwa Koyambira Kumayambiriro a Khansa Yam'mimba pa Matenda a Mitsempha: Kupenda Mwadongosolo kwa Maphunziro a Zophunzirira Ndi Meta-Analysis. British Medical Journal BMJ2010: 340: b5569. Lofalitsidwa pa Intaneti 21 January 2010.