Khulupirirani kapena ayi, kumeza ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri zomwe thupi lanu limapanga, chifukwa zimafuna kugwirizana pakati pa ubongo wanu, ndi mitsempha ndi minofu.
Mitsempha Yambiri Ndi Mitsempha Yogwira Ntchito
Kuwongolera kumachitika m'zigawo zitatu zofanana , zonse zomwe zimafuna kugwirizanitsa bwino minofu m'kamwa, pharynx (mmero wako), larynx (mawu anubox), ndi phokoso (thumba lamkati lomwe limanyamula chakudya m'khosi mwako kupita kumimba mwako).
Minofu yonseyi ili pansi pa magulu a mitsempha yotchedwa mitsempha yanu yopweteka.
Mitsempha yambiriyi ndi mapaundi 12 a mitsempha yomwe imachoka mu ubongo , yomwe ili pamunsi pa ubongo wanu. Mitsempha yanu imayendetsa ntchito monga kununkhiza, kulawa, kumeza, kuona, kusuntha nkhope yanu ndi maso, ndi kupweteka mapewa anu. Mitundu ingapo ya mitsempha yowonongeka ikuphatikizidwa ndi kuyendetsa kugwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka mchenga ndi kumeza.
Mitsempha yotsatirayi ikuphatikizidwa pakumeza:
- Trigeminal (mitsempha yambiri)
- Zojambula (mitsempha yambiri)
- Glossopharyngeal ( mitsempha yoopsa ya IX)
- Vagus (mitsempha yambiri)
- Mitsempha ya Hypoglossal (mitsempha yambiri ya XII)
Momwemonso, mitsempha yambiri imayendetsedwa ndi "malo opangira zinthu" mu ubongo kumene nkhani zokhudzana ndi kumeza zimachitidwa. Malo awa ndi malo omwe ali mu chiberekero cha correx , medulla oblongata, ndi cranial nerve nuclei.
Malo Otsitsa Mu Ubongo
Kumayambiriro koyambitsa kumeza kumachitika m'madera apadera a ubongo wa ubongo, wotchedwa gyrus oyambirira (omwe amatchedwanso malo oyambirira oyendetsa galimoto), gyrasi yoyenda pansi-pansi ndi gyrus yodalirika. Zomwe zimachokera m'maderawa zimasunthira mu malo omeza mu medulla, omwe ali mbali ya ubongo.
Kuwonjezera pa ubongo, zizindikiro za mitsempha zomwe zimatuluka pakamwa zimalandira zokhudzana ndi chakudya chomwe tikufuna. Mitsempha yambiri m'kamwa, pharynx, ndi larynx imabweretsa ubongo ku ubongo umene umatithandiza kudziwa mtundu wa zinthu zomwe ziri pakamwa ndi mmero. Mwachitsanzo, "amauza" ubongo za kukula, kutentha, ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya.
Chidziwitso chimenechi chimatumizidwa ku khungu la ubongo, ndipo pamapeto pake medulla, yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso chodziwitsira kuyendetsa khama la minofu.
Zovuta Zowonjezereka Zowunika Mavuto
Kachitidwe kake kamasintha chakudya kukhala chochepetsetsa komanso chakudya chokhazikika chomwe chili choyenera komanso chokhazikika kumeza. Pamene reflex swallowing ikuyenda kupyolera mu magawo ake osiyana, mitsempha yowunikira kumayambitsa kutsekemera kutseka kwa larynx ndi Epiglottis. Kutsekedwa kumeneku kwa 'mphepo yam'mphepete' kumateteza chakudya ndi madzi kuti asalowe m'mapapo.
Ngati mphepo yamphwayi isayandikire bwino, kapena ngati kumeza sikugwirizana bwino, mavuto monga choking akhoza kuchitika. Chinthu chinanso chakumitsa mavuto, chikoka cha chibayo , chitha kuchitika ngati chakudya chimalowa m'mapapo. Izi zikhoza kuchitika monga zotsatira za matenda a stroke kapena matenda ena a ubongo.
Potsirizira pake, kusowa zakudya m'thupi ndi kuchepa kwa madzi kungawonongeke chifukwa cha kumeza mavuto.
Mmene Kukula Kumakhudzidwa ndi Stroke
Monga momwe mukuonera, pali mbali zambiri za mitsempha yapakatikati yomwe imakhala ndi matenda a stroke kapena matenda ena a ubongo monga multiple sclerosis, matenda a Parkinson, kapena dementia, akhoza kusokoneza kuthetsa.
Zowonjezerapo, medulla ndi malo ochepa kwambiri a ubongo omwe ali ndi ziwalo zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta pochita zizindikiro zobaya zomwe zimaphatikizapo medulla makamaka zimayambitsa mavuto.
Ndipotu, anthu okhala ndi matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opanga mankhwala angapangitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapenanso kosatha kuti tipewe kugwiritsira ntchito chibayo.
Mawu Ochokera
Pamene mukukhala ndi vuto lomeza, ndithudi kumaphatikizapo zovuta pamoyo wanu, dziwani kuti pali njira zopangidwa bwino zomwe zingakuthandizeni kapena wokondedwa wanu kuti musamayesetsedwe bwino. Mwachitsanzo, oyankhula ndi omeza wodwala angakuthandizeni kupanga kusintha kwa mitundu ya chakudya ndi zakumwa zomwe mumadya kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti mumalize.
Kuonjezerapo, kumeza machitidwe monga chopukutira chimbudzi kapena kugwidwa kwa Mendelsohn kungakuthandizeni kulimbitsa minofu yanu yomwe ikuphwanyidwa. Maphunzirowa amalankhula ndi ena ndipo njira zina monga kugwiritsa chikho, udzu kapena supuni zingakhale zothandiza.
> Zotsatira:
> Alali D, Ballard K, Bogaardt H. Mankhwala othandizira odwala akuluakulu omwe ali ndi matenda ambiri: Kuwunika moyenera. Dysphagia . 2016 Oct; 31 (5): 610-8.
> Lembo AJ. (2017). Oropharyngeal dysphagia. Talley NJ, ed. Zaposachedwa. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.