Kodi Zikuwoneka Bwanji Kukhala Wobwana wa Mwana Ndi Autism?

Makolo Angapangitse Kuti Kukhale Kosavuta Kwa Achibale Ake a Mwana Wodzipereka

Ana aamuna omwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera ali ndi mavuto apadera-ndipo abale a ana omwe ali ndi autism ndi amodzimodzi. Koma monga chirichonse chokhudzana ndi autism , vuto lililonse ndilopadera. Kwa abale ena, moyo ndi mbale kapena mlongo wa autistic ukhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri. Kwa ena, imakhala ndi zowonongeka. Palinso ana ena omwe amawona autism ya mbale wawo monga kuphatikiza m'malo mochepa.

Ngakhale kuti pali kusiyana kumeneku, pali zina zomwe zimawachitikira komanso mavuto.

Mavuto Aakulu Omwe Anakumana nawo Ndi Abale Amuna Omwe Ali Ovomerezeka

Kaya m'bale wa autistic mwana wolemera kapena wosauka, wodekha kapena wodandaula, pali mavuto ena omwe amakhala nawo.

1. Chikumbumtima. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri chifukwa ndi zenizeni-ndipo sitingathe kuzipewa. Ana, kamodzi akapita kutchalitchi, ndi anthu oweruza. Ndipo, mosiyana ndi anthu akuluakulu, ali ndi udindo wopereka chiweruzo mokweza, poyera. Palibe mwana yemwe akukula kumene akupeza kuti ndi zophweka kapena zokondweretsa kumva anzawo akufunsa kuti "cholakwika ndi mchimwene wanu ndi chiyani?" kapena mumve "mlongo wanu ndi womasuka!" Koma ndi mwana wosawoneka kwambiri amene sanamvepo ndemanga zoterozo. Pamene akukula, abale afunika kubwereranso nkhaniyi akamabweretsa anzako apakhomo, kupeza munthu wokwatirana naye, kapena kukwatiwa.
2. Zosankha zochepa. Pamene mbale wanu ali ndi autism, banja lonse liyenera kusintha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwana yemwe akulera bwino ndithudi adzayenera kunyalanyaza zambiri, kunena "ayi" mobwerezabwereza, ndi kugwadira zosowa ndi zosangalatsa za achibale awo. Mwachitsanzo, achibale anu amafunika kuyang'ana kanema kamodzi kawiri, kupita kunyumba kuchokera pachigamulo asanakonzekere, kapena kuti "ayi" kutaya phwando-kuti azikhala ndi m'bale kapena mlongo wawo autistic. Pamene akukula, abale angapeze kuti makolo awo ali ndi nthawi yochepa kapena ndalama zothandizira ku koleji, kugula nyumba, "kupanga" ukwati, ndi zina zotero.

1. Chiyembekezo Choposa. Ngati pali wachibale wamwamuna wolumala, mamembala ena ayenera kupita ku mbale - ndipo akuphatikizapo abale. Ana aamuna a autistic mwana (ngakhale ali aang'ono kwambiri) amafunsidwa kuti athetsere malingaliro awo ndi zosowa zawo, azigwira ntchito zina zapakhomo, kapena kusiya zinthu zosangalatsa zawo. Monga akulu, abale angafunike kutenga udindo wochulukira kwa kholo la autistic monga makolo awo sangakwanitse.

Chifukwa Chake Zomwe Timakumana Nazo Zili Zosiyana Kwambiri ndi Mzake

Inde, pali zina zomwe zimagawana-koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa abale a ana autistic. Ngati mukasonkhanitsa gulu la ana omwe ali ndi ana okhulupirira, mumamva zosiyana, zosiyana, zovuta komanso zovuta. Ndicho chifukwa chake:

Ana ovomerezeka ali osiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake .

Chifukwa autism ndi matenda aakulu, ana autistic ndi achinyamata angasonyeze m'njira zosiyana. Chotsatira chake, achibale angaone kuti ndi zophweka kapena zovuta kwambiri kukhala m'banja lomwelo. Mwachitsanzo:

• Mbale A akukhala ndi mchimwene yemwe, ngakhale "pang'ono", amakhala wosangalatsa kwambiri. Zedi, iye amatsagana pa ojambula a Disney ndipo alibe mabwenzi ake-ndipo inde, nthawi zina amasungunuka chifukwa chosadziwika chifukwa. Koma iye ndi wokoma mtima, wosamala, ndipo amasangalala ndi mafilimu ambiri ndi zochitika monga mbale wake. Inde, pali zovuta-koma sizikumva zowawa. Ndipotu, nthawi zina angakhale ovuta kwambiri kuposa mavuto omwe amakumana nawo ndi mchimwene, yemwe amamukonda (koma nthawi zambiri).
• Mbale B akukhala ndi mlongo yemwe sali mawu, wokwiya, ndipo amatha kuwononga zinthu pakhomo. Nthawi zina, Mbale B amawopa kwambiri chifukwa cha chitetezo chake. Palibe njira yomwe Mbale B angabweretse bwenzi kunyumba, ndipo sangathe kutuluka ndi mosangalala ndi mlongo wake. Moyo panyumba sizowoneka ngati "zachizolowezi," ndipo mavuto omwe amakhalapo pamaganizo ndi thupi amakhala weniweni.

• Mbale C akukhala ndi mchimwene yemwe ali wochenjera, wanzeru, komanso wodandaula kwambiri . Mmodzi wa abale ake a Sibling C, yemwe ali ndi zaka zambiri, akukonzekera masewera a pakompyuta ali ndi zaka 8. Komano, m'bale yemweyo ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri, ali ndi mavuto aakulu, ndipo amavutika kwambiri kukhala msika, malo owonetsera kanema, kapena ngakhale banja limasonkhana. Mbale C amasangalala ndi zomwe mchimwene wake anachita, koma zimakhala zovuta kukhala pafupi ndi mchimwene wake, ndipo sakudziwa nthawi yomwe "adzaphulika." Chifukwa chake, amapewa m'bale wake nthawi iliyonse.

Abale ake ndi osiyana.

Mwana aliyense ali wapadera, ndipo mayankho a ana ake payekha pokhala ndi m'bale wawo autistic amasiyananso.

Ngakhale mwana mmodzi angapeze zomwe zikumuyesa ndikuyesera, wina angapeze zopindulitsa.

Kodi ndi zophweka kukhala mwana wamng'ono kapena wamkulu wa mwana yemwe ali ndi autism? Pali zokwera ndi zotsika kwa aliyense.

• Mng'ono wamng'ono wa mwana wa autistic sanakhalepo popanda autism mu moyo wake. Kumbali imodzi, izi zikutanthauza kuti amapeza kuti zimakhala zosavuta kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amabwera nawo pokhala ndi m'bale wina wa autistic. Komabe, zingakhale zovuta kuti adzipangire yekha m'banja kuti ali ndi zofuna zake, zovuta, luso lake, ndi makhalidwe ake.
• Mchimwene wachikulire wa mwana yemwe ali ndi autism angakhumudwitse makolo akamakopeka ndi m'bale wake wamng'ono yemwe ali ndi zosowa zapadera. Kapena, mwina angapeze kuti n'zosavuta kuthetsa vutolo chifukwa adakhazikitsa kale malo ake, banja, sukulu.

Zinthu zosiyana komanso umunthu zingasinthe kwambiri. Kwa abale ena, kukhala ndi mwana wa autistic kungakhale manyazi, pamene kwa ena ndi mwayi.

• Mbale X ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo amakwiya mosavuta. Kukhala ndi m'bale wovomerezeka akupanga mawu achilendo, kubwereza mau omwewo mobwerezabwereza , ndipo kusungunuka kumadzulo kumamutumiza kumbali.
• Sibwenzi Z ndi wachifundo ndipo amasangalala kupeza njira zothandizira mlongo wake wodzipereka kuti athetse mavuto. M'malo mokhumudwa, amakondwera kupeza momwe angathandizire mlongo wake kuti adzichepetse, adzifotokoze yekha, ndi kuyanjana ndi ena.

Mchitidwe wa banja ndi zosiyana ndi wina ndi mnzake.

Autism pambali, malingaliro a banja ndi zochitika zingakhudze kwambiri ana. Onjezerani autism mu kusakanikirana, ndi mikangano yamba yamabanja, zovuta, mphamvu, ndi kusinthasintha kukhala chinthu chachikulu kwambiri. Kwa achibale omwe akulera bwino, makhalidwe a makolo ndi malingaliro angathe kukhala chitsimikizo cha mphamvu ndi mphamvu-kapena ayi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Banja A likuphatikizapo mwana ali ndi autism. Makolo a mwanayo amakula pafupi ndikugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti apeze sukulu zoyenera, zothandizira, ndi ndalama. Pamene autism imakhala yovuta amayankha mwakachetechete, sungani mkhalidwewo, kenaka kambiranani. Panthawi yomweyi, amagwira ntchito mwakhama kuti atsimikizire kuti kawirikawiri kukula kwa abale ndi alongo kumathandizidwa kusukulu komanso m'moyo wawo - ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimatanthauza kuti abwenzi kapena kayendedwe ka gulu ndi gawo la kusanganikirana. Chotsatira chake, mwanayo popanda autism angaphunzire kuti mavuto angathe kuthandizidwa, ndipo mavutowa sayenera kutsogolera moyo wachikondi.
• Banja B limaphatikizapo mwana ndi autism. Makolo a mwanayo amatsutsana wina ndi mnzake chifukwa cha autism kapena zotsatira zake pa moyo wa banja ndipo, motero, amagawanitsa. Mayi wina amaletsa ana ake onse kuti azikhala naye, ndipo amakhala wodandaula, wokwiya, komanso wokhumudwa. Pamene autism imakhala yovuta kunyumba, kholo limatulukira pakhomo kapena limakwiya . Chotsatira chake, mwana wamba amene akukula akukula mu chisokonezo ndipo angaphunzire kuti zovuta zimayambitsa kusweka kwa moyo wa banja.

Ndalama za banja zimasiyana.

Ndalama sizingagule chikondi, koma ikhoza kugula zinthu zambiri kuti banja likhale ndi autism. Ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kukhala ndi ndalama zochepa komanso kusamalira autism ndi zovuta zovuta, sizivuta.

Umphaŵi ndi autism kungakhale kusakanikirana kovuta kwambiri. Inde, pali zinthu zomwe zilipo kwa makolo omwe ali ndi ana olumala-koma zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza, zokhumudwitsa kusamalira, ndipo zingakhale zochepa kwambiri malinga ndi malo a banja lanu. Makolo omwe akugwira ntchito za maola ndi sabata sakhala ndi kusintha komwe akufunikira kuti akacheze chitetezo cha anthu ndi mabungwe a boma pa maola masabata. Makolo omwe alibe makompyuta awo ndi intaneti alibe zipangizo zomwe amafunikira kuti afufuze zosankha ndi kupeza njira zamankhwala, mautumiki, kapena njira zamankhwala.

Makolo omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri angathe kuthetsa mavuto enawa. Ngati akugwira ntchito zapamwamba, amatha kusintha nawo misonkhano, kupita ku misonkhano, ndikuyang'anira mabungwe ndi zopindulitsa. Ngati sangayenerere ntchito kapena sakuvomerezedwa ndi maphunziro, akhoza kulipiritsa operekera okhaokha . Ngati akuvutika, amatha kupepesa.

Kodi kusiyana kumeneku kumakhudza bwanji achibale athu? Pali zotsatira zosiyanasiyana:

• Ngati ndalama ikupereka thandizo kwa mwana wa autistic, angaperekedwe kwa ana ena. Ndalama za College zikhoza kupita kuchipatala cha autism, pomwe ndalama zachiwiri zimatha kulipira sukulu yapadera kapena kusamalidwa bwino. Chotsatira chake, mchimwene wake angakhale wokwiya ndi makolo onse awiri komanso m'bale wake wa autistic.
• Ngati nthawi yonse yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira chithandizo kapena kusamalira mwana wa autistic, mbaleyo angamve kuti akusiyidwa kapena kunyalanyazidwa. Izi, nawonso, zingayambitse mkwiyo kapena mkwiyo.
• Ngati makolo akudandaula ndi nthawi ndi mphamvu zofunikira kuti azitha kuthandiza mwana wa autistic, sangakhale ndi mphamvu zochepa zothandizira pa homuweki, kuphunzitsa, kutentha, kapena ntchito zina za makolo.
• Makolo omwe alibe nthawi kapena ndalama zambiri samakhala ndi zinthu zomwe akufunikira kuti azikhala ndi chidwi ndi ntchito ndi zosowa za abale. Mwina sangadziwe mavuto ku sukulu, nkhani za maganizo, kapena makhalidwe omwe angakhale oopsa.

Zomwe amayembekezera kwa abale ndi alongo zimasiyana.

Kodi chiyembekezero cha mwana yemwe ali ndi m'bale wake wa autistic ndi chiyani? Yankho lake lidzadalira kwambiri pa kukula kwa banja lake, ndalama, chikhalidwe chake, ndi kukhazikika kwa maganizo. Yankho lidzasintha ngati autistic ndi mchimwene wake akukula-ndipo makolo sangathe kusamalira zinthu pawokha.

• M'banja lalikulu, pakhoza kukhala anthu ambiri omwe angathe komanso okonzeka kuthandizira kusamalira mwana wa autistic. M'banja laling'ono kwambiri, mwana wamba amene akukula angapemphedwe kutenga udindo waukulu kwa abale awo autistic. Chiyembekezo chimenechi chikhoza kuwonjezeka pamene makolo ali ndi zaka zambiri, mpaka pamene mchimwene weniweni akuyembekezeredwa kukhala wothandizira wamkulu "mwana" wamkulu.
• M'banja lolemera, zingakhale zotheka kulipira osowa odwala kapena ngakhale kumathandiza munthu wina ndi autism. Nthawi zambiri, thandizoli lingaperekedwe kudzera mabungwe. Nthawi zambiri, ngakhale makolo kapena othandizira angapereke thandizo 24/7. Choncho, ngati m'bale wina wa autistic akusowa thandizo la 24/7, ali ndi mwayi wabwino kuti m'bale wake adzafunika kupereka-mwina nthawi ina.
• Mu chikhalidwe cha masiku ano cha America, si zachilendo kuti mamembala aziyenda okha. Abale athu angasunthire dziko lonse lapansi, pamene makolo akupitiriza kusamalira "mwana" wamkulu ndi autism. M'madera ena a dziko lapansi (kapena m'madera omwe akukhala kunja), mabanja amakhala pafupi. Mabanja akamakhala pafupi, amatha kutenga udindo wina wa mwana ndi autism pamene akukula.

Mmene Mungathandizire Mwana Wanu Wokukula

Zirizonse zomwe mumakumana nazo, komanso zirizonse zomwe zingatheke ndi zovuta za mwana wanu wa autistic, ndizofunika kusunga zosowa za mwana wanu. Izi zinati, ndizofunikira kukumbukira kuti kulemala m'banja sikuli chinthu choipa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha zochitika zabwino, mwana wokhala ndi wachibale wovomerezeka akhoza kupeza mphamvu zabwino kwambiri. Chisoni, udindo, kusinthasintha, kulingalira, ndi kukoma mtima zonse zimachokera kuzochitikira.

Nazi malingaliro otsimikizira kuti mwana wanu weniweni ali ndi zotsatira zabwino:

1. Chitani autism ngati gawo la moyo-chinachake kuti mumvetsetse ndi kuchitapo kanthu, osati chinthu chomwe mungapewe kunena kapena kuganizira. Phunzitsani ana anu zonse za autism, ndi zomwe siziri.
2. Muzilemekeza ana anu onse, komanso kulemekeza mwana wanu autistic.
3. Dziwani kuti mwana wanu amene akukula akusowa chidwi ndi chikondi chanu, ndipo mutenge nthawi iliyonse yomwe mungathe kumvetsera, kugawa, kusangalala, kuthetsa mavuto, kapena kungotulutsa.
4. Dziwani kuti mwana wanu yemwe akulera bwino akukumana ndi zovuta zachilendo, ndikuzindikira mavuto omwe amakumana nawo.
5. Pezani nthawi yapadera "yeniyeni" ya mwana wanu amene akukula. Mungafunikire kugulitsa ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wanu, koma izi zingakhale bwino.
6. Konzekerani kutsogolo kwa zosowa za mwana wanu, ndikudziwe momwe mungachitire zinthu musanayambe. Izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazing'onozing'ono (tingachite chiyani ngati mwana wathu autistic akusungunuka kumsika?) Ndi mavuto aakulu (momwe zingathandizire mwana wathu wamwamuna kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama za koleji?). Simusowa nthawi zonse kuti mwana wanu adziwe, koma mukufunikira dongosolo.
7. Khalani osasinthasintha komanso odalirika. Zingakhale zovuta kukhala ndi achibale a autistic, koma zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kukhala ndi chisokonezo kapena kusokonezeka maganizo. Ambiri omwe akulera ana angathe kusintha zovuta pamene akumva kuti ali otetezeka komanso akusamalidwa.
8. Mvetserani kwa mwana wanu yemwe akukula bwino, ndipo penyani zizindikiro zirizonse za nkhawa, kupsinjika, kapena khalidwe loopsa.
9. Dziwani pamene mwana wanu weniweni akukufunani, ndipo mupeze njira yokhalamo. Izi zingafunike kuyitana nthawi zina kapena kukonda ndalama zina nthawi ndi nthawi-koma zikhoza kutanthauza dziko kwa mwana wanu.
10. Pezani thandizo pamene mukulifuna. Mipingo monga Siblings of Autism, Project Sibling Support Project, ndi Sibs Journeyare ndizochepa zomwe mungasankhe. Fufuzani ndi zowonjezera zopezeka kuti mupeze magulu othandizira, kupuma, ndi mapulogalamu.

> Zotsatira:

> Petalas, MA, Hastings, RP, Nash, S. ndi al. Zosiyana ndi Zosiyana Kwambiri mu Ubale Wachibale: Zochitika za Achinyamata Ndi Autism. J Child Fam Stud (2015) 24:38.

> Schopler, Eric et al, Akonzi. Zotsatira za Autism pa Banja. USA: Springer Science & Business Media, Jun 29, 2013.

> Tomeny, T. et al. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Maganizo a Omwe Ali ndi Ana Okhala ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder: Ntchito za ASD Zowonongeka, Kupsinjika kwa Makolo, ndi Chikhalidwe Chokwatirana. Kafukufuku mu Autism Spectrum Disorders, Voliyumu 32, December 2016, Masamba 130-142.

> Walton, K. et al. Kusintha kwazeng'onong'ono ndi maubwenzi a Sibling mu ana a ana aamuna a Autism Spectrum Disorder: Zowopsa ndi zoteteza. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, September 2015, Voliyumu 45, Issue 9, pp 2764-2778.