An antibody , wotchedwanso immunoglobin, ndi mapuloteni ofanana ndi Y omwe amadziwika ndi mitundu ina ya maselo oyera omwe amatha kudziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Malangizo awiri a "Y" amatha kubisala kachilombo ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo kamene kamatchedwa antigen (yemwe amadziwikanso kuti jenereta).
Pochita zimenezi, anti-antibody imathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kaya tiiphe kapena kuti tipewe kulowa m'seri yathanzi, kapena poika mapuloteni ena othandizira kuti azungulira ndi kudyetsa wodwalayo mu njira yotchedwa phagocytosis [ kudya "(phagein) ndi" selo "(kytos)].
Ma antibodies amapangidwa ndi maselo oyera a B-lymphocytes, kapena B-maselo. Pa nthawi yobereka (asanabereke) ndi magawo obadwa mwachisawawa, ma antibodies amachokera kwa mayi kupita kwa khanda kupyolera mu ndondomeko yotchedwa kuteteza katemera. Kuchokera kumeneko, mwanayo ayamba kudzipangira okhaokha, kutengera chitetezo chokhazikika cha thupi kapena ngati gawo la thupi la chitetezo cha thupi (immate immunity).
Anthu amatha kupanga mitundu yoposa mabiliyoni khumi a antibodies, aliyense akuteteza mtundu wina wa antigen. Tsamba loti antigen-limangirira pa antipopular lomwe limatchedwa paratope lili pamalangizo a "Y" ndipo imatseka pa tsamba lophatikiza pa antigen wotchedwa epitope.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa paratope kumathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chizindikire mitundu yambiri ya antigen.
Matenda a HIV ndi Antigeni
Pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka, ma antibodies omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amawonekera poyang'ana ma antigen mkati mwa sabata kapena ziwiri. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti athane ndi ma antitigeni osiyanasiyana: p24 antigen, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yoyamba kuwonekera; ndi gp120 ndi gp41 antigens, zomwe zonsezi zimapezeka pamwamba pa kachilomboka.
Mukakhala ndi kachirombo ka HIV, ma antibodies amapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo komanso amapereka zowononga zowononga kachirombo ka HIV (kuphatikizapo kuyesedwa kwapakhomo kunyumba ). Mayesero osakanikirana achinayi akuthandizira kupeza kachilombo ka HIV ndi p24 antigen, kupereka chitsimikizo cholondola, chotsimikizika cha HIV.
Zotsatira:
Janeway, C .; Mizere, P .; Walport, M ;; ndi Shlomchik, M. Immunobiology, Edition 5 - Immune System mu Umoyo ndi Matenda. 2001; Garland Science; Mzinda wa New York; ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "June 18, 2010, Kalata yovomerezeka - ARCHITECT HIV Ag / Ab Combo." Silver Spring, Maryland; inatulutsidwa pa December 22, 2009.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA imavomereza kuyesa koyeso koyambilana koyambitsa HIV / 1 antigen ndi HIV-1/2." Silver Spring, Maryland; Pulogalamuyi inamasulidwa pa August 8, 2013.