Malaria ndi matenda ofala kwambiri, omwe amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 200 miliyoni padziko lonse. Komabe, matendawa amatha kutenga milungu ingapo kapena yaitali chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo:
- Zizindikiro zosaoneka bwino, zomwe zimawoneka ngati chimfine zikhoza kuoneka ngati zizindikiro za matenda a tizilombo tochepa, omwe sungatheke kwa masiku angapo.
- Nthawi yowonjezera nthawi yaitali imatanthawuza kuti ngati mwapezeka ndi malungo kudzera mu kuluma kwa udzudzu, simungathe kuwona zizindikiro kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo, kawirikawiri mutakhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso udzudzu ukuiwalika.
Pali zizindikiro zingapo za matenda a malungo, ndipo ngati zizindikirozi zikuchitika, mayesero odalirika angayesetse ngati muli ndi matenda owopsa chifukwa cha majeremusi.
Kuyesera Kukhazikitsa ndi Kunyumba
Mukhoza kuphunzira kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za malungo kuti mudziwe nokha kapena okondedwa anu ayesedwe kuti awone ngati muli ndi kachilomboka.
Mbiri ya Mphungu ya Madzi
Ngati mwakhala ndi udzudzu kumadera omwe matenda a malungo amapezeka, izi zimakupatsani mwayi wodwala.
Matenda-Monga Matenda
Matenda a malungo amatchulidwa ngati matenda a chimfine, kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zomwe zingaphatikizepo malungo, kutopa, kupweteka mutu, kupweteka kwa minofu, kupwetekedwa m'mimba, kusanza, ndi kutsekula m'mimba. Ngati mukumana ndi zizindikirozi masabata angapo kapena miyezi ingapo mutapezeka kuti muli ndi malungo, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu.
Kuthamanga kwa Fever, Chills, Sweats, ndi Kugwedeza
Matenda a malungo amavomerezedwa chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi.
Mutha kuwona malungo osakaniza ndi kuzizira ndi mazungulo omwe angakhalepo kuyambira maola 10 mpaka 35.
Mapulogalamu ndi Mayesero
Pali mayesero ambiri a magazi omwe angathe kuthandizira kupeza matenda a malungo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala mkati mwa maselo ofiira a thupi, ndipo mayesero ena amatha kuzindikira thupi lomweli, pamene mayesero ena angathe kuzindikira mankhwala omwe amasonyeza kuti pali thupi m'thupi lanu.
Complete Blood Count ndi Chemistry Profile
Mawerengedwe a magazi ndi magulu a electrolyte amatha kudziwa zotsatira za malungo, monga kutupa, kuchepa magazi, ndi kuperewera kwa impso.
Kuyeza kwa Microscopic
Magazi a magazi ndi njira yowonera zitsanzo za magazi, zomwe zimayikidwa pazithunzi ndi kuyang'aniridwa pansi pa microscope. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadziwika ngati mankhwala amagazi amadetsedwa ndi tepi yapaderayi, tsamba la Giemsa.
Ngati muli ndi nthenda yambiri ya magazi yomwe sizilombozi zimadziwika, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mulibe matenda. Ngati pali chifukwa chomveka choganiza kuti muli ndi malungo, kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti abwereze magazi omwe amawoneka kuti azitha kuwona tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mayeso Odzidziwitsa Odzidzimutsa (RDT)
Chiyeso chomwe chingazindikire kupezeka kwa tiziromboti mwamsanga, RDT ili ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zina. Sichifuna katswiri kuti awonetseke ndikuyesa zitsanzo zazing'ono, koma ndizofunika kwambiri ndipo zimawoneka zopanda malire kusiyana ndi kuunika kochepa.
Mapulogalamu a Paulymerase (PCR)
PCR ikhoza kuzindikira kuti pali matenda a malungo omwe amachokera kwa munthu wodwala. Zimayesedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri, koma zotsatira zingatenge masiku angapo.
Kuyezetsa kumafuna malo odziwika bwino a labotale ndipo ndi okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mayesero ena a magazi omwe amachitidwa ndi malungo.
Kujambula
Kawirikawiri, mayesero a magazi ndi mayesero odalirika kwambiri a malungo chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa maselo ofiira a magazi ndipo sitingayang'ane mosavuta pa maphunziro a kujambula.
Ubongo wa CT kapena Brian MRI
Nthawi zina, monga matenda a malungo, vuto lalikulu lomwe malungo amatha kufalikira mu ubongo, mayesero osakhala ovuta monga brain CT kapena MRI angakhale othandiza. Pazochitikazi, kujambulidwa kwa ubongo kungasonyeze kupezeka kwa ubongo m'mimba, komanso madera ochepa omwe amatha kupwetekedwa ndi zilonda, zomwe njira zothandizira zotsatila zingaperekedwe.
Kusiyanitsa kusiyana
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimagawana zizindikiro za malungo. Kawirikawiri, mayesero oyezetsa matenda amayenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa zikhalidwezi ndi malungo.
Matenda a Viral
Mofanana ndi malungo, matenda a chimfine ndi matenda ena omwe amapezeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda angayambitse kuphatikiza, kutentha, kupwetekedwa m'mimba, kunyoza, kusanza, kukakamira, ndi kupuma pang'ono. Kusiyanitsa ndiko kuti malungo ali ndi chithandizo chapadera chomwe sichichiza matenda opatsirana.
Nthawi zambiri, ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi kapena matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mumalandira mankhwala okhawo, osati kachilomboka. Mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitingathe kuthandiza kapena kuchiza malungo.
Sepsis
Sepsis ndi matenda omwe amafalikira mthupi lonse, kutengera magazi ndipo amachititsa zizindikiro zambiri zofanana ndi zovuta za matenda a malungo, kutentha kwambiri, kutentha, ndi thukuta. Sepsis angapite patsogolo kuti ayambe kusokoneza limba, kutaya chidziwitso, kapena kukomoka.
Kusiyana kwakukulu kwakukulu pakati pa malungo ndi sepsis ndikuti sepsis amayamba chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya omwe amafunika kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki omwe amayenera kulandira mabakiteriya, ndipo sepsis sichikuyenda bwino ndi mankhwala operekedwa ndi malungo.
Maningitis kapena Encephalitis
Matenda okhudza ubongo (encephalitis) kapena chophimba chomwe chili pafupi ndi ubongo (meningitis) chingayambitse kugunda, kufooka, masomphenya kusintha, ndi kutaya chidziwitso. Matenda a malungo, monga meningitis ndi encephalitis, ndi matenda aakulu omwe angachititse kuti thupi liwonongeke mpaka kalekale.
Matendawa aliwonse amafunika kuchipatala ndi mankhwala omwe akuwongolera kuti athetse vutoli.
Chiwindi cha Dengue
Dengue ndi kachilombo kofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu, ndipo, monga malaria, imayambitsa matenda, mutu, ndi minofu. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa matendawa ndi malungo ndiko kuti dengue nthawi zambiri imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthamanga, pamene malungo si. Dengue ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda osiyana ndi omwe amachiza malungo.
Kutentha kwa Enteric
Kuwopsa kwa malungo ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe amafalitsidwa kudzera mu chakudya kapena anthu, osati ndi udzudzu. Zizindikiro zingapo zimakhala zofanana ndi za malungo, kuphatikizapo malungo, kuzizira, kutopa, kupwetekedwa m'mimba, kusanza, ndi kutsekula m'mimba.
Kuwopsa kwa malungo kumayambitsa matenda ochepetsa magazi m'thupi komanso matenda oopsa a chiwindi ku ma laboratory, pamene matenda a malungo amatha kufotokoza mavitamini a malungo pogwiritsa ntchito magazi ochepa kwambiri. Chowopsa chotenga matenda ndi chosiyana, ndipo matendawa amafuna mankhwala osiyana.
Matenda a Sick Cell Anemia
Matenda a malungo ndi chikondwerero cha matenda a anemia amagawana zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo magazi m'mitsuko yaing'ono yamagazi komanso kutuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi. Magazi a magazi amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa zikhalidwe.
Matenda a nthenda ya m'thupi ndi malungo amachiritsidwa mosiyana, ndi malungo omwe amafuna mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda osungira maselo omwe amafuna kuika magazi komanso mwina kuyendetsa mpweya.
> Zotsatira:
> Calderaro A, Piccolo G, Montecchini S, et al. Kufala kwa malungo mu malo osagwirizana: Kuyerekezera zipangizo zamatenda ndi zotsatira za odwala panthawi ya kufufuza kwa zaka zinayi (2013-2017). Malar J. 2018 Feb 5; 17 (1): 63. lembani: 10.1186 / s12936-018-2218-4.
> Laktabai J, Platt A, Menya D, et al. Pulogalamu yamakono a zamagetsi a zamagetsi a zitsimikizo zapamwamba ndi kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa matenda a malungo ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo m'midzi. PLoS One. 2018 Feb 1; 13 (2): e0191968. lembani: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0191968. eCollection 2018.