Chithandizo cha hyperglycemia chimadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi nthawi ya hyperglycemia ndi kuuma kwake, komanso msinkhu wa munthu, thanzi, ndi chidziwitso. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wachikulire yemwe ali ndi mbiri yovuta yaumoyo komanso ntchito yozindikira zamaganizo ayenera kusamalidwa mosiyana ndi munthu wamng'ono, wathanzi yemwe amapereka matenda a shuga.
Bungwe la American Diabetes Association (ADA) likugogomezera kufunikira kwa mapulani omwe anthu onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amafunika. Ndipo, ngakhale kuti ali ndi ndondomeko yolongosoka yopereka thandizo kwa madokotala amapereka mankhwala othandiza kuthandizira matenda a hyperglycemia, munthu aliyense ayenera kuikidwa nthawi yoyamba.
Mukakhala ndi hyperglycemia, pali zinthu zomwe mungachite kunyumba kuti muzitsatire. Koma, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa hyperglycemia, mungafunike kulankhulana ndi wothandizira zaumoyo wanu kuti awathandize popanga dongosolo lanu la mankhwala. Pazoopsa kwambiri monga matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis (DKA), thandizo likufunika.
Zothetsera Pakhomo ndi Moyo Wamoyo
Kusamalira moyo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pochiza hyperglycemia. Ndipotu, mankhwala onse a shuga amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zowonjezera zakudya ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Munthu asasinthe moyo wake ndikudalira mankhwala okha, pamapeto pake mankhwalawa amasiya kugwira ntchito ndipo amafunika kuwonjezera mankhwala ena kuti azitha kuteteza shuga.
Chinsinsi cha moyo wokonzanso ndikupeza chithandizo ndikukhala mofanana. Thandizo mwa mtundu wa maphunziro, makamaka maphunziro a shuga odziletsa (DSME), adzakuthandizira. ADA ikuyamikira kuti anthu onse omwe ali ndi shuga akulandira DSME kuunika, chaka ndi chaka kuti ayese zakudya ndi zosowa za maganizo, pamene pali zinthu zatsopano zovuta zomwe zimakhudza kudziyendetsa, komanso pamene kusintha kusamalidwa kumachitika.
DSME ingakuthandizeni kusintha moyo wanu. Moyo wotsatira umasintha ukhoza kusamalira hyperglycemia:
Zakudya
Zakudya za m'thupi zimakhudza kwambiri shuga m'magazi . Kudya chakudya chochuluka cha chakudya, monga nyemba zoyera (mikate yoyera, ma rolls, bagels, cookies, mpunga, pasta, crackers, maswiti), zakudya zopatsa shuga, ndi zakumwa zotsekemera zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia. Choncho, kudya zakudya zogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zowonongeka zomwe zimakhala ndi fiber zingathandize.
Palibe chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha matenda a shuga. ADA imanena kuti anthu onse amalandira chithandizo chamankhwala chodziwika bwino (MNT), makamaka ndi wolemba zakudya wodzitetezera yemwe ali wodziwa bwino komanso wodziwa bwino matenda a shuga a MNT. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti MNT yoperekedwa ndi odyetserako zakudya ikugwirizana ndi A1C kuchepa kwa 0,3 mpaka 1 peresenti kwa anthu okhala ndi shuga ya mtundu wa 1 ndi 0,5 mpaka 2 peresenti kwa omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
ADA imanena kuti kuswa kwapakati pachitetezo ndi kupewa kupezeka nthawi zambiri kumateteza mtundu wa shuga kwa anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo komanso kungathandizenso anthu omwe ali ndi shuga. Ndicho chifukwa kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kungathandize kuchepetsa matenda a hyperglycemia pogwiritsa ntchito shuga . Mwachitsanzo, kupita kumapeto kwa chakudya chachikulu kungathandize kutentha shuga mu magazi.
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse n'kofunikanso kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi, komwe kungachepetse matenda a hyperglycemia komanso kusintha thanzi labwino.
Pali nthawi zomwe muyenera kupewa masewera olimbitsa thupi pamene shuga lanu la magazi likukula. Ngati shuga lanu la magazi liri pamwamba pa 240 mg / dL ndipo muli ndi ketoni, muyenera kupewa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kuchita ndi ketoni kungayambitse shuga wanu wamagazi kwambiri.
Musanayambe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, onetsetsani kuti mwakonzedwa ndi dokotala.
Kuchepetsa Kulemera
Kuchepetsa kutaya thupi kumapindulitsa kuchepetsa shuga wa magazi chifukwa kumathandiza kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa shuga. ADA imati, "Pali umboni wamphamvu komanso wosatsutsika wakuti kudzichepetsa, kosalekeza kosalekeza kungathe kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda odwala matenda a shuga ndi matenda a shuga ndipo ndi opindulitsa ku kasamalidwe ka shuga la mtundu wa 2." Kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti kutaya thupi mwa kutsatira zakudya zochepa kwambiri kungayambe matenda a shuga , ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi shuga kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Chifungulo cha kulemera kolemetsa ngakhale kuti akuchotsa ndi kulandira chithandizo chokhazikika.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kulemera kwa thupi kumachepetsa kuchepetsa matenda a shuga m'mayambiriro oyambirira a shuga kapena prediabetes, pamene thupi lasunga insulini. Malo abwino oti muyambe ndikutaya pafupifupi asanu mwa magawo asanu a thupi lanu. Kawirikawiri kulemera kwanu kumataya, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa magazi kwanu.
Ngati mukumwa mankhwala pamene mukucheperachepera ndikuzindikira kuti mukukhala ndi shuga wotsika, mumayenera kusintha mankhwala anu kapena kusiya.
Kusuta Fodya
Kusuta kungakhale ndi gawo la hyperglycemia, makamaka pa chitukuko cha mtundu wa shuga 2. Choncho, ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena ngati muli ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha shuga, kusiya kusuta kungathandize kupewa shuga ndi hyperglycemia.
Kuwonetsetsa kwa Shuga kwa Magazi
Kuwunika kawirikawiri shuga ya magazi kungathandize anthu omwe ali ndi shuga kuyesa momwe amachitira ndi mankhwala komanso kusamalira shuga yambiri ya magazi.
Zikuwoneka kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa kuyang'anira shuga ndi kuchepetsa A1C kwa odwala matenda a shuga 1. Mukatha kukhazikitsa shuga yapamwamba yamagazi, mutha kuchitapo kanthu kuti muyipereke ndikuyiteteza poyesa shuga ndi magazi. Mukangoyamba kudziwa za hyperglycemia, mwamsanga mukhoza kusintha.
Saminoni
Lamuloli likudziwiratu ngati cinnamon ndi bwanji komanso kuchepetsa shuga . Kafukufuku wina amanena kuti tiyipiketi awiri pa tsiku angathandize kuchepetsa kudya shuga, pamene ena samatero.
Mofanana ndi chisamaliro chochuluka cha shuga, izi mwina zimakhala zomveka kwa munthu aliyense. Mwanjira iliyonse, palibe choipa pakuwonjezera kuwaza kwa sinamoni kwa khofi, yogurt, oatmeal, kapena toast mmawa.
Apple Cider Viniga
Madzi ochokera ku maapulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga apulo cider viniga. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Journal of Functional Foods anapeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo cha mtundu wa shuga wa mtundu wa 2 amene adamwa ma ola 8 a Braggs Organic Apple Cider Vinyo Wopsa Vinyo Wolimba Stevia kwa milungu 12 adawona kuchepa kwakukulu mukusala kudya shuga.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti anthuwa alibe matenda a shuga komanso kuti ochita kafukufuku sanapeze kusiyana kwakukulu mu shuga la magazi maola awiri mutatha kudya, komanso mu hemoglobin A1C. Ndizinenedwa kuti, olembawo amasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera supuni imodzi kawiri tsiku lililonse kungathandize kuchepetsa kudya kwa shuga. Gwiritsani mavitamini a apulo cider mu saladi yotsatira kapena mutenge mafuta m'kati mwawo-pang'ono pita kutali.
Malemba
Insulini
Insulini ndiyo hormone yomwe imayenera kuyendetsa shuga m'magazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 samapanga insulini yawo. Choncho, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 ayenera kupatsidwa majekeshoni amasiku ndi tsiku a nthawi ya chakudya (kapena kuti insulini) ndi insulini yochepa kudzera mu jekeseni kapena pulogalamu ya insulini.
Kuwonjezera apo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yofulumira, mosiyana ndi ziganizo zapakatikati . Azimayi omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga angathenso kutenga insulini pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha hyperglycemia ndi kusunga dzuwa.
Nthawi zina, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a shuga angayambike pa insulin mankhwala yomweyo kuti athe kuchepetsa shuga. Anthu omwe akhala ndi shuga ya mtundu wa 2 kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka omwe amakhala ndi hyperglycemia nthawi zambiri, angafunikire kuyamba mankhwala a insulini.
Si zachilendo ngakhale kuti wina ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 amene ali ndi insulin amachepetsa kapena kutaya insulini yawo kamodzi kokha ngati magazi awo amawoneka bwino, makamaka ngati ataya thupi. Vuto lirilonse liri losiyana ndipo cholinga cha chithandizo cha insulini chiyenera kukambidwa ndi wothandizira zaumoyo kuti musatengeke kapena kusokonezedwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo
Mankhwalawa amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwake ndiko kuchepetsa kupuma kwachisala ndi kuchepetsa shuga wa magazi mwa kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa glucagon. Ikhoza kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 amalemerera (ngati ali olemera kwambiri), komanso amachepetsa shuga a magazi ndi kuchepetsa mlingo wa insulini.
Mankhwala Amlomo
ADA ili ndi ndondomeko yolongosolera madokotala pakuika mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hyperglycemia. Chitsanzochi chimaganizira zaka, chikhalidwe, umoyo, mbiri ya umoyo, kutalika kwa matenda, shuga ya magazi, moyo, maphunziro, ndi zina zotero. ADA imati, "Njira yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wodwalayo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsogolera chisankho cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kuganizira kumaphatikizapo mphamvu, matenda a hypoglycemia, kulemera kwa kulemera, zotsatira zake, mtengo, ndi zofuna za odwala."
Kawirikawiri, kupatula ngati kutsutsana, anthu ambiri amapindula kuyambira ndi Metformin. Pambuyo pa chiyambi, ADA imati, "Ngati mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito, satha kukwaniritsa cholinga cha A1C patadutsa miyezi itatu, yonjezerani wachiwiri wothandizira, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, kapena insulin."
Gestational Shuga Mellitus
Mankhwala a hyperglycemia atatenga mimba angayambitse matenda a shuga. Mtundu woyamba wa chithandizo ndi mankhwala opatsirana zakudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi kuyang'anira kulemera kupyolera mu chisanadze mimba yolemera ndi kuyang'anira shuga m'magazi.
Kusintha kwa moyo, makamaka chakudya ndi zolimbitsa thupi, ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo amayi onse amafunika kusamalira shuga la magazi. Komabe, ngati shuga la magazi silingathe kulamulidwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo, insulini ndi mankhwala omwe amawakonda chifukwa sakuwoloka pa placenta.
Mankhwala ena monga metformin ndi glyburide angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma onsewo amapita pamtanda mpaka mwanayo, ndipo metformin ikhoza kudutsa kwambiri kuposa glyburide.
Zochitika Zowopsa
Ngati mwakhala m'chipinda chodzidzimutsa chifukwa cha shuga yambiri yamagazi ndipo mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga a ketoacidosis (DKA) kapena hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri ndipo muyenera kulandira chithandizo choyenera cha kachipatala.
Chithandizochi chidzaphatikizapo kuthetsa vuto la hyperglycemia, kukonza kusamvana kwa electrolyte ndi ketosis, ndi kubwezeretsanso kuyendera kwapakati. Kuonjezerapo, zidzakhala zofunikira kukonza choyambitsa chilichonse cha DKA, monga sepsis.
Malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili zovuta, anthu omwe ali ndi DKA adzapatsidwa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso osakaniza.
Opaleshoni
Kuchita opaleshoni sikofunikira kuti magazi asagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha pali zinthu zina zovuta monga kunenepa kwambiri kwa anthu okhala ndi shuga 2. Kuchita opaleshoni kungakhale mwayi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 amene ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri kapena omwe ali ndi ketoacidia kawirikawiri kapena kuti ali ndi hypoglycemia yamphamvu ngakhale kuti akudwala kwambiri matenda a shuga.
Opaleshoni Zamagetsi
Kuchita opaleshoni yamagetsi, osadziwika kuti opaleshoni ya bariatric, ikhoza kukhala njira yothetsera hyperglycemia kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ochepa kwambiri. ADA ikuwonetsa kuti " opaleshoni yowonjezereka iyenera kuyamikiridwa kuti ichitire mtundu wa diabete wa mtundu wa 2 mu odwala opaleshoni omwe ali ndi BMI 40 kg / m2 (BMI 37.5 kg / m2 ku Asia Ammerika), mosasamala kanthu za kayendedwe ka glycemic kapena zovuta za kuchepetsa shuga mabungwe, ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi BMI 35.0-39.9 kg / m2 (32.5-37.4 kg / m2 mu
Amwenye a ku America) pamene hyperglycemia imatha kuyendetsedwa mosasamala kanthu za moyo ndi zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala
mankhwala. "
ADA ikuwonetsanso kuti opaleshoni yamagetsi iyenera kuganiziridwa kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 ndi BMI 30.0-34.9 kg / m2 (27.5-32.4 kg / m2 ku Asia America) ngati hyperglycemia siyenerera
kulamulidwa popanda kupatsirana bwino kwa mankhwala mwa mankhwala kapena pakamwa (kuphatikizapo insulini).
Asanayambe kuchitidwa opaleshoni, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 ayenera kulandira kafukufuku wathanzi ndipo adzalandira thandizo lachipatala kuchokera kwa madokotala ambiri, monga dokotala wawo wamkulu komanso katswiri wa zamoyo. Kuonjezerapo, iwo ayenera kukumana ndi zakudya zowonjezera maulendo angapo asanayambe opaleshoni kuti atsimikizire kuti akutsatira ndondomeko ya zakudya.
Kukhala ndi moyo wa nthawi yaitali komanso kuthandizira kachitidwe kake ka zakudya ndi zakudya zimayenera kuperekedwa kwa odwala pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Kuyesa kufufuza kufunika koti apitirize kuthandizira zaumoyo kuti athe kusintha kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi maganizo pambuyo pakuchitidwa opaleshoni.
Mabala a Pancreas ndi Islet Cell Transplantation
Kuchita opaleshoni yophatikizapo kumafuna kuti thupi lonse lizikhala ndi vuto lakumana ndi magazi, lomwe lingapangitse shuga, kutulutsa matenda a hyperglycemia. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zoipa, sizimene zimachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga ya mtundu wa 1.
M'malo mwake, ADA ikuwonetsa kuti "zoperekera zowonjezereka ziyenera kusungidwa kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amapezeka nthawi imodzi pokhapokha atachotsedwa m'mimba, kapena omwe ali ndi ketoacidia kapena kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa."
Kusungunuka kwa malo kumakhalabe kufufuza. Kukonzekera kwasungunuka kungaganizidwe kwa odwala omwe amafuna kuti pancreatectomy yamba ikhale yopweteka kwambiri. Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndinu oyenerera, phunzirani zambiri zokhudza njirayi ndikuyankhulani ndi dokotala.
Mankhwala Ophatikiza (CAM)
Ngati hyperglycemia ndi chifukwa cholephera kudzisamalira nokha chifukwa cha mavuto a maganizo kapena anthu, psychotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, lomwe lingathandize kuthana ndi kuchepetsa matenda a hyperglycemia.
Ngati munthu akudwala matenda a shuga (DD), amatanthawuza kuti "maganizo olakwika a maganizo okhudzana ndi kukhumudwa ndi zowawa zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi matenda aakulu, ovuta komanso ovuta monga matenda a shuga," kulandira thandizo kudzakhala zovuta kwambiri pakuyang'anira hyperglycemia ndi kuvutika maganizo.
Dziwani kuti thandizo likupezeka ndipo palibe manyazi omwe amagwirizana nawo. Ikhoza kukuthandizani kuti muzisamalire nokha ndi kuyang'ana ndikumverera bwino, choncho musazengereze kukwaniritsa ngati mukufunikira.
> Zotsatira:
> Chigwirizano cha ku America cha shuga. Malamulo a Zamankhwala pa Matenda a Shuga - 2017. Chisamaliro cha Shuga . 2017 Jan; 38 (Suppl 1): S1-132.
> Chigwirizano cha ku America cha shuga. Hyperglycemia (Kuthamanga Kwambiri kwa Magazi).
> Lean M, et al. Kusamalira kwapadera kunayambitsa kukonza zolemera kwa > kukhululukidwa > kwa mtundu wa shuga wa diabetes (DiRECT): a > open label >, kuyesa-randomised trial. " Lancet 2017: DOI: 10.1016 / S0140-6736 (17) 33102-1