Kulephera kwa Iron ndi Anemia mu Ana

Matenda a Ana

Ngakhale kuti sizinali zachilendo monga kale, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa zakudya ndi chitsulo m'zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi 1990, kusowa kwa chitsulo kumayambitsanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi kwa ana.

Matupi athu amafunikira chitsulo chamtundu winawake kuti athandize hemoglobin m'maselo athu a magazi kuti atenge mpweya. Iron ndi gawo limodzi la mavitamini ambiri ndipo amafunikira kuti agwire bwino ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kuthandiza kudyetsa chakudya ndikuyendetsa kukula kwa maselo, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zimathandiza minofu yathu kugwiritsa ntchito oksijeni.

Ana akhoza kukhala ndi kusowa kwachitsulo chifukwa sapeza zakudya zokwanira ndi zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zimakhala zofala kwambiri, kapena chifukwa chakuti amatha kutaya magazi ndi chitsulo pazifukwa zina.

Mwachidule

Pofuna kuthandiza ana onse omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, American Academy of Pediatrics imalimbikitsa kuti ana onse ayesedwe kapena kuyesedwa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi mwawo ngati ali ndi miyezi isanu ndi iwiri.

Ana, makanda, ndi ana okalamba angayang'anenso nthawi zina ngati akuganiza kuti ali pangozi ya kuchepa kwa magazi, kuphatikizapo:

• ana asanakwane
• Ana okhaokha omwe samayamwitsa kudya chimanga chachitsulo, kapena kupeza chitsime china kapena chitsulo, pafupifupi miyezi inayi
• Ana omwe amapatsidwa mkaka wa ng'ombe kapena mkaka wopanda mbuzi, m'malo mwa mkaka kapena mkaka wa mwana, asanakwanitse miyezi 12
• kumwa mowa woposa ma ounces 24 tsiku lililonse, chifukwa chofala chachitsulo chachitsulo kwa ana

• ana a chikhalidwe chochepa
• ana omwe amatha kuwonongeka kwa magazi, monga matenda otsekula m'mimba, chilonda, kapena matenda opweteka, ndi zina zotero.
• ana omwe ali ndi mavuto aakulu azachipatala kapena zosowa zapadera zaumoyo komanso / kapena zakudya zopanda malire, monga zakudya zopanda zakudya za gluten kapena zakudya zowononga zakudya zopatsa thanzi

• odyetsa zamasamba ndi zitsamba zomwe sapeza zakudya zokwanira zowonjezera kapena zitsulo
• Atsikana achichepere omwe ali othamanga mpikisano komanso / kapena amakhala ndi nthawi yolemetsa

Kuyesedwa

Ngati kuyesa koyeso koyambitsa matenda a anemia, omwe kawirikawiri kumakhala kosavuta magazi , ndi kochepa, mayesero oonjezera a kusowa kwa chitsulo angapangidwe. Izi zingaphatikizepo kuyesa kwa:

• serum ferritin (SF) ndi ma C-reactive protein (CRP), kapena
• maselo a reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr)

Kawirikawiri, ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi amatha kukhala ndi hemoglobin, otsika serum ferritin, yachibadwa CRP , ndi a low reticulocyte hemoglobin level, yomwe ndi muyeso wa chitsulo chopezeka kuti maselo agwiritse ntchito.

Kwa ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi, nthawi zina sitingayesedwe, ndipo amangochiritsidwa ndi chitsulo chowonjezereka (chithandizo chachitsulo chachitsulo) ndipo amatenga kachilomboka kwa mwezi umodzi. Kuyesedwa kwina kungatheke ngati sakusintha.

Zizindikiro

Ana ambiri alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikilo za zizindikiro za matenda a anemia ndipo m'malo mwake amapezeka pamayesero owonetsera nthawi zonse.

Ena ali ndi ziphuphu zachitsulo za m'thupi kapena zizindikiro, zomwe zingaphatikizepo:

• kupweteka kwakukulu, kuphatikizapo khungu, milomo, ndi kupaka kwa maso (pallor)

• kukwiya
• kukwapula kapena kugunda mtima (palpitations)
• mutu
• ndikufooka
• chizungulire
• kutopa kumakhala kosavuta
• zovuta kusukulu
• vuto lokhala ndi kutentha kwa thupi
• kukhala ndi lilime lamoto (glossitis)
• kupotoza kapena kupatulidwa m'makona a milomo (ang'onoting'ono stomatitis, cheilitis, kapena cheilosis)
• kudula pa zinthu zopanda chakudya, monga dongo, pepala, dothi, etc., zomwe zimatchedwa pica, kapena kutchera pa ayezi (pagophagia)
• kukhala ndi zikhomo zoonda ndi zopweteka, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi zojambula (koilonychia)
• Kupanga bluish tinge ku sclera kapena mbali yoyera ya diso (blue sclera)
• chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda

Kuzindikira ndi kuperewera kwa kuchepa kwachitsulo n'kofunika, chifukwa kungathandizenso chitukuko cha mwana ndi chitukuko cha m'maganizo.

Ngakhalenso popanda kuchititsa magazi m'thupi, amaganiza kuti kuchepa kwa chitsulo kungakhudze achinyamata kukumbukira ndi kuganiza bwino. Kwa akuluakulu, amachititsanso kufooka ndikulepheretsa kugwira ntchito.

AAP imanenanso kuti 'kusowa kwachitsulo kopanda magazi m'thupi kungakhudzidwenso nthawi yayitali ya neurodevelopment ndi khalidwe ndi kuti zina mwa zotsatirazi zingakhale zosasinthika.'

Supplementation

Chithandizo cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi chimaphatikizapo kumupatsa mwana kapena msinkhu wothandizira zitsulo ndikusinthira chifukwa cha kusowa kwachitsulo, monga kubweza ana osamwa ma ola 24 ndi kupeza ana kudya zakudya zambiri ndi chitsulo.

Mankhwala otchuka omwe amawathandiza ana ndi awa:

• Fer-In-Sol Iron Supplement Mankhwala (ferrous sulfate)
• Mapepala a feosol (ferrous sulfate)
• Kukhazikitsa kwa ana a ICAR ndi Zowona (carbonyl iron)

Anthu ena amaganiza kuti chitsulo chachitsulo cha ferrous chimapangidwira bwino kusiyana ndi chitsulo cha carbonyl, koma ena amaganiza kuti carbonyl chitsulo ndi yotetezeka ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa za m'mimba.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu wa ana za mankhwala abwino kwambiri a zitsulo, mlingo, ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe mwana wanu adzafunika kutenga chowonjezera chake chachitsulo. Kumbukirani kuti ngakhale multivitamins ambiri kwa ana angakhale ndi chitsulo, sikukhala kokwanira kuchiza mwana ndi kusowa kwachitsulo.

Zotsatira za chitsulo zowonjezera nthawi zina zimaphatikizapo kudontha kwa mano pang'ono, mseru, kusanza, kudzimbidwa, kutsegula m'mimba, malo amdima, ndi / kapena m'mimba.

Zakudya Zakudya

Kuphatikiza pa kutenga chithandizo chachitsulo, kuti muteteze mwana wanu kuti asakhalenso ndi kusowa kwachitsulo, ndikofunika kuti adye zakudya zambiri ndi chitsulo. Izi zingathandizenso kuteteza kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.

Zakudya ndi chitsulo zimaphatikizapo anthu okhala ndi chitsulo cha heme , monga nyama zofiira (ng'ombe, nkhumba, mwanawankhosa), nkhuku, ndi nsomba. Fomu iyi yachitsulo imaphatikizapo kawiri kapena katatu bwino kuposa chitsulo chomwe chili mu zomera ndi zokhala ndi zolimba, zomwe sizitsulo zitsulo . Zakuloteni zamtundu ndi vitamini C zingathandize thupi lathu kutenga chitsulo chosakhala chitsulo ngakhale.

Ziphuphu zina zimalimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo (osati chitsulo chosungunula), kuphatikizapo Carnation Instant Breakfast Mix, Ovaltine, ndi ana aang'ono kwambiri kapena mayendedwe atsopano.

Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa

• Kuwonjezera pa zowonjezeretsa zitsulo sizingaganize kuti colic kapena zizindikiro zonse za m'mimba.
• Zakudya zokhala ndi vitamini C, kuphatikizapo masamba ambiri, zipatso, ndi 100% zamadzi timadziti, zimathandiza kuti chitsulo chizikhala bwino, choncho ndibwino kugwirizanitsa zakudya zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera pamodzi ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi vitamini C.
• Zida zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pakati pa chakudya kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti chitsulo chokwanira chimachokera kuwonjezera pa zitsulo.
• Zakudya zamtundu wa tiyi, calcium, ndi phytates mu nyemba ndipo mbewu zonse zingachepetse kuyamwa kwa chitsulo chosakhala chitsulo.

_Zotsatira:

_{Chiwerengero cha Amaphunziro Achimereka a American Academy. Kuzindikira ndi Kupewa Kufooka kwa Iron ndi Kufooka Kwa Iron Kumayamwana ndi Ana Aang'ono (0-3 Zaka Zaka). Matenda a 2010; 126: 1040-1050.}

_{Hoffman: Hematology: Mfundo Zenizeni ndi Zomwe Zikuchitika, 5th ed.}

_{Kliegman: Nelson Buku Lophunzitsa za Ana, 18th ed.}

_{NIH. Ofesi Zowonjezera Zakudya. Zowonjezera Zakudya Zolemba Zolemba: Iron. Kusinthidwa kwa August 2007.}