Kodi Tili Pafupi ndi Chithandizo cha Matenda a Shuga?
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 amachititsa kuti asatulutse insulini - maselo a beta (β-maselo) omwe amachititsa kuti asapitirize kugwira bwino ntchito chifukwa chazifukwa zosadziwika bwino. Monga njira yothetsera shuga wamagazi, amadalira insulini yopangidwa ndi munthu, jekeseni insulini kangapo tsiku lililonse kapena kuvala insulini pampu, kuwerengera kagawodididwe , ndipo nthawi zambiri amayesa shuga awo .
Komabe, asayansi akuyesa kulenga maselo a maselo (insulin kupanga maselo) kuchokera ku maselo amkati, ndi cholinga chokweza maselowa kuti athandize omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga akuchotsa insulini. Kupalasa maselo opangidwa kuchokera ku maselo otsika ndi malo otukuka afukufuku ndipo akugwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira nyama. Komabe, malinga ndi a National Institutes of Health, pali mitundu iwiri yowonjezeretsa maselo omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito mosankhidwa omwe ali ndi shuga.
Kodi Kusuntha kwa Cell Islet Ndi Chiyani?
Kulowetsa maselo a pancreatic, omwe amadziwika kuti beta maselo, ndi njira yomwe maselo a beta, omwe amapereka kuchokera kwa anthu opereka kapena maselo omwe amapangidwa mu labu, amaikidwa m'thupi la munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga. Chiyembekezo ndi chakuti amatha kutulutsa insulini ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa magazi m'magazi, monga maselo a beta omwe amagwira ntchito.
Pakadali pano, odwala omwe amaikidwa ndi maselo omwe amafa amatha kukhala insulini popanda zaka zambiri.
Komabe, njira iyi ndi yoperewera chifukwa cha kusowa ndi ubwino wopereka maselo. Kuwonjezera apo, ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti kusungunuka kwa selo ndi njira yoyesera ndipo idzakhala yotchedwa kuti mpaka teknoloji yopangira zitsulo imatengedwa kuti ndi yotheka kwambiri kutchulidwa kuchiritsidwa.
Pakalipano, pali mitundu iwiri ya kuziika.
Allo-Kuika
Mtundu uwu umaphatikizapo kutenga maselo kuchokera kwa wopereka wakufayo ndi kuwayeretsa. Pambuyo kuyeretsedwa, maselo amasinthidwa ndikusamutsidwa kwa wolandira.
Kuika magazi kotereku kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 omwe shuga amawopsa kwambiri. Momwemo, kuika m'magazi kungachititse kuti magazi asagwiritsidwe ntchito mopanda magazi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito insensin ya jekeseni kapena infusions, kapena kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa insulini. Cholinga china ndi kuchepetsa kusadziwika kwa hypoglycemia -wopweteka kwambiri komwe anthu sangathe kuzindikira shuga lawo lochepa.
Otsitsa odwala amatha kulandira mawere awiri ndi pafupifupi 400,000 mpaka 500,000. Akaikidwa, maselo a beta m'zilumbazi amayamba kupanga ndi kumasula insulini.
Mukalandira maselo opatsirana, muyenera kukhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti muteteze kukanidwa. Izi zingachititse kuti matenda a shuga asokonezeke chifukwa patapita nthawi mitundu iyi ya mankhwala, monga corticosteroids, ikhoza kuyambitsa matenda a shuga, zomwe zimachititsa kuti magazi aziwopsa. Mitundu ina ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo ingachepetse mphamvu ya beta yotulutsa insulini.
Ndipo potsiriza, mankhwala awa amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chingapangitse chiopsezo cha matenda. Choncho, zikuwonekeratu kuti izi sizichitika popanda zoperewera komanso zosadziwika.
Allo-transplants samachitidwa kuchipatala chonse-zipatala ziyenera kukhala ndi chilolezo ku United States Chakudya ndi Drug Administration (FDA) pofuna kufufuza zachipatala pa malo opatsirana. Dokotala yemwe amadziwika kwambiri pa kujambula kwachipatala, katswiri wa zamagetsi, ndi amene amachititsa kusintha. Amagwiritsa ntchito x-rays ndi kujambula kwa ultrasound kuti atsogolere kukonza kathetta (kamtengo kochepa, pulasitiki ya pulasitiki) kupyolera pang'ono kumimba kumtunda kwa mitsempha yam'kati (mitsempha yaikulu yomwe imapereka magazi ku chiwindi).
Catheter ikangoyikidwa pamalo oyenera maselo am'kati amatsitsimula pang'onopang'ono. Kawirikawiri, odwala amapatsidwa malo otchedwa anethesia komanso omwe amachititsa kuti azisintha.
Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti odwala amafunikira maselo pafupifupi 350 mpaka 750 miliyoni kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito insulini kwathunthu. Chifukwa chake, odwala ambiri amafunika kuwerengeka.
Kusuntha Kokhazikika
Kuika magazi kotereku kumachitidwa pokhapokha kuchotsedwa kwa mphukira (pancreatectomy) kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu komanso oopsa omwe sangathe kuyendetsedwa ndi mankhwala ena. Lingaliro ndikuteteza kusungunula kwa insulini ndi kusungunuka chifukwa kuchotsa makoswe kungachititse munthu kukhala ndi matenda a shuga.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 sangalandire mtundu uwu.
Zotsatira
Poyerekeza ndi kuika thupi lonse, islet cell allo-transplants ndizochepa kwambiri. Zomwe zimawathandiza kupititsa patsogolo mankhwalawa zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuteteza kwa magazi ndi kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa ntchito ya insulini kwa nthawi yaitali. Izi zikutanthauza kuti odwala sakadayiranso insulini kapena kupatsa insulini kudzera pamapepala kangapo patsiku. Kusungunuka bwino shuga m'magazi kungachepetse kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a shuga monga matenda a mtima, matenda a shuga (kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha), ndi kuwonongeka kwa diso (kuwonongeka kwa diso).
Kuonjezera apo, pokhapokha pokhapokha pokhapokha paliponse, pang'onopang'ono, kusinthana kumatha kuchepetsa kusamalidwa kwa hypoglycemia, kuthandiza odwala kukhala ndi zizindikiro monga kutukuta, kugwedezeka, kuwonjezeka kwa mtima, nkhawa, kapena njala, ndi kuwachitira moyenera.
Ngozi
Ndondomeko ya kuikapo ingapangitse chiopsezo cha magazi ndi magazi. Palinso mwayi kuti maselo obwereka sangagwire ntchito bwino kapena ayi. Kuphatikizanso, maselo onse sangagwire ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndipo akhoza kutenga nthawi kuti ayambe kugwira bwino ntchito. Choncho, ozilandira amafunika kutenga insulini mpaka maselo ayambe kugwira ntchito bwino.
Palinso chiopsezo kuti yankho ladzidzidzi limene poyamba linayambitsa maselo a munthu akutha kuyambanso kuyambitsa, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka m'maselo atsopano. Ochita kafukufuku akuyesera kufufuza ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mbali zina za thupi kuti muzitha kuziyika zingathe kulepheretsa izi kuti zichitike.
Pofuna kuteteza maselo, muyenera kumwa mankhwala osamalitsa omwe amachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Mankhwalawa akhoza kuwonjezera shuga. Mankhwala osamalidwa bwino omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta sagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mankhwalawa amalowa m'magulu a wodwalayo.
Zolepheretsa
Chinthu chimodzi cholepheretsa ndikuti pali kusowa kwa maselo azing'ono ochokera kwa operekera-nthawi zambiri palibe maselo okwanira okwanira kuti asamalire ndipo palibe opereka okwanira.
Monga momwe mungaganizire, njira iyi ndi ya mtengo wapatali. Pamene odwala angakhale akusunga ndalama pa insulini, mtengo wa ndondomeko, maimidwe, ndi mankhwala osamalitsa thupi amachititsa mavuto omwe amalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chilumbachi.
Tsogolo Lotsatira
Asayansi akugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti azitha kuyendetsa maselo abwino. Pakhala pali kafukufuku wowonetsera kuthekera kokonza maselo a beta a munthu kuchokera ku maselo amkati mu labu. Amakhulupirira kuti maselowa angapange maselo akuluakulu oposa maselo. Ndipo ngakhale kuti pakhala pali kupita patsogolo kwakukulu, ntchito yochuluka ikuyenera kuchitidwa mderali kusanayambanso kusandulika kukhala chithandizo chamankhwala. Kukwaniritsa njirayi kungatipangitse kuti tiyandikire kwambiri kuchiza matenda a shuga.
Mawu Ochokera
Kusungunuka kwa maselo, makamaka kugawidwa, kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa anthu osankhidwa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 1 amene ali ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yothetsera shuga awo kapena kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kusadziwika kwa hypoglycemia. Kuwongolera kumachitika kokha muzipatala zowatengera zamankhwala zomwe zakhala zikuvomerezedwa ndi FDA.
Kafukufuku wa zinyama asonyeza kuti maselo a beta amapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo osungunuka ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupangira kupanga insulini mofulumira. Njira imeneyi yopangidwira maselo a beta ingapereke mphamvu yowonjezera yodalirika komanso yopindulitsa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zigawo za anthu zoperekedwa. Izi sizikhoza kungowonjezera chiwerengero cha maselo opangira maselo, koma zikhozanso kuwonjezera kupezeka kwa maselo a beta a anthu pofuna kufufuza.
Kugwiritsira ntchito maselo ofunika kungathandize mamiliyoni ambiri, koma asayansi ali ndi ntchito yambiri yoti achite asanayambe kukonza njirayi.
> Zotsatira:
> Chitukuko cha National Diabetes ndi Digestive ndi Impso Matenda. Chilumba cha Pancreatic Transplantation.
> Pagliuca FW, ndi. al. Mitundu ya maselo opangidwira omwe amagwira ntchito m'kati mwa vitro. Cell. 2014 Oct 9; 159 (2): 428-39. lembani: 10.1016 / j.cell.2014.09.040.
> Zolemba Zogwirizana Zolemba Zosindikizira Lipoti la Chaka Chachisanu ndi chiwiri. Zosungirako Zolemba Zosungirako Zokambirana. https://web.emmes.com/study/isl//reports/01062012_7thAnnualReport.pdf
> Chigwirizano cha ku America cha shuga. Mfundo Zachidule Deta ndi Ziwerengero Zokhudza Shuga .
> JDRF. Njira Yatsopano ya Maselo a Beta.