Zizindikiro ndi Kusiyana
Kodi mukuda nkhawa kuti chifuwa chanu chingayambe ndi khansa yamapapo? Popeza khansara yamapapu imachiritsidwa kwambiri pamayambiriro a matendawa, kupeza khansara mwamsanga ndikofunika kwambiri. Mwamwayi, palibe njira yodziwira bwino ngati chifuwa chimachokera ku khansara yamapapo yochokera ku zizindikiro zokha. Izi zinati, pali zizindikiro zina komanso zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chifuwa chikhale chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'mapapo .
Kodi muyenera kudziwa chiyani ngati mwakhala mukukangana?
Mitundu ya Chisoni
Matenda Osautsa ndi Othandiza ndi Osabala
Osachepera theka la anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu panthawi yomwe amadziwa kuti ali ndi khansa. Chifuwa chachikulu chimatchulidwa ngati chifuwa chomwe chimatenga masabata asanu ndi atatu otsatizana , ndipo anthu ambiri amanena kuti ali ndi chifuwa chomwe sichidzachoka. Chifuwa chikhoza kukhala chouma, kapena ukhoza kutsokomola ntchentche (yotchedwa chifuwa chopindulitsa). Zitha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku, ndipo anthu ambiri amanena kuti zimasokoneza tulo, zomwe zimachititsa kuti tsiku litatopa. Chifuwa chikhoza kufanana ndi zizindikiro zomwe anthu adakhala nazo kale chifukwa cha nthendayi kapena matenda a bronchitis, choncho sangachititse munthu kuyamba kuda nkhawa ndi khansa.
Zizindikiro Zina Zogwirizana ndi Chifuwa
Kupezeka kwa zizindikiro zina kungapangitse kuti chifuwa chikhale chovuta. Maphunziro ayang'ana anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu kuti azindikire zizindikiro zomwe zilipo chaka cisanayambe.
Kafukufukuyu anapeza kuti zizindikiro zotsatirazi ziyenera kukhala zodziwika bwino za khansa ya m'mapapo:
- Kudula magazi . Kuwaza magazi (wotchedwanso hemoptysis) kungakhale chenjezo la khansara yamapapo, ndipo kwenikweni ndilo chizindikiro chokha chomwe chiripo pa 7 peresenti ya anthu panthaŵi yomwe akudziŵa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimangokhala magazi pang'ono, monga minofu ya magazi, komabe nthenda iliyonse yamagazi iyenera kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ndi dokotala wanu.
- Kupuma pang'ono . Kupuma pang'ono (kotchedwanso dyspnea) kungakhale kobisika poyamba. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu amanena kuti poyamba adatsutsa chizindikiro ichi chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo wamba kapena akukula. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi, kupuma kwafupipafupi kumakhala kokha ndi ntchito, monga kukwera masitepe.
- Kupweteka pachifuwa . Anthu ambiri amanena kuti amamva kupweteka kwa mapapo asanatengedwe ndi khansara yamapapo. Matendawa alibe mitsempha yomwe imamva kupweteka, koma ululu ukhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa chotupa pamitsempha, kupweteka mu nthiti za khansara zomwe zafalikira ku mafupa, kupweteka kwa mitsempha (kapena nthiti za fracture) kuchokera ku chifuwa chobwerezabwereza, komanso njira zina zingapo. Ululu umene umapezeka ndi mpweya waukulu umatchedwanso kupweteka kwa chifuwa cha pleuritic kapena pleurisy, umakhalanso wamba pakati pa anthu amene amapezeka ndi khansara yamapapo.
- Kusokonezeka . Anthu ena amamva mantha asanadziwe. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kukopa, koma zingakhalenso chifukwa cha zinthu monga chifuwa chokakamiza mitsempha yomwe imapita ku zingwe za mawu.
- Kutaya kosawerengeka kosadziwika . Kutaya thupi kosayembekezereka kapena kutaya thupi pamene simukuyesera kungakhale chizindikiro cha khansara yamapapo. Kuwonongeka kosayembekezereka kumatanthauzidwa ngati kutaya kwa 5 peresenti kapena kulemera kwa thupi pa nthawi ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena 12; pafupifupi mapaundi 7.5 mu munthu wa mapaundi 150. Pali zifukwa zina zazikulu zowunikira izi ndipo nthawi zonse muziwona dotolo wanu ngati kulemera kwanu kukugwetsa, ngakhale mutakhala okondwa kuona kukula kusuntha.
- Matenda opuma . Matenda obwerezabwereza monga chibayo ndi bronchitis ndizofala pamaso pa khansa yamapapu. Anthu ambiri amene amapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo amati matenda awo anayamba kuthamangitsidwa, ngakhale madokotala, monga chifukwa cha chimfine, bronchitis, kapena matenda ena. Zina zimachiritsidwa kawiri kawiri ka bronchitis kapena chibayo musanayambe kupeza matenda. Matenda ammapapu akamakula pafupi ndi maulendo a ndege, amatha kubweretsa chiopsezo chomwe chimayambitsa chiopsezo cha matendawa.
- Kusuta fodya kumangokhalako . Zapezeka kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo amachepetsa nambala ya ndudu yomwe amasuta, kapena amasiya kusuta fodya asanadziwe-nthawi zambiri ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa zowononga. Chifukwa cha izi sichidziwika, koma chikhoza kukhala chokhudzana ndi kuyesa kuchepetsa chizindikiro cha kutsokomola, kapena mantha osadziwika kuti ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo. Sitikudziwa chifukwa chake izi zimachitika, koma zikhoza kukhala kuti khansa zina zamapapu zimapanga mankhwala omwe amachepetsanso kusokonezeka kwa chikonga. Ngati simunayambe mwasiya, ndipo mwadzidzidzi zikuwoneka zophweka, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu.
Zowopsa
Zina mwazidziwitso za khansa yamapapu , mwachitsanzo, kusuta ndi kusuta utsi wothandizira, amadziwika bwino, pamene ena sali. Kwa anthu omwe asuta, kukhala ndi zifukwa zina zingakhale zoonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza kwa asbesito ndi kusuta fodya kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha khansara yamapapo kuposa momwe mutagwirizira pamodzi pangozi iliyonse ya izi pamodzi. Zina mwaziopsezo ndizo:
- Kusuta panopa kapena kale . Kusuta fodya ndi chinthu chowopsa chokhazikitsa khansa ya m'mapapo, pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi mbiri ya kusuta panthawi ina. Komabe, 80 peresenti ya anthu omwe amapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mapapo lero samasuta; iwo mwina amayamba kusuta kapena samasuta konse. Mwamwayi, mosiyana ndi matenda a mtima omwe amatsika mofulumira pamene munthu asiya kusuta, vuto la khansa ya m'mapapo silimabwerera. Ngakhale mutasuta kale, onetsetsani kuti mutchule izi kwa dokotala wanu.
- Kuwonetsera kwa Radon . Kuonekera kwa radon m'nyumba ndiko kachiwiri kokondweretsa khansa ya m'mapapo ndi chifukwa chachikulu mwa osakhala fodya. Zimaganizidwa kuti kulemera kwapamwamba kumakhala m'modzi mwa nyumba 15 ku United States. Ngati msinkhu wanu sunayesedwepo, chitani izi pamodzi ndi kupanga nthawi yoti muwone dokotala wanu. (Poyerekezera ndi amayi oposa 40,000 amafa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo chaka chilichonse ku US ndi 27,000 amamwalira ndi khansa ya m'mapapo ya radoni. Popeza amayi ndi ana amathera nthawi yambiri mnyumba kusiyana ndi amuna, iwo ali pachiopsezo chachikulu.)
- Kusuta fodya . Zimaganizidwa kuti utsi wochuluka wambiri umatulutsa khansa ya m'mapapo pafupifupi 7,000 ku United States chaka chilichonse.
- Mbiri ya banja la khansa ya m'mapapo . Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a khansa yamapapu zimatha kuyenda m'mabanja. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamene khansa ya m'mapapo imapezeka mwa osasamala, achinyamata, komanso akazi. Kukhala ndi mayi, bambo, mchimwene wanu, kapena mwana yemwe ali ndi mbiri ya khansa ya m'mapapo kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa.
- Kutsekemera kwa chifuwa . Mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga khansa ya m'mawere kapena matenda a Hodgkin amachititsa kuti mukhale ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.
- Kuwonetseredwa kwa Job . Kupeza ntchito kwa mankhwala ndi zinthu zina, monga asibesitosi, mafuta a dizilo, ndi zina, zingakulepheretse matenda a khansa yanu ya m'mapapo ndipo amachititsa kuti muyezo wa 27 peresenti ya khansa ya m'mapapo mu amuna.
Kuzindikira Khungu Lomwe Lingakhale Khansa Yopsa
Nthawi zina chifuwa cha X-ray chidzapeza khansara yamapapo, koma ndibwino kukumbukira kuti ngakhale mutakhala ndi chifuwa cha X-ray posachedwa, mwachidwi mungakhale ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. M'mbuyomu, chifuwa cha-x-rays chinachitidwa kuti chiwonetsere anthu khansara yamapapu, koma anapeza kuti x-rays alephera kuzindikira khansa ya m'mapapo nthawi yoyenera kuti apulumutse miyoyo.
Sizingatheke kuti chifuwa chachikulu chimatha kuphonya khansa yamapapu . Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zingakhale khansa ya m'mapapo, nthawi zonse funsani chifuwa cha CT. Pali nkhani zambiri kunja kwa anthu omwe akutsimikiziridwa kuti chifuwa chawo cha X-ray chinali chachilendo, koma kuti adziwe kuti adakhala ndi khansara yamapapo (komanso chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa x-ray yachibadwa, akhoza kupanga kusiyana pakati pa khansa ya m'mapapo oyambirira komanso imodzi yomwe yafalikira ndipo siipiranso).
Phunziro la ku Denmark ku Denmark linapeza kuti anthu ambiri anali ndi chifuwa chachiwiri cha "chizoloŵezi" m'kati mwa masiku 90 asanatulukire khansa ya m'mapapo. Kuwunika kwa CT ndikofunikira ngati pali vuto lililonse. Monga bonasi yowonjezeredwa, CT imaganizira anthuwa inapezanso matenda ena ammapapo omwe anaphonya pa chikwama cha x-ray.
kuwunika
Nthawi yoitanira Dokotala Wanu
Ngati muli ndi chifuwa chopitirira-ngakhale simunasute, musakhale ndi zizindikiro zina, kapena mukhulupirire kuti pali chidziwitso chabwino cha chifuwa chanu-pangani nthawi yoti muwone dokotala wanu. Ngati inu ndi dokotala mukudandaula, chifuwa cha CT scan, bronchoscopy , kapena mayesero ena chingakonzedwe. Ngati zizindikiro zanu zikupitirirabe ndipo mulibe tsatanetsatane, ganizirani kupeza kachiwiri . Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo amati nthawi yayitali sanadziwe, ndipo ena amanena kuti madokotala awo sanawathandize. Kumbukirani kuti osakhala fodya akhoza kutenga khansara yamapapo , ndipo makamaka, ambiri (inde, opitirira 80 peresenti) ya anthu amene amayamba khansa yamapapo lero ndi osasuta kapena asiya kusuta kale. Mu khansa ya m'magazi ya 2018 muzisuta konse ndi chifukwa chachisanu ndi chimodzi chomwe chimayambitsa khansa zakufa ku United States.
Pamene ife tikuyesera kuti tipeze mawu kwa osakhala osuta omwe khansa ya m'mapapo ikhoza ndipo imapezeka mwa anthu osasuta, koma omwe akusuta akusowa zikumbutso izi. Kafukufuku wa 2016 anapeza kuti anthu omwe amasuta sakhala ochepa kusiyana ndi osasuta kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala kwa zizindikiro zowononga za khansa ya m'mapapo-monga chifuwa. Ngati mumasuta komanso mukakokera, musazengereze kuitana dokotala wanu. Ndipo kumbukirani, palibe yemwe amayenera khansa ya mapapo. Munthu aliyense, kaya sanasute kapena akusuta moyo wawo wonse, amayenera kukhala ndi nkhawa, chifundo, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala chabwino kwambiri cha khansa.
Kwa omwe adasuta kale, kufufuza kansa ya m'mapapo kungakhale njira. Ngati akuchitidwa kwa aliyense yemwe ali woyenerera, akuganiza kuti kuyesera kungachepetse chiwerengero cha imfa ya khansa ya m'mapapo ndi 30 peresenti. Zolinga zowunikira zikuphatikizapo:
- Mbiri ya zaka 30 za phukusi la kusuta
- Ali pakati pa 55 ndi 80
- Kusuta kapena kusuta muzaka khumi zapitazo.
Komabe, izi ndizo kwa anthu omwe alibe zizindikiro. Ngati muli ndi chifuwa, ndicho chizindikiro chomwe chiyenera kufufuzidwa.
Chowopsa Choopsa
Memorial Sloan Kettering imapereka chida chomwe anthu ena angawerengere ngozi ya khansa ya m'mapapo. Zapangidwa kwa anthu a zaka za pakati pa 50 ndi 75 omwe akusuta kapena akusuta kale. Ndi chida ichi, mukupempha kuti mulembe chotsutsa chomwe chikusonyeza kuti mukudziwa kuti sichilowe m'malo mwa chithandizo chamankhwala. Kumbukirani kuti ichi ndi chida chowerengera, ndipo akhoza kuphonya mosavuta khansa yamapapu mwa anthu amodzi, ndipo mwina akhoza kupitirira malire kapena kuchepetsa chiwopsezo chanu.
> Zotsatira:
> Zolinga za Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Khansa Yam'mimba. Kusinthidwa 02/08/18. http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/index.htm
> Friedemann, S., Whitaker, K., Winstanley, K., ndi J. Wardle. Osuta fodya ndi ocheperapo kusiyana ndi osakhala fodya kufunafuna thandizo la chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'mapapo 'alarm'. Nthano . 2016 Feb 24. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).
> Guldbrandt, L. Zotsatira za Kulembera kwa Fast CT Scan mu Kutulukira kwa Khansa Yoyamba Kwambiri mu Kuchita Zambiri. Kachipatala, Cluster-Randomized Trial. Danish Medical Journal . 2015. 62 (3): pii: B5027.
> Iven-Omofoman, B. et al. Kugwiritsira ntchito zida zachipatala komanso zoyambirira zachipatala muzochitika zambiri kuti mudziwe anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo kale. Nthano . 2013. 68 (5): 451-9.
> National Cancer Institute. Mankhwala Osakaniza Amtundu Wambiri Wopanda Khansa (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 02/01/18. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/hp/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq#section/all