Matenda a hamartamu ndi amagazi ambiri, koma ngati dokotala akukuuzani kuti muli nawo, mukhoza kuopa. Anthu ambiri sanamvepo za zotupa zoterezi, ndipo amatha kuwoneka ngati khansara pa maphunziro ojambula zithunzi. Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kuwafunsa dokotala wanu?
Mwachidule
Hamartoma ndi chotupa (chosakhala ndi khansa) chotupa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi "zizolowezi" zomwe zimapezeka kudera lomwe amakula.
Mwachitsanzo, hamartoma yamapapu ndi kukula kwa mazira osakhala ndi khansa kuphatikizapo mafuta, mapangidwe othandizira, ndi katsabola komwe amapezeka m'madera a mapapo.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ma hamartom ndi minofu yachibadwa ndi ma hamartamu omwe amakula mu misala yosasokonezeka. Maartartas ambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono, pamlingo wofanana ndi maselo ambiri. Iwo ndi ofala kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi. Ngakhale kuti ena ali olowa, palibe amene akudziwa bwinobwino chimene chimayambitsa zambiri za kukulaku.
Chikoka
Anthu ambiri sanamvepo za matenda a nyamakazi koma amakhala ndi ziphuphu zambiri. Matenda otchedwa mavotoma ndiwo mtundu wochuluka wa chifuwa chofewa cha m'mapapo, ndipo zotupa za m'mapapo amadzimadzi ndizofala.
Zizindikiro
Matenda a Hamartomas sangayambitse zizindikiro zilizonse, kapena amachititsa kusokonezeka chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa ziwalo zozungulira ndi matenda. Zizindikiro izi zimasiyana malinga ndi malo a hamartoma. Chimodzi mwa "zizindikiro" zofala kwambiri ndi mantha, monga zotupazi zikhoza kuwoneka ngati khansara zikapezeka, makamaka pazithunzi zojambula.
Malo
Hamartomas ikhoza kuchitika pafupifupi paliponse m'thupi. Zina mwazofala kwambiri ndizo:
- Maungulo: Maatartomas a pululini (mapapu) ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri pamatenda a m'mapapo. Amapezeka kawirikawiri pamene chifuwa cha x-ray kapena chifuwa cha CT chikuchitidwa chifukwa china. Ngati zimachitika pamtunda, zingayambitse chibayo komanso bronchiectasis .
- Khungu: Hamartomas ikhoza kupezeka paliponse pakhungu, koma ndilofala pamaso, milomo, ndi khosi.
- Mtima: Monga chotupa cha mtima kwambiri mwa ana, matenda a nyamakazi angayambitse zizindikiro za mtima wosalimba.
- Hypothalamus: Popeza hypothalamus ili m'kati mwa ubongo, zizindikiro chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kumayandikana ali pafupi ndizofala. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi monga kugwedeza, kusintha kwa umunthu, ndi kumayambiriro kwa msinkhu waunyamata.
- Impso: Hamatomas ikhoza kupezeka pa zojambula zojambula za impso, koma nthawi zina zimayambitsa matenda a impso.
- Malonda: Hamartomas mu ntchentche amatha kupweteka m'mimba.
Hamartomas (Lumboni)
Monga taonera kale, matenda a mapapu ammapapo ndi amodzi omwe amapezeka m'mapapo ndipo nthawi zambiri amawonekera mwangozi pamene chifuwa cha chifuwa chachitika chifukwa china. Powonjezera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa CT poyeza kansa ya m'mapapo kwa anthu omwe ali pangozi, zikutheka kuti anthu ambiri adzapezeka ndi matenda a m'tsogolomu.
Ngati mwakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a CT komanso dokotala akuganiza kuti mungakhale ndi chotupa choopsa monga harmartoma, phunzirani zomwe zimachitika mukakhala ndi chifuwa pa kuyang'ana komanso mwayi wokhala khansa.
Matenda a Hamartom angakhale ovuta kusiyanitsa ndi khansa koma ali ndi makhalidwe omwe amawasiyanitsa. Mafotokozedwe a " calccorn calcification " -kuyimira zithunzi zomwe zimawoneka ngati phokoso pa CT scan-ndizochidziwitso kwambiri. Kuyeza (ma calcium omwe amaoneka oyera pa maphunziro a X-ray) ndi wamba. Cavitation, malo apakati a kuwonongeka kwa minofu x-rays, siwodziwika. Ambiri mwa zotupazi ndi osachepera masentimita awiri m'mimba mwake.
Kodi Kukula Kumeneku Kufalikira?
Mosiyana ndi zotupa zowopsa (khansa), ma khwartomasi samafala ku zigawo zina za thupi. Izi zanenedwa, malingana ndi malo awo, zikhoza kuwononga mwa kuyika kukakamiza kumayandikana nawo.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a Cowden (matenda omwe anthu ali ndi maatartoma ambiri) amatha kukhala ndi khansa, makamaka m'mawere ndi chithokomiro. Kotero ngakhale kuti nyamakazi zimakhala zoopsa, dokotala wanu angafunike kufufuza bwinobwino komanso mwinamwake kufufuza kuti athetse khansa.
Zimayambitsa
Palibe amene amadziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a nyamakazi, ngakhale kuti ndizofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake monga matenda a Cowden.
Hamartomas ndi Cowden Syndrome
Kawirikawiri ma Hamartom amapezeka ngati nthendayi yotchedwa Cowden's disease. Matenda a Cowden kawirikawiri amayamba chifukwa cha majeremusi ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lanu likhale ndi chilengedwe , kutanthauza kuti ngati bambo kapena mayi anu atengera kusintha kwa thupi lanu, mwayi womwe mungakhale nawo ndi pafupifupi 50 peresenti. Kuphatikiza pa maatartomas ambiri (okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a PTEN gene mutation,) anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere, chithokomiro, ndi chiberekero, nthawi zambiri zimayamba zaka za m'ma 30 ndi 40.
Matenda monga matenda a Cowden amathandiza kufotokozera chifukwa chake dokotala ayenera kukhala ndi mbiri yakale ya khansa iliyonse (kapena zina) zomwe zimachitika m'banja lanu . Mu syndromes monga awa, sikuti anthu onse adzakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wa khansara, koma kuphatikiza mitundu ina ya khansa ndiwotheka.
Chithandizo
Matenda opangira hamartoma amadalira kwambiri malo omwe ali ndi chotupacho komanso ngati ayi kapena ayi. Ngati matenda a nyamakazi sakuyambitsa matenda, dokotala wanu angalimbikitse kuti chotupacho chisiyidwe chokha ndi kusunga nthawi.
Opaleshoni
Panakhala zokambirana zambiri zokhudzana ndi ngati matabwa a nyamakazi ayenera kuwonedwa kapena kuchotsedwa opaleshoni. Kufufuza kwa chaka cha 2015 kuyesa kufotokoza nkhaniyi poyeza chiopsezo cha imfa ndi mavuto chifukwa cha opaleshoni ndi chiopsezo cha kubwereka kwa chotupacho. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti matenda opatsirana amatha kupangidwa ndi kuphatikiza zofukufuku zojambula bwino ndi chida chabwino cha singano ndipo opaleshoniyo iyenera kusungidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro chifukwa cha chotupa chawo kapena anthu omwe akukayikirabe za matendawa.
Ndondomekoyi, pakufunika kwa matenda a mapapu amphatikizapo mphete resection (kuchotsa chifuwacho ndi chigawo chokhala ndi khola pafupi ndi chotupa), lobectomy (kuchotsa imodzi ya mapafu), kapena pneumonectomy (kuchotsa mapapo)
Mafunso Ofunsa Dokotala Wanu
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi hamartoma, ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kuwafunsa dokotala wanu? Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo:
- Kodi hamartoma yanga iyenera kuchotsedwa (mwachitsanzo, ingayambitse mavuto alionse)?
- Ndi zizindikiro zotani zomwe ndingathe kuziyembekezera ngati zikukula?
- Kodi ndi njira yanji yomwe mukupangira kuti muchotse chotupa changa?
- Kodi ndifuna zochitika zina zamtsogolo mtsogolo?
- Kodi pali kuthekera kwakuti ndili ndi chibadwa chosinthika mthupi chomwe chinayambitsa chifuwa changa, ndipo ngati chiripo, kodi pali zotsatila zotsatila zomwe ndiyenera kukhala nazo, monga mafupipafupi ambiri? Kodi mungapangire uphungu wokhudzana ndi majini? Ngati mukulingalira zoyezetsa matenda a khansara ndizothandiza kuti uphungu ukhale woyamba. Mungafunse kudzifunsa nokha, "Ndikanatani nditadziwa kuti ndili ndi chiopsezo cha khansa?"
Manodoma Ena Okhazikika
Kuphatikiza pa matenda a nyamakazi, pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafinya amphasa .
Pansi
Matenda a Hamartomas ali oopsa (osakhudzana ndi khansa) omwe sangathe kufalikira kumbali zina za thupi lanu. Nthawi zina amasiyidwa okha, koma ngati akuyambitsa zizindikiro chifukwa cha malo awo, kapena ngati matendawa sali otsimikizika, opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho chingakonzedwe.
Kwa anthu ena, hamartoma ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha gene gene mutation yomwe ingapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa zina monga khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa ya chithokomiro. Ndikofunika kulankhula ndi adokotala za mayesero apadera omwe muyenera kukhala nawo ngati ndi choncho. Kulankhulana ndi mthandizi wa zamoyo kungatithandizenso.
> Zotsatira:
> Edey, A., ndi D. Hansell. Zidali zovuta kuziwona mitsempha yaing'ono ya pulmonary pa CT. Maphunziro a Zamankhwala Achipatala . 2009. 64 (9): 872-84.
> Elsayed, H., Abdel Hady, S., ndi S. Elbastawisy. Kodi Kugonana N'kofunika Kwambiri pa Zomwe Zimatsimikiziridwa Zomwe Zimapangidwira? . Kugwiritsa Ntchito Opaleshoni Yophatikizapo Opaleshoni Ndiponso Opaleshoni Yophulika . 2015. 21 (6): 773-6.
> Farooq, A. et al. Matenda a Cowden. Ndemanga za Chithandizo cha Khansa . 2010. 36 (8): 577-83.
> Saqi, A. et al. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mpweya wamapadonomu omwe amadziwika ndi CT. Kachilomboka . 2008. 19 (3): 185-191.
> National Library of Medicine. Cowden Syndrome. 08/22/17. https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cowden-syndrome