Zofunikiranso Zofunikira ku Ubongo
Mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi yofunika kwambiri ya mitsempha, yomwe imayenda mozungulira ku ubongo m'malo mozungulira msana, monga mitsempha yambiri. Mitsempha yambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, kotero ndizofunika kwambiri kwa madokotala, komanso odwala omwe akudwala matenda a mitsempha.
Pokhapokha ngati muli dokotala, sizikufunikira kuti mudziwe zambiri za mitsempha iliyonse.
Komabe, zomwe zili pansipa zingakuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino magwero a mavuto omwe mwakhala nawo, ndikukutitsogolereni kuti mudziwe zambiri.
Mphepo ya Olfactory
Mitsempha yowonjezera ili ndi udindo wopereka chirichonse chomwe timamva ku ubongo. Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha imeneyi kungayambitse osmia, osakhoza kuzindikira zofukiza . Izi zimakhudzanso chidwi chathu cha kukoma.
Optic Mitsempha
Mitsempha ya optic imatulutsa zizindikiro zamagetsi kuchokera ku diso kupita ku ubongo, zomwe zimasintha zizindikiro izi mu fano la zomwe tikuwona m'dzikoli. Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya optic, monga optic neuritis, kungachititse kusokonezeka maganizo komanso ngakhale khungu.
Mitsempha ya Oculomotor
Mitsempha ya oculomotor ili ndi ntchito ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, mitsempha ya oculomotor imatulutsa zizindikiro zomwe zimalola maso kuyenda m'madera onse omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi mitsempha yambiri. Chachiwiri, mitsempha yotchedwa oculomotor imatulutsa zitsulo zowonongeka kwa iris , zomwe zimachititsa kuti iris ikhale yoyera pamene muli kuwala.
Mphuno mu mitsempha ya oculomotor ikhoza kuyambitsa masomphenya awiri okha (diplopia), koma ikhozanso kuyambitsa "wophunzira wopweteka" -maphunziro amene sangathe kuikapo. Chifukwa cha malo ake, mitsempha ya oculomotor imatha kuwonongeka ndi kukakamizidwa kwakukulu , ndipo wophunzira wopweteka akhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu la mitsempha.
Mitsempha ya Trochlear
Mitsempha ya trochlear imayambitsa minofu yomwe imachititsa kuti diso likhale pansi komanso kunja. Mphuno ya mitsempha iyi ikhoza kuyambitsa diplopia, yomwe ingakhoze kupindulidwa mwa kupukusa mutu kutali ndi diso lomwe lakhudzidwa.
Mitundu ya Trigeminal Nerve
Mitsempha yotchedwa trigeminal nerve makamaka ndi mitsempha yachisokonezo, kutanthauza kuti imachititsa kuti ubongo umveke bwino. Kuonjezera apo, mitsempha yamtunduwu imayendetsa minofu yambiri ya nkhope yofunikira kutafuna. Imodzi mwa mavuto aakulu kwambiri a vuto ndi mitsempha ya trigeminal ndi trigeminal neuralgia , kupweteka kwa nkhope koopsa.
Abducens Mitsempha
Mitsempha imeneyi imayambitsa mitsempha yomwe imachititsa kuti diso lisachoke pamphuno. Chilonda cha mitsempha yotulutsa mitsempha imayambitsa masomphenya awiri, omwe chithunzi chimodzi chimayang'anizana ndi chimzake. Nthaŵi zina kutsegula mitsempha kumakhudzidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri pakakhala kuwonjezeka kwapakati, monga pseudotumor cerebri .
Mitsempha ya Msolo
Mitsempha ya nkhope ndi yovuta. Sikuti imangolamulira minofu yambiri ya nkhope; Mitsempha imeneyi imaperekanso zizindikiro za kulawa kuchokera kutsogolo kwa lilime, imatulutsa utoto wa parasympathetic umene umapangitsa maso kupweteka ndi pakamwa kukhala kolimba, ndipo ali ndi udindo wa zowawa pang'ono pamutu. Zimathandizanso kumvetsetsa kumva kudzera mu mphamvu ya stapedius minofu.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kutupa kwa mitsempha ya nkhope, monga ku Bell , kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri kusiyana ndi kufooka kwa nkhope, ngakhale kufooka koteroko ndi chizindikiro chowonekera kwambiri.
Mitsempha ya Vestibulocochlear
Mitsempha iyi ili ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ziwiri: chigawo cha cochlear chimatumizira mauthenga achibongo ku ubongo kuti tikhoze kumva, ndipo gawo lovala limatumiza zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kusinthana ndi kusuntha. Mavuto ndi mitsempha yotchedwa vestibulocochlear, imatha kuyambitsa kumva kapena kutsekemera , ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zonsezi.
The Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Mitsempha yotchedwa glossopharyngeal imakhala ndi ntchito yosamvetseka. Mitsempha iyi imayambitsa kulawa kuchokera kumbuyo kwa lilime, kumverera kuchokera ku kachigawo kakang'ono mwa khutu ndi mbali za lilime ndi mmero, kusungidwa kwa minofu imodzi yofunika kuti imame (stylopharyngeus), ndi kuponyedwa ndi chigoba cha parotid.
Amalandiranso mfundo zofunika zokhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchokera ku mankhwala a chemoreceptors ndi baroreceptors mu thupi la carotid. Kuwakwiyitsa kwa mitsempha ya glossopharyngeal kungayambitse glossopharyngeal neuralgia, vuto limene zimakhala zowawa kwambiri kumeza.
Mitsempha ya Vagus
Mitsempha iyi imayendetsa pharynx (chifukwa chomeza) ndi larynx (chifukwa choyankhula), komanso kumva kuchokera ku pharynx, mbali ya meninges ndi gawo laling'ono la khutu. Mofanana ndi mitsempha yotchedwa glossopharyngeal, mitsempha ya vagus imayang'ana kulawa (kumtima kwake) komanso imazindikira chizindikiro chapadera kuchokera ku chemo ndi baroreceptors pafupi ndi mtima (mu achtch arch). Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mitsempha ya vagus imatulutsa mtima wotsitsimutsa pamtima, chizindikiro chimene chimatha kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima. Chifukwa cha ubale wake ndi mtima, mavuto a vagus nerve akhoza kukhala owopsa. Kumbali ina, kusonkhezeredwa kwa mitsempha ya vagus kwawonetsedwa kuti kungakhale kopindulitsa pa zovuta zambiri, kuphatikizapo khunyu.
Mitsempha Yoperekera Mimba
Mitsempha ya msana ndi yovuta kwambiri kuposa yomwe idakalipo kale. Icho chiri ndi ntchito imodzi yokha: kuyambitsa kupangidwe kwa mnofu wa sternocleidomastoid ndi trapezius kuti athandize kusuntha mutu kapena phewa. Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha imeneyi kumachepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito minofu imeneyi.
The Hypoglossal Nerve
Mitsempha ya hypoglossal imayendetsa kayendetsedwe ka lilime lonse. Kuvuta kuyankhula (dysarthria) ndi zotsatira zabwino za mitsempha ya hypoglossal yowonongeka.
Zotsatira
- Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy Kupyolera M'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
- Ropper AH, Samuels MA. Adams ndi Victor's Principles of Neurology, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009. McCabe MP, O'Connor EJ.