Zifukwa za Manja, Mapazi, ndi Mlomo Wodwala
Pafupi ndi norovirus , coxsackievirus mwina ndi imodzi mwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri omwe simunamveko. Choyamba anapeza m'zaka za m'ma 1940, ndi mtundu wa nonlio polio enterovirus. Gulu la mavairasi amakhalanso ndi echoviruses ndi enteroviruses (imodzi mwa iwo, enterovirus D68 , inachititsa kuti kuphulika kwa maiko onse ku United States kugwirizane ndi chiwindi choopsa cha kufooka).
Ngakhale kuti simukudziwana ndi coxsackievirus, komabe ngati muli ndi mwana muli ndi mwayi wodziwa za matendawa ndi momwe mliri umodzi umapangitsira dzanja, phazi, ndi mkamwa (HFMD). Ndi matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa ubongo, omwe amachititsidwa ndi coxsackievirus A16.
Zonse, pali serotypes 29 za coxsackievirus zomwe zingayambitse matenda mwa anthu, monga:
- Coxsackievirus A2-8, A10, A12, A14, A16 (mtundu wa Human enterovirus A)
- Coxsackievirus A9 (mtundu wa Human enterovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus B1-6 (mtundu wa Human enterovirus B)
- Coxsackievirus A1, A11, A13, A17, A19-22, A24 (mtundu wa Human enterovirus C)
Kuchokera mu 2007, coxsackievirus A6 yakhala ikuyambitsa milandu yoopsa komanso yowopsya ya HFMD ku United States, kuphatikizapo akuluakulu.
Matenda osiyanasiyana a Coxsackievirus
Apanso, HFMD, ali ndi zilonda m'makamwa ndi m'matumbo pamwana ndi miyendo, ndiye kuti ndi matenda omwe amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha coxsackievirus, koma coxsackievirus imathandizidwanso ndi:
- matenda opatsirana pogonana: matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amafalikira kwa mwanayo
- Matenda opatsirana mwachisawawa: amapezeka kawirikawiri, koma amachititsa kuti magazi asatuluke, matenda a chiwindi, kuthamanga kwa meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, ndi sepsis, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuphulika kwa chiwerengero cha matenda a coxsackievirus B1 mu 2007
- Chiwombankhanga chachikulu cha conjunctivitis: Coxsackievirus A24 ingayambitse kuphulika kwa diso la pinki ndi kugwidwa kochepa kwa magazi
- Matenda a m'mimba: Coxsackievirus ingayambitse matenda a chiwindi, kutsekula m'mimba, kapena gastroenteritis , ndi HUS.
- herpangina: ofanana ndi HFMD, ali ndi zilonda zakumlomo, koma popanda kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga pamimba kapena mapazi a mwanayo
- meningitis
- Myopericarditis: kutupa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndi minofu yozungulira mtima, yomwe ingayambitsidwe ndi matenda a coxsackievirus B1, B2, ndi B5.
- Myositis: kutupa kwa minofu, yomwe ingayambitsidwe ndi matenda a coxsackievirus
- mapiri a petechial ndi purpuric: makamaka ndi coxsackievirus A9, yomwe ingasokonezedwe ndi Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP)
- Chizungu: Chifuwa chachikulu cha mfupa chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha kutupa kwa chifuwachi ndipo chikugwirizana ndi matenda a coxsackievirus
- Matenda a kupuma: Nthawi zambiri ndi chifuwa chofewa, mphuno yothamanga, ndi khosi ndipo zingayambitsidwe ndi coxsackievirus A21 ndi A24 m'mwezi wa chilimwe
The coxsackievirus imatha kuyambitsa matenda oopsa omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa asapitirire .
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a coxsackievirus alibe zizindikiro konse, ndipo palibe katemera, mankhwala, kapena chithandizo cha matenda a coxsackievirus kupatula chithandizo chochirikiza ndi kuchiza zizindikiro.
Izi zimawopsya, koma mwatsoka, matenda ofala kwambiri a coxsackievirus sali ovuta.
Kupeza ndi Kupewa Matenda a Coxsackievirus
Ana amatha kudwala masiku atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi atakhala ndi munthu wina yemwe ali ndi matenda a coxsackievirus (nthawi yopuma ). Kodi amapeza bwanji kachilomboka?
Mofanana ndi matenda ambiri a tizilombo, coxsackievirus imafalikira ndi ziwalo zonse zamkati (kulankhula molunjika kapena mwachindunji ndi chotupa) ndi kutuluka kwa kupuma (wina akukakuta kapena kukupusitsani). Angathenso kutenga matendawa pogwira chinthu choipitsidwa (fomite).
Mwachitsanzo, CDC imati "mukhoza kutenga kachilombo ka kupsompsona munthu amene ali ndi dzanja, phazi, ndi pakamwa kapena pogwiritsa ntchito gologiki yomwe imakhala ndi mavairasi, kenako imakhudza maso, pakamwa, kapena mphuno."
Komabe, chifukwa ana amatha kukhetsa coxsackievirus m'mabedi awo ndi kupuma kwapakati (masapato ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo) kwa milungu ingapo zizindikiro zawo zatha kapena ngakhale popanda zizindikiro, kuphulika kungakhale kovuta kuti muzipewa kapena kupewa.
Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri palibe malangizo okhwima kuti asamapite kusukulu ndi kusamalira ana ngati ali ndi HFMD. Mwachitsanzo, CDC imati "Muyenera kukhala panyumba mukamadwala ndi dzanja, phazi, ndi matenda a pakamwa," osati kuti mukhale kunyumba mukakhala ndi HFMD. Ndipo ku Texas, Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo imanena kuti ana omwe ali ndi HFMD angathe kupita ku sukulu ndi kusamalira tsiku lililonse ngati alibe fever.
Mosasamala kanthu, kudula manja, kupeĊµa kusungunuka, ndi kupiritsa mankhwala owonongeka poyerekeza ndi zofunikira kuposa kale kuti tipewe kudwala ndikufalitsa matendawa.
Zomwe Mudziwa Zokhudza Coxsackievirus
Zinthu zina zoti mudziwe za matenda a coxsackievirus ndi awa:
- Mayiko ena nthawi zina amawona milandu yoopsa ya HFMD, yomwe imayambitsa matendawa ndi enterovirus 71.
- Coxsackievirus sichionedwa kuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri pa nthawi ya mimba, osati ngati Fifth disease, ngakhale kuti muyenera kuteteza ndondomeko zoyenera ndikupewa aliyense amene ali ndi HFMD kapena matenda ena a coxsackievirus ngati muli ndi pakati.
- Ngakhale kuti amakangana, akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 akhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda oyamba a coxsackievirus B.
- Khungu lofikira manja ndi mapazi ndi misomali ya msomali ikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa matenda a coxsackievirus, makamaka coxsackievirus A6. Kuwongolera kwa msomali kumaphatikizapo kukhala ndi mizere ya Beau (zozama, zowonongeka m'misomali ya mwana), kusweka kwa msomali, kutaya misomali imodzi kapena yambiri ndipo imatha miyezi iwiri pambuyo poyambitsa matenda.
- Kuyesera kungatheke kwa mitundu yambiri ya coxsackievirus, kuphatikizapo reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ndi chikhalidwe, koma sizingatheke kawirikawiri kapena kuchitidwa mwamsanga ku ofesi ya ana. Sichiyenera kutero ngakhale.
- Kuphulika kwa matenda ena a coxsackievirus amayamba kuchitika zaka zitatu kapena zisanu, pamene ena amazungulira pamunsi pang'onopang'ono, makamaka m'madera otentha. M'madera ena a dziko lapansi, kuphatikizapo US, matenda a coxsackievirus amapezeka kwambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndi kugwa.
- Kukhala ndi matenda ndi coxsackievirus serotype sikukupatseni chitetezo kwa ena onse, kotero mukhoza, ndipo mwinamwake mutha kutenga matenda a coxsackievirus nthawi zambiri m'moyo wanu. Kugwirizanitsa pakati pa serotypes kungapereke chitetezo, ngakhale.
Zotsatira:
Matenda Owonjezeka ndi Matenda Ochepetsa Matenda Ogonana Ophatikizana Ophatikizidwa ndi Coxsackievirus B1 Infection. United States. 2007. MMWR. May 23, 2008/57 (20); 553-556.
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