Ngakhale khansara ya chikhodzodzo sichimalephereka, mukhoza kudabwa kuona kuti pali zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chokhalira, monga kusiya kusuta. Izi zikunenedwa, sizomwe zimayambitsa khansara ya chikhodzodzo ziri mkati mwanu, monga momwe zimayambira ku chibadwa cha matendawa.
Komabe, zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda - kaya sizikulamulira kapena ayi - musaneneretu kuti mungapeze khansa ya chikhodzodzo.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, chifukwa chakuti mumasuta kapena chifukwa chakuti muli ndi mbiri ya banja la khansara ya chikhodzodzo sikutanthauza kuti mudzalitenga. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo siziti zero pokhapokha chifukwa simusuta kapena mulibe mbiri ya banja.
Potsirizira pake, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo-monga khansa yambiri-chimachokera ku kugwirizana kovuta pakati pa majini anu ndi malo anu.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Tiyeni tifufuze zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa mwayi wanu wopezeka ndi khansara ya chikhodzodzo ndi zomwe mungachite kuti kuchepetsa mwayiwo.
Kusokonezeka Kwachilengedwe pa Ntchito
Kuyika kwa mankhwala ena m'malo ogwira ntchito, monga mazira a aniline ndi mitundu ina ya zonunkhira zamadzi, kungapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ndipotu, mpaka 10 peresenti ya khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo imayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala.
Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo chikhoza kukhala zaka zoposa 30 mutatha kuwonetsa malo ogwira ntchito kumatendawa .
Zitsanzo za ntchito zomwe zili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi:
- Nsalu, mphira, chikopa, chitsulo, dye, petroleum, kapena ogwira mankhwala
- Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zosindikiza
- Ojambula
- Omwe amavala nsalu amene amagwira ntchito ndi dyes
- Otsuka mwouma
- Madalaivala amakolo (kuyang'aniridwa ndi mafungo a dizilo)
- Oyendetsa nsomba
- Akugulitsani makina osindikizira
Chikhodzodzo Chokhalitsa
Zinthu zina zathanzi, monga matenda osakanizidwa osakanizidwa omwe amapezeka m'matumbo , miyala ya chikhodzodzo, kutaya chikhodzodzo kuchokera ku mitsempha ya mitsempha, ndi iwo okhala ndi catheter yamakono omwe amatha kukhala ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha chikhodzodzo.
Kutupa uku kungapangitse chiopsezo chopeza khansara ya chikhodzodzo, makamaka kansa ya mtundu wa squamous cell carcinoma. Mtundu uwu, komabe, umangokhala pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2 peresenti ya khansa yonse ya chikhodzodzo.
Kuwonjezera apo, matenda opatsirana komanso osatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa Schistosoma haematobium-omwe amapezeka m'madzi atsopano-amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku squamous cell carcinoma ya chikhodzodzo.
Arsenic mu Madzi
Arsenic yomwe imapezeka mu madzi akumwa imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Madzi ambiri omwe ali ndi apamwamba a arsenic amachokera ku zitsime.
Masamba a Arsenic m'madzi akumwa akukwera m'madera ena padziko lapansi, monga mbali za Taiwan, Japan, Bangladesh, ndi kumadzulo kwa South America. Madera ena akumidzi a kumadzulo kwa United States amakhalanso ndi masoka achilengedwe m'madzi. Koma, zitsimikizirani kuti kwa anthu ambiri ku United States, madzi akumwa siwomwe amachokera ku arsenic.
Mankhwala ndi Chithandizo
Mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala amathandizidwanso ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo, kuphatikizapo:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a shuga za thiazolidinediones nthawi yaitali (deta yamasayansi imasakanikirana)
- Mbiri yokhudza mankhwala a chemotherapy Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide)
- Mbiri ya mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito khansa yapakhungu (prostate, testicular, kervical, kapena kansa ya ovari)
Zisonkhezero Zina
- Ukalamba (90 peresenti ya iwo amene ali ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo ali oposa zaka 55, malinga ndi American Cancer Society)
- Mbiri ya kansalu ina mu njira yamakina (impso, ureter, kapena urethra)
- Mbiri yakale ya khansara ya chikhodzodzo (chotupa chatsopano chikhoza kupanga malo osiyana mkati mwa chikhodzodzo)
Genetic Factors
Pali zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansara ya chikhodzodzo chomwe sichitha kusintha. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Chiwerewere (kansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi yofala kwambiri kuposa amuna)
- Mpikisano (caucasians ali ndi mwayi wambiri wokha khansara ya chikhodzodzo kuposa Africa-amerika)
- Zina zolepheretsa kubala chikhodzodzo
- Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya chikhodzodzo
Mbiri ya banja ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo ikhoza kapena yosagwirizana ndi maonekedwe a munthu. Mwachitsanzo, matenda ena a chibadwa kapena kusintha kwa thupi-zomwe zimachitika pamene maselo m'thupi lanu akugawanitsa-akugwirizana ndi kupeza khansa ya chikhodzodzo; kaya mudalandira izi ndizomwe simukuzilamulira.
Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti msinkhu wa msinkhu wa khansa ya chikhodzodzo ungakhale wochepa kwambiri. Komabe, iyi si lamulo lovuta komanso lachangu.
Koma, mbiri yakale ya banja ikhoza kukhala yochulukirapo kwambiri ngati wokondedwa wanu ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo chifukwa cha kutengeka, ngati kusuta fodya kapena mankhwala. Ndipotu, utsi wothandizira fodya wagwirizana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo mwa akazi-ngakhale kuti n'zosangalatsa, osati amuna-malinga ndi kafukufuku wa kansa ya kansa .
Zochitika Zamoyo
Pali zifukwa zina za khansa ya chikhodzodzo yomwe ikhoza kukhala yabwino kuti muyambe kuigwira pa moyo wanu wa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kusuta fodya
Kafukufuku wa sayansi wakhala akuwonetsa kuti kusuta ndudu kumawonjezera mwayi kuti munthu akhale ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo. Ndipotu, kusuta fodya ndicho chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhalira ndi khansara ya chikhodzodzo m'mayiko a Kumadzulo, kuwerengera pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya milandu yonse.
Pofufuza anthu oposa 450,000, omwe kale anali osuta fodya anali ndi mwayi wambiri wokhala ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo kusiyana ndi osuta fodya. Ndipo, osuta fodya tsopano anali ndi mwayi wambiri kuti akhale ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Anthu omwe amasuta mapaipi kapena ndudu amapezeka kuti ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa ya chikhodzodzo, ngakhale kuti chiopsezocho chinali chochepa kuposa omwe amasuta fodya.
Ngakhale kuti phunziroli likuthandizira kufunika kovuta kusuta fodya, kumatulutsa kansa ya chikhodzodzo, zimasonyezanso kuti kuleka kusuta kungachepetse chiopsezo chachikulu, ngakhale kuti sichichotsa.
Kodi munthu amasuta komanso nthawi yayitali bwanji? Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa Urology, anthu omwe anali osuta kwambiri anali ndi chotupa chachikulu-kutanthauza maselo a kansa ankawoneka osalimba-pa sitepe yapamwamba kwambiri-kutanthauza kuti kansa inali kufalikira patali-pa nthawi ya matenda, poyerekeza ndi omwe sanasute fodya kapena anali osuta fodya. (Kusuta fodya kunatanthauzidwa ngati zaka 30 kapena zambiri pakapaka ndi kusuta fodya kunatanthauzidwa kuti ndi zaka zosachepera 30 pakapaka.)
Njira yeniyeni yomwe kusuta fodya kumayendera pa chitukuko cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo sikudziwikabe. Izi zinati, pali mitundu yoposa 60 ya khansa yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo.
Zakudya
Kutenga chitsamba cha Chitchaina cha Aristolochia fangchi chikugwirizana ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo komanso khansa zina mu dongosolo la mkodzo.
Kuthamanga kwa Madzi
Kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amamwa kwambiri (chifukwa amamwa madzi ambiri) amakhala ndi chiopsezo chochepa cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwa madzi kungathandize kuthetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'chikhodzodzo.
> Zotsatira:
> American Cancer Society. Zokhazoka za Khansa ya Chikhodzodzo. May 2016.
> Freedman ND, Silverman DT, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A, Abnet CC. Kusonkhana pakati pa kusuta ndi chiopsezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo pakati pa abambo ndi amai. JAMA . 2011; 306 (7): 737-45.
> Jiang X, Yuan JM, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Yu MC. Utsi wa fodya ndi khansara ya chikhodzodzo mumakhala osasuta konse ku Los Angeles County. Khansa Res. 2007; 67 (15): 7540-5.
> McNeil, B. (2011). Zoyamba-Ndakhala ndikudziwidwa ndi Khansa Yachikhodzodzo. Ku Gonzalgo ML (Mkonzi), Buku Lopereka Matenda a Khansa Yachikhodzodzo (1-9). Massachusetts: Jones ndi Bartlett Ofalitsa.
> Pietzak EJ, Mucksavage P, Guzzo TJ, Malkowicz SB. Kusuta fodya kwambiri komanso kansa ya chikhodzodzo pachiyambi. Urology . 2015; 86 (5): 968-72.