Kusanthula zachilengedwe ndi njira kuti asayansi ayang'ane zokhudzana ndi zochitika zazikulu zokhudzana ndi thanzi la anthu. Mu maphunziro awa, ochita kafukufuku amafufuza thanzi la chiwerengero cha anthu kale komanso pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, kachitidwe ka zachilengedwe kaŵirikaŵiri kamapangidwa pa deta yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa kale komanso pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa dongosolo la katemera.
Zitha kukhazikitsanso pambuyo pazinthu zina zazikulu zathanzi.
Kufufuza kwa chilengedwe kukuyang'ana thanzi la anthu, osati la anthu pawokha. Iwo amachokera pa chiŵerengero cha chiŵerengero cha anthu ndipo samaganizira kawirikawiri momwe munthu angapangidwire. Choncho, kafukufuku wa zachilengedwe omwe amawoneka pa mapepala osagwira ntchito a Pap apere ndi pokhapokha pulogalamu ya katemera ya HPV yapadziko lonse sichiyang'ana ngati munthu wina aliyense adatemera katemera. M'malo mwake, kungoyang'ana kuchuluka kwa zotsatira zowonongeka m'zaka zapakati ndi zisanafike katemera wayamba.
Ngakhale kufufuza kwa zachilengedwe kungakhale kofunikira kwambiri poyang'ana zotsatira za kupititsa patsogolo kwakukulu, sizingatheke chifukwa chakuti sungayang'ane chifukwa ndi zotsatira mwa anthu pawokha. Ndikofunika kuziganizira izi pomasulira zotsatira zawo.
Kufufuza kwa zinthu zachilengedwe sikungokhala kufufuza zotsatira za zithandizo zaumoyo.
Zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuganizira zotsatira za kusintha kwa ndale kapena zachilengedwe komanso masoka achilengedwe pa thanzi kapena kuyang'ana zotsatira zopanda thanzi. Chokhacho chomwe chimapanga chidziwitso cha chilengedwe ndi chakuti unit of analysis ndi anthu, osati munthu.
Komanso: Kuphunzira zachilengedwe
Zitsanzo
Kafukufuku wa zachilengedwe wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsutsa kugwirizana komwe kulipo pakati pa autism ndi katemera wa MMR. Akatswiri ofufuza atafufuza za autism amachepetsa mapulogalamu oyambitsa katemera asanayambe kapena atatha (asanathenso ndi pambuyo pake) asanayambe kugwirizana pakati pa autism ndi katemera. M'malo mwake, zikuwoneka kuti ma autism amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi - mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwa zizindikiro komanso / kapena zosadziŵika bwino zachilengedwe.
Chitsanzo china cha kusanthula zachilengedwe ndi amene tatchulidwa pamwambapa - kufufuza zotsatira za katemera wa HPV pa mapiritsi osapitirira a Pap , kapena khansa ya chiberekero , mitengo. Maphunziro angapo achita chotero, m'mayiko omwe ali ndi katemera wambiri wa katemera wa HPV omwe wawonetsedwa ku United States. Kafukufuku ku Netherlands, England, ndi Australia awonetsa kuchepa kwa ziwalo za chiwerewere komanso kusinthika kwa chibelekero cha khansa.
Zotsatira:
M'baleton JM, Fridman M, May CL, Chappell G, Saville AM, Gertig DM. Kuyambira pachiyambi kwa pulogalamu ya katemera wa HPV pa zochitika zachilendo ku Victoria, Australia. Lancet. 2011 Jun 18; 377 (9783): 2085-92. lembani: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (11) 60551-5.
Howell-Jones R, Soldan K, Wetten S, Mesher D, Williams T, Gill ON, Hughes G. Kuthetsa ziwalo zowonongeka kwa amayi achichepere ku England zogwirizana ndi katemera wa HPV 16/18: phunziro la zachilengedwe. J Wopatsa Dis Dis. 2013 Nov 1; 208 (9): 1397-403. lembani: 10.1093 / infdis / jit361.
Sandø N, Kofoed K, Zachariae C, Fouchard J. Kuchuluka kwa zipolopolo zamtundu wankhanza kwa amuna ndi akazi a ku Danish pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu ya katemera ya anthu ya papillomavirus ya atsikana - maphunziro a zachilengedwe. Acta Derm Venereol. 2014 May; 94 (3): 288-92. onetsani: 10.2340 / 00015555-1721.