Ndondomeko ya Kuyezetsa HIV
Kuyeza kachirombo ka HIV kawiri kawiri kachitidwe ka HIV . Mayeso oyambirira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri amayesedwa kwambiri . Kuyesera kwapamwamba kumapangidwira kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV angathe kutero. Chiyeso choyambiriracho chimatsatiridwa ndi mayesero amodzi kapena angapo omwe amadziwika bwino kuti athe kupeza kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV. Zakale, zovuta zowonongeka kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuyesedwa kovomerezeka ndi mayeso a ku Western blot.
Komabe, palinso mayesero ena omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kodi mayeso a azungu a kumadzulo akugwira ntchito bwanji?
Kuyezetsa magazi kumadzulo kumatchedwanso mapuloteni osadziwika. Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire mapuloteni enieni mu chitsanzo. Njira yeniyeni yowonjezera kumadzulo imaphatikizapo kupatula mapuloteni ndi kutalika pa gel. Kenaka galasiyi imaphatikizidwa ndi ma antibodies omwe amachitika ndi mapuloteni omwe akufunidwa.
Komabe, pamene mabomba a kumadzulo akugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayese HIV , izi zimachitika mobwerezabwereza. Kawirikawiri, mumayeso a ku Western blot, mapuloteni osadziwika akufufuzidwa ndi ma antibodies odziwika. Komabe, pofuna kukayezetsa kachilombo ka HIV, asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni oteteza kachilombo ka HIV ndikuyang'ana ngati ali ndi ma antibodies aliwonse m'magazi a munthu omwe amamatira.
Kuyezetsa kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri kumayang'ana ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mapuloteni otsatirawa:
- Mapuloteni ochokera m'thukutu la HIV: gp41, ndi gp120 / gp160.
- Mapuloteni ochokera pachimake cha HIV: p17, p24, p55
- Mavitamini amene kachilombo ka HIV kamagwiritsa ntchito pa matenda: p31, p51, p66
Kuti munthu aone ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ayenera kukhala ndi ma antibodies amodzi mwa mapuloteni a envelopu ndi imodzi mwa mapuloteni oyambirira, kapena amodzi mwa mapuloteni.
Ngati munthu ali ndi ma antibodies omwe sagwirizana ndi mapuloteni osiyana, zotsatira zawo zimawoneka ngati zosadetsedwa. Ndondomeko yeniyeni yowunikira zotsatira zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mayesero osiyanasiyana a chizungu cha Western. Komabe, cholinga chake nthawi zonse kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mayesero olakwika omwe amakhumudwitsa munthu popanda chifukwa.
Zotsatira za chibwibwi chakumadzulo chakumadzulo zingakhale chizindikiro cha kachilombo ka HIV . Zotsatira za mayeso zingachitenso pamene anthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ma ARV , monga HTLV . Kawirikawiri, ngati munthu ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a kachilombo ka HIV kameneka kwenikweni ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, mayeso awo a kumadzulo a azungu adzatsimikizika bwino patatha nthawi yambiri.
Mayesero a chizungu cha kumadzulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso ovomerezeka m'malo moyesera, popeza sagwirizana kwambiri ndi mayesero oyamba a ELISA kapena ma ARV. Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangaoneke kachilombo ka HIV. Komabe, mayesero amtundu wa kumadzulo ndi ochepa kwambiri omwe angapereke zotsatira zowonetsera zowonetsera ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira mayesero oyambirira.
Ngati Mwadziwidwa Muli ndi Mayeso Odziwika Kwambiri Akumadzulo
Akuuzidwa kuti mayesero achizungu a kumadzulo amatha kukhala opanikizika kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akuyezetsa HIV.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zosagwirizanitsa ndi chiwonetsero cha HIV chimene chingayambitse zotsatira zake. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi ziboda zam'madera akumadzulo amakonda kulangizidwa kuti ayesenso kuyesedwa, kaya mwamsanga kapena patapita nthawi.
Kufufuza mobwerezabwereza kuti muwone ngati pali cholakwika momwe njira yakuda ya azungu inayendetsera. Mosiyana, kuyembekezera mwezi kapena kuposerapo musanayambe kubwereza kumathandiza kuti chitetezo cha munthu chiteteze chitetezo cha mthupi kuti apange ma antibodies ena owonjezera ma antigen, ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Kubwezeretsa nthawi zambiri kudzathetsa chiyeso chosagwiritsidwa ntchito ku West Western kuti chikhale ndi zotsatira zabwino kapena zoipa .
Komabe, ngati mayesero obwerezabwereza akupitirirabe kutumiza zizindikiro zosokoneza, madokotala angafunike kusinthanso kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zina zodziwira ngati muli ndi kachirombo ka HIV kapena ayi. Palibe mayeso omwe aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali abwino nthawi zonse.
Zotsatira:
Guan M. Frequency, zimayambitsa, ndi mavuto atsopano a zotsatira zowonongeka ku Western Western blot test test antibodies to HIV immunodeficiency virus. Clinic Vaccine Immunol. 2007 Jun; 14 (6): 649-59.
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