Kuyanjana koyambirira kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa matenda
Kukhala ndi "kukambirana" ndi mwana wanu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta pazinthu zabwino. Zingathe kukhumudwitsa kwambiri anthu ambiri achikulire omwe sali ozolowereka kukambirana za kugonana ndi ena, makamaka aang'ono awo. Nthawi zambiri zimatsutsana ndi zikhulupiliro za chikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo ndipo zimapereka mwayi wovomerezeka (kapena kulimbikitsa) kugonana kwa achinyamata.
Zomwe ziri ndi zikhulupiriro kapena zodandaula za munthu, chinthu chimodzi chimatsalira: kupeŵa kukambirana momasuka ndi kosaganizira za kugonana-kapena kuganiza kuti sukulu ya mwana wanu idzayang'anira-ndi kulakwitsa. Zotsatira zake sizimangokhala ndi mimba yosakonzekera komanso matenda opatsirana pogonana (matenda opatsirana pogonana). Ngakhale zikhulupiliro pakati pa ena kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikulinso vuto lomwe poyamba linalipo, achinyamata amakhala pachiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka ndikulifalitsa kwa ena.
Nazi zifukwa zisanu zomwe mukufunikira kukambirana ndi HIV ndi mwana wanu lero.
Matenda Ambiri Amapezeka Pakati pa Zaka zachinyamata
Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha matenda opitirirabe chikukula kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata, zambiri mwazirombozi zimachitika pamene munthuyo akadali wachinyamata.
Malinga ndi bungwe la US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) , pafupifupi pafupifupi mmodzi mwa anayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amapezeka muunyamata wa zaka 13 mpaka 24, ndipo chiwerengerochi chakhala chikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka kuyambira 2008 mpaka 2011.
Ngakhale kuti deta ikuwonetsa kuti achinyamata omwe ali ndi zaka 13-19 ali ndi matenda ochepa kwambiri kuposa achinyamata omwe ali ndi zaka 20 mpaka 24 (4,8 peresenti ndi 18 peresenti), musalole kuti ziwerengerozi zikunyengeni. Malinga ndi ofufuza a ku Yunivesite ya John Hopkins, anthu 45 peresenti ya anthu osakwana zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (25) amapita kuchipatala pamene matenda awo afika pamsinkhu wapamwamba , omwe ali ndi CD4 chiwerengero chomwe chagwera pansi pa maselo 350 / mL.
Mwachidule, anthu omwe akupezeka pa siteji iyi ya matendawa akhala akudwala zaka zisanu kapena kuposa apo adakali aang'ono .
Izi zimathandizidwa ndi deta kuchokera ku CDC kuti 60 peresenti ya achinyamata ndi achinyamata sakudziwa ngati ali ndi kachilombo kapena ayi.
Achinyamata ambiri samadziwa momwe angadzitetezere kapena sakudziwa kuopsa kwawo
Nazi izi: malinga ndi kafukufuku wofalitsidwa ndi CDC, pafupifupi 47 peresenti ya ophunzira a ku America adanena kuti anagonana asanamalize sukulu ya sekondale, ndipo 13 peresenti anali ndi abwenzi anayi kapena ochuluka pa nthawiyi. Mwa awa, mmodzi pa anayi angakhale ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana asanakwanitse zaka makumi awiri, akuwerengera za matenda opatsirana pogonana opitirira mamiliyoni atatu ku US chaka chilichonse.
Kutsimikizira izi ndizokuti osakwana 50 peresenti ya ophunzira adanena kugwiritsa ntchito kondomu nthawi zonse . Ngakhale pali zifukwa zambiri zokhuza izi, kusokonezeka kwa kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu komanso kachirombo ka HIV kumawoneka kuti ndi udindo waukulu chifukwa achinyamata ambiri amadziika okha pangozi.
Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Rollins School of Public Health, pafupifupi munthu mmodzi pa asanu alionse a ku koleji sananene kuti sanalandire malangizo okhudza makondomu, pomwe wina wachitatu sanawone kugwiritsa ntchito makondomu molondola .
Kusadziŵa kwenikweni za kondomu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu makamaka mwa amuna omwe amayembekezeredwa kukhala odziwa bwino za kugonana-kuwonjezeka ndi momwe ophunzira ambiri amachitira patsogolo kachilombo ka HIV pokambirana kapena kukambirana za kugonana.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa mu 2014 ndi MAC AIDS Fund anasonyeza kuti, pamene achinyamata 85 pa 100 aliwonse adanena kuti adaphunzitsidwa za HIV / AIDS kusukulu ya sekondale, gawo limodzi la magawo atatu sadziwa kuti kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kafukufuku wofanana ndi a Mabungwe a Ziphunzitso za maphunziro ku Canada anasonyeza kuti pa zifukwa zambiri zoti asagonana, ndi 1 peresenti yokha ya amuna khumi ndi anayi komanso 1.9 peresenti ya amayi khumi ndi anayi omwe amayamba kugonana ngati kachilombo ka HIV.
Zowonongeka chabe, kachilombo ka HIV sikutanthauza zonse zomwe zili pamwamba pa mndandanda wa zokhudzana ndi kugonana.
Achinyamata Sangayembekezere Kuyankhula za HIV Pamodzi
Ngakhale achinyamata akamakhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kaŵirikaŵiri samakambirana za wina ndi mnzake.
Phunziro lomwelo kuchokera ku Mabungwe a Ziphunzitso za maphunziro linapeza kuti kugwirizana pakati pa anzanu pa nkhani ya HIV kunali kotsika kwambiri. Pa aphunzitsi a kalasi ya 3,627 11, ana makumi asanu ndi awiri (49%) azimuna ndi 49 peresenti ya akazi adanena kuti akudandaula za kutenga matenda opatsirana pogonana, koma pang'ono (47 peresenti ndi 43 peresenti) anali ndi nkhawa za HIV.
Ngakhale zili choncho, 6 peresenti ya amuna khumi ndi anayi ndi 9 peresenti ya amayi khumi ndi anayi aliwonse adakambirana za HIV ndi anzawo.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa za izi zingakhale zabwino zomwe achinyamata ambiri ali nazo pa HIV kapena zomwe zimatanthauza kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV. M'gulu lomweli la ophunzira, 22 peresenti ya amuna asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri (17%) azimayi asanu ndi awiri (7) aliwonse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka 7 adanena kuti "sangathe kukhala pa ubwenzi ndi munthu amene ali ndi HIV / AIDS" pamene 16 peresenti ndi 10 peresenti amakhulupirira kuti " / Edzi amapeza zomwe akuyenerera. "
Ngakhale kuti chiŵerengerocho chinkawoneka ngati achinyamata akukula, chiopsezo chachikulu chokhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV chingakhumudwitse kukambirana komanso kukambirana za matendawa makamaka makamaka omwe angayambe kuti ali ndi kachilomboka.
Zimene Makolo Achinyamata Amanena Zimagwira Ntchito
Kufotokozera momveka bwino za makondomuwa, kachilombo ka HIV ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana amatha kuchepetsa mavuto ambiri. Kafukufuku wina anasonyeza kuti achinyamata omwe adakambirana za kondomu ndi makolo awo amakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito makondomu ndipo nthawi zambiri sagwidwa ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana kusiyana ndi omwe sanagwiritse ntchito makondomu nthawi zonse.
Mofananamo, mu kafukufuku wa dziko lonse la ophunzira 8,098 ku sekondale, achinyamata omwe anakambirana momasuka za HIV ndi makolo awo adawoneka kuti sangakhale ndi zibwenzi zambiri kapena kugonana mosadziteteza. Chosiyana chinkawoneka kuti ndi chowonadi kwa ophunzira omwe adakambirana ndi anzawo, momwe kachilombo ka HIV kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri kawiri,
Kusokonezeka kwa Makolo kawirikawiri Ndichifukwa chachikulu Kwambiri Chifukwa Achinyamata Sakusankha Kukambirana za HIV
Kulankhulana momveka bwino za HIV kungakhale kovuta chifukwa anthu ambiri sagwirizana ndi kugonana. Tangolingalirani momwe ziyenera kukhalira kuti makolo ndi achinyamata akambirane nkhani zomwe zimatchedwa "chachiwiri" zokhudzana ndi HIV zomwe zimakhala zosavomerezeka kapena zovuta.
Koma taganizirani lero kuti pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya atsikana onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a Edzi amapezeka chifukwa cha kugonana kwa amuna ndi amuna . Taganizirani kuti achinyamata 17 pa 100 alionse amakhala ndi chiopsezo chogonana pamene akumwa mowa, ndipo 8 peresenti amagwiritsira ntchito cocaine ndi 24 peresenti omwe amatsutsa chamba ndiwonso. Izi ndi zina chabe zomwe zimafunika kuti akambirane pa nkhani ya HIV ndi ana awo.
Pamene kusunga nkhanizi patebulo kungawoneke kuti ndi kovuta-zosatheka kwa mabanja ena, kuwaponya pansi pamphepete kungawonongeke kwambiri-kudzipatula kwa mwanayo ndi kumukana munthuyo kuti akhale wathanzi kapena chithandizo chomwe angafunikire .
Komanso, kunyalanyaza zenizeni za kugonana kwachinyamata pofuna kudziletsa sikungathandize pang'ono kugonana. Kuwunika kwakukulu kwa mayesero makumi atatu ndi atatu osasinthika omwe adafalitsidwa mu 2009 kunamveka kuti njira zopewera kudziletsa sizinachepetse kapena kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kachirombo ka HIV pakati pa achinyamata a ku United States ndipo, mwa mawu a olemba, makamaka "alibe."
Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto osadziwika bwino, funsani thandizo kwa katswiri wodziwa HIV kapena wothandizira zaumoyo. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zochitika zawo zokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso zinthu zina zoopsa pamene amaloledwa kukhala payekha ndi katswiri wa chipani chachitatu.
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungapezere dokotala woyenera wa HIV kapena kulankhulana ndi malo otetezeka a HIV / AIDS kuti mukalandire chithandizo cha atsikana chapafupi ndi inu.
Zotsatira:
Kapogiannis, B ;; Ellen, J ;; Xu, J ;; et al. "Strategic Multisite Initiative for Identification, Linkage ndi Kukhudzidwa Kusamalira Achinyamata Opatsirana ndi HIV (SMILE): Kodi Chithandizo cha Kuchiza Chingachititse Achinyamata Ochepa a ku America?" Msonkhano wa 19 wa International AIDS Society Conference; Washington, DC; July 22-27, 2012; TUPE211.
Holtzman, D. ndi Rubinson. R. "Kulankhulana kwa makolo ndi anzawo chifukwa cha khalidwe lokhudzana ndi Edzi pakati pa ophunzira a ku sekondale ku US." Malingaliro a Kulera. November-December 1995; 27 (6): 235-240, 286.
Miller, K., Levin, L .; Whittaker, D .; et al. "Zitsanzo za kugwiritsira ntchito kondomu pakati pa achinyamata: zotsatira za kuyankhulana kwa amayi ndi achinyamata." Buku Lopatulika la Umoyo Wathanzi. October 1998; 88 (10): 1542-1544.
Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC). " Achinyamata a Canada , Kugonana ndi Edzi ndi HIV / AIDS Phunziro: Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chidziwitso, malingaliro ndi makhalidwe." Toronto, Ontario; 2003: ISBN 0-88987-149-3.