Mwinamwake mwamvapo dokotala wanu akuyankhula za momwe matenda anu amachitira khansa (kapena matenda ena). Kodi ndikutanthawuza kotani, ndipo ndi chiyani chomwe mukuyenera kudziwa ponena za kusaganizira kuti mupange chisankho chabwino pazomwe mukugwiritsira ntchito? Tiye tikambirane za momwe matenda amatsimikiziridwa, komanso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ziwerengero zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka nthawi ino pamene mankhwala akukula.
Kutsutsa: Tanthauzo
Kugonjera ndikulosera kapena kuyerekezera mwayi wopulumuka kapena kupulumuka ku matenda. Ambiri amachipatala amapereka zizindikiro pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero za momwe matenda amachitira m'mabuku ambiri. Chimene chikutanthawuza ndikuti kuthamanga kwanu sikuli chinachake cholembedwa mwala. Ndiko kulingalira kapena malingaliro onena momwe muti udzachitire, koma kawirikawiri, anthu ena adzachita bwino kwambiri ndipo anthu ena adzachita zoipitsitsa kuposa zomwe "ziwerengero." Pali anthu ochepa amene ali "oposa" pankhani ya thanzi lawo.
Kugonjetsa ndi khansa kungadalire pazifukwa zingapo, monga siteji ya matenda pa matenda, matenda ndi khansa, khansa, kapangidwe kake, komanso ngakhale kugonana.
Kugonjetsa ndi Chiwerengero
Zambiri zomwe mukumva ndi kuziwerenga za matendawa zimachokera ku ziwerengero za maphunziro omwe akuyang'ana anthu ena. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti manambalawa ndi nambala chabe, ndipo simukuyang'ana zosiyana payekha.
Ziwerengero zambiri zimakhalanso zowerengedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ziŵerengero zomwe zikuyang'ana pa zaka 5 zomwe zimakhalapo pa matenda ena zingakhale zaka zingapo-ndipo kuyambira nthawi yomwe zinanenedwa, mankhwala atsopano ndi abwino angakhalepo. Khansara ya m'mimba ndi chitsanzo pamene "zizindikiro" za matendawa sizingakhale zolondola.
Ziwerengero zambiri zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito pokamba za moyo ndi zaka zingapo. Komabe, mankhwala ena atsopano avomerezedwa kuti athe kuchiritsira khansa ya m'mapapo zaka zisanu zapitazo kuposa zaka 40 zisanachitike.
Kugonjera ndikosiyana kwa onse omwe ali ndi khansa
Khansayo iliyonse ndi yosiyana. Ngati pali anthu 200 omwe ali ndi siteji 2A osakaniza kansalu ya m'mapapo ya sepenti mu chipinda, pali khansa 200 zomwe zimasiyana mu mbiri ya maselo ndi zosiyana siyana. Pamwamba pa izi, munthu aliyense ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumakhudza odwala, monga msinkhu, thanzi labwino, matenda omwe alipo, komanso kuthekera kupirira. Tayang'anani zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo .
Malamulo Agwiritsidwa Ntchito Pofotokoza Kugonjetsa Ndi Khansa
Pali mawu ambiri omwe dokotala angagwiritse ntchito polankhula za momwe mumagwirira ntchito. Zina mwa izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa ena pogwiritsa ntchito kuyembekezera kupulumuka ndi khansa. Mawu ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza ngati mbali za mayesero a zachipatala. Ena mwa mawu awa ndi awa:
Kupulumuka kwapadera: Kupulumuka kwapakati ndi "nthawi yaitali munthu amafunika kukhala ndi matenda a khansa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa malinga ndi nthawi," zaka zisanu zomwe zimapulumuka. "
Kuchulukitsa kwapakatikati: Kusambira kwapakati ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimatanthawuza nthawi yomwe theka la anthu omwe ali ndi mtundu wina ndi siteji ya khansa ndi amoyo, ndipo 50 peresenti yafa. Ndi zotupa zowopsa kwambiri, monga khansara yamapapo, kufotokozera thupi kumatchulidwa kawirikawiri motere.
Kupulumuka kwaufulu: Kupulumuka kwapanda phindu kapena PFS nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza momwe angayankhire mankhwala a khansa, ndipo imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe khansa sichikulira, kapena imakhala yokhazikika. Kwa mankhwala oletsa khansara, m'malo mochiza matenda, kupulumuka kwaulere kungakhale njira yowona kuti mankhwala angapangitse nthawi yayitali (isanafike khansa isagonjetsedwe ndi mankhwala).
PFS imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pofotokoza mankhwala monga chithandizo chamankhwala cha khansa.
Kupulumuka kwa matenda : Matenda osapatsirana ndi matenda amatanthauza kutalika kwa nthawi imene wina amakhalabe alibe khansa yowoneka.
Kupulumuka kwathunthu: Kupulumuka kwathunthu kumatanthawuza kuti nthawi yaitali munthu amatha kukhala ndi matenda a khansa asanamwalire pazifukwa zilizonse kuphatikizapo khansara.
Kupititsa patsogolo Matenda Anu
Kupatulapo mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu akuvomereza, pali zinthu zina zomwe mungadzipangire nokha kuti mukhale ndi chithandizo . Kumbukirani kuti anthu ena akhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ngakhale atayesetsa kulimbana nawo, pamene ena amachita bwino popanda kuyesera. Izi zikuti, pali zinthu zina zomwe anthu angathe kuchita kuti awonetsere zovuta zawo. Kupeza chithandizo kuchokera kwa abwenzi kapena m'madera a khansa kapena kutenga nawo mbali zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse zakhala zikupezedwa kuti zithe kupulumuka kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.
Chenjezo
Ndikofunika kubwerezanso zomwe zizindikiro zimatanthauza. Popeza ndi chiŵerengero ndi kuyerekezera momwe wina angapangire zofanana ndi zotsatira za gulu la anthu. Monga momwe tikudziwira kuti aliyense sali wamkulu ndi wolemera, timadziwa kuti nthawi zina nthawi zambiri sitinganene za munthu aliyense. Komabe ndi khansara, pali mitundu yambiri yowonjezera kusiyana ndi yomwe imapanga kutalika. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chochokera m'zochitika zakale. Ziwerengero zingakuuzeni momwe munthu "wamba" amachitira ndi khansara yofanana ndi yako (koma ndithudi yosiyana mosiyana) panthawi yomwe mankhwala angakhale osiyana kusiyana ndi lero.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khansara, mutamvetsetsa zolephera mukulingalira zowonongeka, pali njira imodzi yomwe anthu ena apeza kuti ndi othandiza. Yesetsani kukonzanso ziwerengero m'maganizo mwanu. Mwachitsanzo, mmalo moganiza kuti 40 peresenti ya anthu sakhala ndi moyo zaka zisanu ali ndi khansa yambiri, dziwani kuti 60 peresenti ya anthu amapulumuka. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti ziŵerengero-ziwerengero zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kuti tiyese kuyerekezera-zidzawoneka zosiyana zaka zisanu kuchokera tsopano kusiyana ndi zomwe zikuchitika lerolino.
Zomwe zimadziwikanso
Zitsanzo: Jill anapatsidwa chithunzithunzi chabwino cha kupulumutsidwa ku khansara yake ya mapapo kuyambira atapezeka kale .
> Zotsatira:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.net. Kumvetsetsa Ziwerengero Zomwe Zingatsogolere Zomwe Zidzatsogolera ndi Kuyeza Chithandizo. Kusinthidwa 03/16. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/cancer-basics/understanding-statistics-used-guide-prognosis-and-evaluate-treatment
> National Cancer Institute. Kumvetsetsa Zokwanira za Khansa. Kusinthidwa 11/24/14. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/diagnosis-staging/prognosis