Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka posachedwapa ndi khansara ya chikhodzodzo, ndikofunika kuti mutenge nthawi yambiri mukukambirana. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana, kuchokera mu mkwiyo kuti musakhulupirire, muyenera kumalimbikitsidwa kuti mwatenga kale njira zoyenera kuti muthane ndi matenda anu atsopano-ndiko kuphunzira za izo.
Mwachidule cha khansara ya chikhodzodzo, tidzakambirana zokhazokha za chikhodzodzo ndi momwe zimakhalira mu njira yamakono, momwe kansa imayambira pamenepo, ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chikhalidwe.
Onetsetsani kuti muli okonzekera kuti mukambirane bwino ndi gulu lanu la thanzi.
Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Urinary Tract System
Mankhwalawa amatengera ziwalo zotsatirazi:
- Impso
- Ureters
- Chikhodzodzo
- Urethra
- Prostate gland (amuna okha)
Impso ndi ziwalo ziwiri zooneka ngati nyemba zomwe zili kumbuyo kwa mimba, pansi pa chifuwa kumanzere, ndi pansi pa chiwindi kumanja. Iwo ali ndi ntchito zitatu zazikulu:
- Sungunulani zonyansa kuchokera ku magazi
- Pangani mkodzo
- Gwiritsani ntchito kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso mchere ndi madzi
Pamene mkodzo umapangidwa ndi impso, umayenda kudzera mu chubu yokhudzana ndi impso, yotchedwa ureter. Amadzimadziwa ali ndi minofu ndi mitsempha yomwe imayendetsa mkodzo mpaka mu chikhodzodzo.
Chikhodzodzo ndi chiwalo chopanda pake chomwe chimasunga mkodzo-kuzungulira makapu awiri pa nthawi-ndipo ili pamapiri. Mukamayambitsa, mkodzo wa chikhodzodzo, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi ubongo wanu ndi msana, umatulutsa mkodzo kunja kwa chikhodzodzo kupita mu urethra, njira yomwe imanyamula mkodzo kunja kwa thupi.
Kwa amuna ndi akazi, urethra imagwira ntchito yomweyo. Ngakhale, mwa amuna, urethra imadutsa mu prostate gland , chiwalo cha mtedza chomwe chiri pafupi ndi pansi pa chikhodzodzo. Ngakhale kuti prostate gland imakhudzidwa ndi kubereka kwa amuna, sizimapangitsa kuti mkodzo ubwere.
Kodi Khansa Yamtundu Wathu Ikukula Bwanji?
Zamoyo zimapangidwa ndi maselo ndipo, m'thupi labwino, maselo amakula ndikugawanika mwadongosolo. Koma, nthawi zina, pamene maselo omwe ali m'thupi amayamba kukula ndi kugawa molakwika, khansa ikhoza kuchitika.
Maselo a khansawa akuchulukitsa, potsiriza kupanga chotupa kapena misa zomwe zingathe kugonjetsa tizilombo tomwe tili pafupi, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito zawo ndipo zingayambitse zizindikiro (monga magazi mu mkodzo kapena ululu). Ngati sichikuchiritsidwa, khansara ikhoza kulowa m'magazi ndi / kapena pafupi ndi maselo omwe ali pafupi ndikufalikira kumbali zina za thupi.
Chikhodzodzo chimakhala ndi zigawo zingapo ndipo gawo lililonse limakhala ndi maselo osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Chikhodzodzo chamkati, chotchedwa urothelium, ndi kumene khansa yambiri ya chikhodzodzo imayamba.
Maselo omwe ali mkati amatchedwa maselo osintha, chifukwa chake mwinamwake mutamva mawu akuti transitional cell carcinoma kapena urothelial carcinoma. (Carcinoma ndilo liwu lina la khansa). Maselo osinthika amatambasula ngati chikhodzodzo chidzaza ndi mkodzo ndikuwongolera pamene chikhodzodzo chilibe kanthu.
Kokha kunja kwa urothelium ndi mitsempha yambiri ya mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi mitsempha yotsatira minofu yambiri ya mitsempha ndiyeno mafuta osanjikiza.
Monga khansara ya chikhodzodzo ikukula, ikhoza kufalikira kapena kupyolera mu zigawo izi.
Khansara yamtsempha ikakhala yowonjezera, imatengedwa ngati yovuta, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizovuta kuchiza. Khansara ya chikhodzodzo kapena yosadziwika ndi yosavuta kuchiza, monga iliri.
Chithunzi chachikulu apa ndi chakuti khansara yambiri ya chikhodzodzo imatuluka, imakula kwambiri ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Pakapita nthawi, khansa ya chikhodzodzo imatha kufalikira kumadera opanda chikhodzodzo kapena ngakhale ziwalo zina, monga mafupa, chiwindi, kapena mapapo. Izi zimatchedwa metastasis .
Mitundu ya Khansa Yachikhodzodzo
Kaya inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mwapezeka ndi khansara ya chikhodzodzo (kapena mumangofuna kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo), nkofunika kuti mukhalebe otetezeka mu chikhodzodzo chanu ndi thanzi lanunthu.
Phunzirani zomwe mungathe, koma yesetsani kuti musagwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsatanetsatane.
Khalani ndi chithunzi chachikulu, lembani zina mwazinthu izi, ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukuyankha mafunso kapena zodandaula ndi dokotala wanu. Nazi zina mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi zomwe muyenera kudziwa.
Kachilombo koopsa
Urothelial carcinoma (yemwenso amadziwika kuti khansa yapakati ya selo) ndiyo mtundu wochuluka kwambiri wa kansa ya chikhodzodzo, yomwe imapezeka 90 mpaka 95 peresenti ya odwala. Ili ndi magawo awiri:
- Papillary carcinoma
- Flat carcinoma
Mankhwalawa amasonyeza momwe khansara imayambira ndikukula mkati mwa chikhodzodzo. Karatasi ya papillary imawoneka ngati chala ndipo ikukula kuchokera mkati mwa chikhodzodzo, urothelium, kupita pakati. Ndipo, chifukwa zimakulira pakati, zimapewa kuthamangira zakunja za chikhodzodzo.
Mosiyana, carcinoma yowonongeka ikuwoneka ngati mthunzi wamba kapena kukula komwe kuli mkati mwa chikhodzodzo. Mosiyana ndi mapepala a papillary, iwo samakula kupita pakati.
Kusuta fodya ndicho chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kukula kwa urothelial carcinoma. Zimatenga theka la matenda onse ku United States.
Kansa ya Squamous Cancer
Kuphatikizana ndi matenda oopsa a khansa, palinso mitundu ina ya khansa yosachiritsika, koma izi sizodziwika bwino. Mwachitsanzo, squamous cell carcinoma ya chikhodzodzo imayamba m'maselo ofooketsa, omwe amatchedwa maselo a squamous omwe angapangitse chikhodzodzo pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali.
Chitsanzo chabwino cha squamous cell carcinoma cha chikhodzodzo chiri mwa munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka schistosoma haematobium, yomwe imapezeka ku Africa ndi Middle East. Matenda osakanikirana ndi makoswe kapena kukhumudwa ndi catheter yokhalamo angakhalenso ndi zifukwa zowopsa.
Adenocarcinoma
Mtundu uwu ndi wosawerengeka, wowerengera pafupifupi pafupifupi magawo awiri mpaka awiri mwa khansa yonse ya chikhodzodzo ku United States. Monga squamous cell carcinoma, matenda opatsirana ndi majeremusi Schistosoma haematobium kapena kupsa mtima kwa chikhodzodzo kungapangitse mwayi wa munthu kukhala ndi adenocarcinoma.
Mitundu Ina
Pali mitundu yina yosawerengeka ya khansara ya chikhodzodzo, monga khungu kakang'ono ka kansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi melanoma. Mosasamala kanthu za mtunduwu, komabe, mankhwalawa amakhala ofanana ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo, ngakhale kuti chemotherapy imasiyana.
Khansara ya Chikhodzodzo: Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro
Kudziwa kutalika kwa khansara ya chikhodzodzo cha munthu kumatchedwa kutchedwa staging. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wa dokotala chifukwa zimatanthauza dongosolo la mankhwala.
Kansera ya kansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kafukufuku wa dokotala ndipo imatanthawuza momwe maselo a kansa amayendera pansi pa microscope. Khansara ya chikhodzodzo ikhoza kukhala yochepa kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti maselo a khansa amawoneka ngati maselo abwino a chikhodzodzo, kapena apamwamba kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti maselo a khansa amaoneka ngati osawoneka ndipo sakonda maselo abwino a chikhodzodzo.
Khansara yamakono ya chikhodzodzo sichitha kufalikira mu minofu yambiri ya chikhodzodzo, pamene khansa yapamwamba imakhala yowonjezera. Zonsezi, izi zikutanthauza kuti khansa yapamwamba ya chikhodzodzo imapereka mwayi kwa odwala mwayi wochulukitsa.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuyenda kansa ya chikhodzodzo kumafuna nthawi ndi kuleza mtima ndi kuyembekezera kuti njira yotsatira ingakhale yovuta nthawi zina. Koma ndi gulu labwino komanso maganizo, inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukhoza kusamalira bwino zomwe zikubwera. Pitirizani kuchita khama pofunsa mafunso ndipo onetsetsani kuti mupitiliza kupanga zosankha zabwino tsiku ndi tsiku.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Kodi khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi chiyani? January 2016.
> Dadhania V, Czerniak B, Guo CC. Adenocarcinoma ya Chikhodzodzo cha Urinary. Am J Clin Exp Urol . 2015; 3 (2): 51-63.
> McNeil, B. Njira Zoyamba-Ndadziwidwa Ndi Khansa Yachikhodzodzo. Mu Gonzalgo ML (Ed), Guide ya Mliri wa Khansara Yamtenda (1-6). Massachusetts: Jones ndi Bartlett Ofalitsa. 2011.
> Sharma S, Ksheersagar P, ndi Sharma P. Kuzindikira ndi Chithandizo cha Khansa Yachikhodzodzo. Am Phys Physician . 1; 80 (7): 717-23. October 2009.