Khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imapangitsa pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo, pamene ndalama zochepa za khansa ya m'mapapo sizing'ono zazing'ono 85 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo.
Mosiyana ndi khansara ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo, yomwe imagawidwa mu magawo anayi, khansara yaing'ono ya mapapo ya mitsempha yagawanika mu magawo awiri okha; gawo lochepa ndi siteji yambiri. Pafupifupi 30 mpaka 40 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'magazi yaing'ono amapezeka kuti oyambirira - pamene zotupa zawo zimaganiziridwabe moperewera, pamene 60 mpaka 70 peresenti ya anthu amatha kupita patsogolo.
Kansera yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imakhala yowopsya, ikukula mofulumira komanso ikufalikira mofulumira, koma nthawi zambiri imachita bwino ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe amawathandiza kupuma kwa nthawi.
Tanthauzo
Kansera yaing'ono ya khungu yamapapu yochepa imakhala ndi khansara yomwe ilipo m'mapapu amodzi okha ndipo mwina imafalikira ku maselo am'kati mwapafupi kapena minofu pakati pa mapapu koma sinafalikira ( m'magazi ) m'madera ena a thupi.
Khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo amagawanika mu magawo awiri ndi dongosolo la masitepe lomwe limapangidwa ndi ma radiation oncologists. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, "sitepe yochepa " imatanthawuza za zotupa zomwe zimaphatikizapo m'munda wambiri. " Gawo lalikulu " khansa yaing'ono yamapapu ya m'mapapo, mosiyana, imatanthawuza matumbo omwe ndi aakulu kapena ofala kwambiri kuti azingidwe mkati mwa munda umodzi wokhazikika. Kansani yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo yayamba kufalikira kumadera akutali a thupi (matenda a metastatic) nthawi zonse amatengedwa ngati siteji yambiri.
Dokotala wanu angathenso kufotokoza khansa yanu malinga ndi TNM staging . Pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lino, T imayimira kukula kwa chotupacho, N imaimira kukhalapo kwa khansara m'magazi, ndipo M amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera kutalika kwa mitsempha. Ndi kansalu yochepa yopanda selo ya mapapo ya m'mapapo, chotupa chingakhale cha kukula kwake (T) ndipo mwina kapena sichikhala ndi mitsempha yambiri (N) koma nthawi zonse idzakhala M0 (M yotsatira ndi zero), kutanthauza kuti chotupacho osati kufalikira kumapiko ena kapena kumadera akutali a thupi.
Zizindikiro
Mosiyana ndi khansa monga mapapu adenocarcinoma, omwe amapezeka m'madera akutali a m'mapapo, khansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo imayamba kuchitika kwambiri, pafupi ndi misewu yaikulu. Pachifukwachi, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimaphatikizansopo zokhudzana ndi chotupa chomwe chili pamsewu waukulu ( bronchus ), monga chifuwa, kukopa magazi, ndi maulendo obwerezabwereza a chibayo chifukwa cha kulepheretsedwa kwa airways.
Zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mapapo yapafupi ingaphatikizepo izi:
- Chifuwa chopitirira - Chifuwa chachikulu nthawi zambiri ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa yaing'ono ya mapapo.
- Kuwaza magazi (hemoptysis) - Kudula magazi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo. Ngakhale magazi pang'ono ndi ofunika, ndipo kukhwimitsa kuposa supuni ya tiyi kapena timagazi timatengedwa ngati mwachangu.
- Kutupa nkhope ndi khosi
- Kupuma pang'ono
- Kupuma
- Magulu obwerezabwereza a chibayo kapena bronchitis (chifukwa cholepheretsedwa ndi mpweya wa mpweya)
- Kusokonezeka
Zizindikiro zapakhungu - Khansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya mitsempha ingayambitsenso zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha syndromes , zomwe zimakhala ndi mahomoni obisika chifukwa cha chotupa kapena chitetezo cha thupi kumatenda m'malo mwa chotupacho. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
- Kufooka kwa minofu kumapazi apamwamba, masomphenya amasintha, ndi kuvutika kukumeza (Matenda a Lambert-Eaton myasthenic)
- Kufooka, kutopa, ndi mlingo wochepa wa sodium m'magazi (matenda osayenera a antidiuretic hormone secretion, SIADH)
- Kutaya kugwirizanitsa ndi kuvutika kulankhula (kuperewera kwa cerebellar degeneration)
- Kulingalira - Kuwonongeka kwa zala zomwe mapeto a zala zimatenga maonekedwe a supuni yapamwamba.
Zizindikiro za matenda a mitsempha - Khansara yamapapu yapafupi imafotokozedwa ngati khansara yomwe sinafalikire kumadera akutali a thupi. Kansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo, imafala kufalikira, makamaka ku ubongo, ndi khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya khansa. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa zingakhale zogwirizana ndi matenda a ubongo , monga kufooka kumbali imodzi ya thupi, zooneka kusintha, kusintha kwa mawu, kapena kugunda.
Chithandizo
Njira zothandizira khansa ya m'mapapo zimaphatikizapo chithandizo chamankhwala monga malo opaleshoni komanso opaleshoni ndi opaleshoni, komanso mankhwala ochizira monga chemotherapy. Maselo am'chipatala akuyang'ananso ntchito yomwe ingakhale yotheka pa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi kachilombo ka kansa yaling'ono ya m'mapapo.
Chemotherapy ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma radiation - Anthu ambiri amayankha bwino kuphatikiza mankhwala enaake omwe amachititsa mankhwalawa ; ndi khansara yochepa siteji, izi zingathe kupereka chithandizo cha mankhwala.
Opaleshoni - Opaleshoni imachitika kawirikawiri ka kansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo (nthawi zambiri imawoneka kuti imatha kugwira ntchito ) koma nthawi zina imalingalira ngati chotupa chilipo m'mapapu amodzi okha ndi ma lymph nodes pafupi. Kachilombo ka mankhwala a adjuvant (chemotherapy pambuyo pa opaleshoni) kawirikawiri amalimbikitsidwa ngati opaleshoni yachitidwa kwa khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo.
Kuwopsa kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana - Ngati anthu ayamba kuchiritsidwa, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti asapitirire ubongo - amawalimbikitsa kuchepetsa chiopsezo kuti maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe afalikira ku ubongo, koma sakuwoneka pa maphunziro a radiology, zidzakula ndikupangitsa zizindikiro.
Mayesero a zachipatala - Mayesero a chipatala akupitirira pa magawo onse awiri a kansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo, kuyesa njira zatsopano zothandizira khansa yaukali. Nyuzipepala ya National Cancer Institute imalimbikitsa kuti aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo amvetsetse kutenga nawo mbali pazoyezetsa magazi.
Kuthamangitsani
Kupulumuka kwa khansa yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya khansa yakula bwino kuyambira kuwonjezereka kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma ARV ndi kugwiritsa ntchito PCI, koma amakhalabe otsika. Kachilombo ka kansa ya kansa ya m'mapapo yaying'ono kwambiri mosiyana ndi siteji. Pakalipano, zaka zisanu zapakati pachitetezo cha kansalu ya khansa yaing'ono ya mapaipi ndipakati pa 31 peresenti, ndipo 19 peresenti ya pulogalamu 2. Ndi anthu 10 okha pa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ochepa okha omwe sasonyeza kuti ali ndi khansara zaka ziwiri ataphunzira. Popeza khansara yaing'ono ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo ikukula mofulumira, ndipo takhala tikuyenda kutali ndi khansa yowonjezera mofulumira monga khansa ya m'magazi, tikuyembekeza kuti chithandizo chabwino chidzapezeka mtsogolomu.
Kodi Ndingatani Kuti Ndidzithandize?
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuphunzira zomwe mungathe pa khansara yanu yamapapu kungapangitse chithandizo chanu. Funsani mafunso. Fufuzani za mayesero a zachipatala zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kwa inu. Ganizirani kulowetsa gulu lothandizira . Funsani ndipo mulole okondedwa anu akuthandizeni inu mu ulendo wanu ndi khansa.
Ndikofunika kukhala mtsogoleri wanu yemwe muli ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za kusintha kwakukulu pochiza khansa ya m'mapapo, makamaka khansara ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo, ikupita patsogolo.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Khansa Yam'mimba (Cell Small.) Kugonana kwa Cell Small Lung Cancer Survival Rate by Stage. Kusinthidwa 05/16/16.
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net Khansa Yam'mimba - Cell Small: Chithandizo Chaguzi. 10/2016.
National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kachilombo ka Cell Cell (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 11/09/17.