Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukuyang'anitsitsa khansara ya chikhodzodzo, ikhoza kukhala nthawi yodetsa nkhawa. Koma mwa kuphunzira zambiri momwe mungathere pa vutoli, kuphatikizapo mayesero omwe amachitidwa kuti muwone, mumakhala mukugwira ntchito yanu mosamala.
Komanso, yesetsani kukhala okonzeka, khalani osamala posankha gulu lanu la khansa ya chikhodzodzo, ndipo pikani kuikidwa ndi mayesero ndi wokondedwa kapena wokondedwa wanu wokondedwa.
Kutulukira-Kudziwa
Matenda a khansa ya chikhodzodzo imayamba ndi kukambirana bwinobwino ndi dokotala wanu. Kuwonjezera pa kubwereza zizindikiro zanu, dokotala wanu angakufunseni mafunso okhudzana ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo , monga ngati mumasuta fodya (kapena muli ndi mbiri yake) kapena muli ndi mankhwala enaake kuntchito.
Dokotala wanu nayenso adzafufuza. Kwa amuna, izo zimaphatikizapo kufufuza koyerekeza ndi mayeso a prostate ; Kwa amayi, kafukufuku wamakono amachitidwa. Cholinga cha mayesowa ndiwone ngati chirichonse chosawonongeka chingamveke, ngati chotupa cha chikhodzodzo.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mkodzo ndi mkodzo kumathandizanso kuti zizindikiro zanu zisachoke ku matenda, omwe ndi ovuta kuposa khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ngati mulibe kachilombo ka HIV kapena / kapena ngati mulibe vuto lililonse ndi mayesero kapena kafukufuku wanu, mudzatumizidwa kwa dokotala wa urologist , dokotala yemwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri pochiza matenda a mitsempha (ndi njira yobereka).
Mayesero a Lab
Mukamachezera urologist wanu, adzalangiza mayesero ovuta kwambiri kuti athandizidwe ndi matenda anu.
Mitsempha yotchedwa Urine Cytology
Ndi mkodzo wotchedwa cytology, dokotala amayang'ana pansi pa microscope pamtsinje wa munthu kuti afufuze maselo a kansa. Pamene mkodzo wa cytology uli bwino kulamulira khansa ya chikhodzodzo, siyeso yodalirika yolamulira khansara ya chikhodzodzo.
Ndicho chifukwa chake siyeso la kuyesera bwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro za kansa ya chikhodzodzo.
Mitsempha ya Mitsempha Yamakono
Pali mayeso angapo omwe angayang'ane mapuloteni kapena zizindikiro mu mkodzo zomwe zikukayikira khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Monga urtolo cytology, zotupa zamatumbo zimakhala ndi zolephera zawo. Mayeserowa angaphonye anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo kapena mayesero akhoza kukhala osalongosoka kwa anthu omwe alibe khansara, zomwe zingayambitse nkhawa ndi kuyesa kosafunikira.
Mayesero Otsatira
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zowonjezereka, komabe zosavuta, zosankha.
Zosindikiza
Pamodzi ndi mayeso a mkodzo, katswiri wa urologist amachititsa kacoscopy , mayeso oyenerera golide kuti apeze kansa ya chikhodzodzo. Kafukufuku wamakono amachitikira ku ofesi yanu ya urologist pansi pa anesthesia. Njirayi ndi yochepa kwambiri, ngakhale magazi ndi matenda angathe kuchitika. Nthaŵi zina maginito amachititsa kanyumba ka opaleshoni pansi pa anesthesia, kutanthauza kuti mudzagona.
Panthawi ya cystoscopy, katswiri wa urojekist amachititsa kacoscope, chida chogwiritsira ntchito, chomwe chimakhala ndi tube, chomwe chimakhala ndi kamera kakang'ono ndi kanema, kudzera mu urethra ndi chikhodzodzo. Mphuno yanu idzagwedezeka ndi gelisi ngati muli mu ofesi yanu.
Njira yowonongeka imayikidwa mkati mwa chikhodzodzo, choncho imatambasula ndipo imadzazidwa. Katswiri wa urologist amatha kugwiritsa ntchito cystoscope kuti aone ngati mkati mwake muli chikhodzodzo kuti muwone ngati pali chotupa (kapena zotupa zambiri). Ngati pali chotupa, amatha kuona komwe kuli, momwe zimawonekera, momwe zilili, komanso ngati pali zosaoneka bwino mucosal.
Kusintha kwa Transturethral kwa Chikhodzodzo Chimake
Pa cystoscopy, ngati chotupa kapena malo osadziwika a chikhodzodzo chikuwonekera, dokotala wanu wamagetsi adzazitenga . Mtundu woterewu umatchedwa transurethral resection wa chifuwa cha chikhodzodzo, kapena TURBT, ndipo umaphatikizapo dokotala kuchotsa chotupa cha chikhodzodzo komanso gawo la khoma lamkati pafupi ndi chotupacho.
Ngati palibe chotupa chowoneka koma dokotala akudandaula za khansara (mkodzo wa cytology ukhoza kukhala wabwino), iwo angatengere ma biopsies ochuluka kwambiri. Awonanso kugwiritsira ntchito zigawo zina za mitsempha ya urinary, monga urethra ndi prostate (ngati mwamuna).
Kenaka, dokotala wina wotchedwa pathologist angayang'ane chithunzicho pansi pa microscope ndikuwona ngati maselo a kansa alipo. Izi zimapereka chitsimikizo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ndipo, kamodzi kansara ya chikhodzodzo yatsimikiziridwa, kalasi ya khansa ikhoza kutsimikiziridwa. Pali magawo awiri a khansa ya chikhodzodzo:
- Kansera yamakono ya chikhodzodzo: Maselo a khansawa amafanana ndi maselo a kansa ya chikhodzodzo.
- Khansara yapamwamba ya chikhodzodzo: maselo a khansa samayang'ana ngati maselo a kansa ya chikhodzodzo.
Kawirikawiri, khansa yapamwamba ya chikhodzodzo imaonedwa kuti ndi yowopsya ndipo ndi kovuta kuchiza kuposa khansa yapamwamba ya chikhodzodzo.
Mayesero Ojambula
Mayesero ojambula amafunikanso kuyesa khansara ya chikhodzodzo.
CT kapena MRI Scans
A CT urogram ndi mayeso ojambula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa impso, ureters, ndi chikhodzodzo. Zingathenso kudziwa zambiri zokhudza chifuwa cha chikhodzodzo, monga kukula kwake, mawonekedwe, ndi malo komanso ngati khansara yayamba kunja kwa chikhodzodzo.
MRI urogram ingakhale yopindulitsa, kupereka zina zambiri kuchokera ku CT scan. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa anthu omwe ali osiyana ndi dye, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu CT scan , koma osati MRI.
Mayesero Ena Achilendo
Nthawi zina mayesero ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka ngati CT kapena MRI silingapezeke.
- Pyelogramgram, kapena IVP, ndi njira yomwe dzira imayambira mu mitsempha ya munthu ndiyeno pulogalamu ya urinary imatengedwa. (Impso ndi chikhodzodzo chotchedwa ultrasound sizikufuna dye wosiyana kapena ma radiation, pamene imagwiritsira ntchito mafunde ovuta kuti apereke mafano.)
- Chifuwa cha X-ray chimachitidwa kuti mudziwe ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira m'mapapo.
- Kugwiritsira ntchito fupa kungapangidwe ngati munthu ali ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo ali ndi ululu wa phungu.
Kusinthana
Kuphatikiza pa chifuwa chanu, dokotala wanu adziwongolera malo ake, kutanthauza kuti khansara yakulalika pati. Kwachilendo, chifuwa chanu chimayambitsa momwe khansa yanu yamatenda imathandizira komanso kuti mutha kuchira.
Kachitidwe kachipatala ka khansa ya chikhodzodzo cha munthu nthawi zambiri chimakhazikitsidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zitatu:
- Zotsatira za biopsy / TURBT
- Kuyezetsa thupi komwe kumachitidwa ndi dokotala pamene ali ndi anesthesia (pamene TURBT ikuchitika)
- Maphunziro ojambula
Gawo 0 ndilo gawo loyambirira la kansa ya chikhodzodzo ndipo amatanthauza kuti khansara siinafalikira kudzera mu chikhomo cha mkati mwa chikhodzodzo. Gawo lachinayi ndilo gawo lapamwamba kwambiri ndipo limatanthawuza kuti khansara yayamba kufalikira pamimba, m'mimba, pafupi ndi mitsempha yam'mimba, ndi / kapena malo akutali m'thupi.
Dokotala wa khansa ya chikhodzodzo adzagwiritsa ntchito makalata atatu (pamodzi ndi manambala pambuyo pa makalata) kuti afotokoze malo a munthu:
- T kwa Kutupa: Mbaliyi ikufotokoza kutalika kwa chifuwa cha chikhodzodzo. Mwachitsanzo, kaya yayamba kukhala khoma la chikhodzodzo kapena ayi.
- N for Nodes: Mbaliyi ikufotokoza ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira ku maselo alionse omwe ali pafupi.
- M wa Metastasis : Mbaliyi ikufotokoza ngati khansara yayamba kufalikira kumbali zina za thupi, monga chiwindi, mafupa, kapena mapapo.
Kuposa chiwerengerocho pambuyo pa makalata awa, kutali ndi khansa ndizovuta kwambiri kuchiza.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Mayeso a Khansa Yachikhodzodzo. May 2016.
> Chang et al. Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo cha khansa yopanda chiwopsezo yopanda chifuwa: khansa ya AUA / SUO. J Urol. 2016 Oct; 196 (4): 1021-9.
> Chou R et al. Akatswiri ogwira ntchito kumidzi kuti apeze khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ann Intern Med . 2015 Dec 15; 163 (12): 922-31.
> Lotan Y, Choueiri TK. Maphunziro oleza mtima: Kansalu ya chikhodzodzo ndi matenda a chikhodzodzo (Beyond the Basics). Mu: UpToDate, Lerner SP (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Mphamvu NE, Izawa J. Kuyerekezera malangizo pa kansa yowonongeka ya chikhodzodzo (EAU, CUA, AUA, NCCN, NICE). Bl Cancer. 2016; 2 (1): 27-36.