Kutupa kumachitika pamaso pa wothandizira, matenda, kapena chochitika chomwe chingapweteke thupi. Ndi HIV makamaka, ndizovuta kwambiri pokhapokha ngati vutoli liri ndi chifukwa ndi zotsatira. Kumbali imodzi, kutupa kumachitika ngati mwachindunji kuvomereza kachilombo ka HIV. Kumbali ina, kutupa kosatha-komwe kumapitirizabe ngakhale pamene munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-kungawonetsere kuwonongeka kwa maselo ndi maselo omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV.
Ndi nsomba-22 yomwe imapitirizabe kusokoneza asayansi ndikutsutsa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa.
Kutupa Kufotokozedwa
Kutupa ndi njira yovuta yomwe imayambira matendawa (monga kachilombo, mabakiteriya, kapena majeremusi), komanso kuwonetsetsa poizoni kapena kuvulala. Ndi mbali ya chitetezo cha mthupi , chomwe chikukonzekera kukonzanso maselo owonongeka ndikubwezeretsanso thupi labwino.
Pamene matenda kapena vuto linalake likuchitika, thupi limayankha mwa kuchepetsa chotengera chaching'ono cha magazi kuti chiwonjezere magazi onse komanso kuperewera kwa mitsempha yambiri. Izi zimayambitsa minofu kuti imve, kulola magazi ndi maselo oyera a chitetezo a magazi kuti alowe mkati. Maselo amenewa (amatchedwa neutrophils ndi monocytes) amayendayenda ndi kuwononga munthu aliyense wakunja, kenako amalola kuti machiritso ayambe.
Nthawi zina kutupa kumatha kumalo komweko, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi kudula kapena kudula tizilombo.
Panthawi zina, imatha kuwonetsa thupi lonse, komanso imakhudza thupi lonse, monga momwe zingathere pa matenda kapena matenda ena.
Kutupa kumatchulidwa kuti ndi kovuta kapena kosalekeza. Kutentha kwakukulu kumachitika mofulumira kumayambiriro ndi nthawi yayitali. Ndi HIV, mwachitsanzo, matenda atsopano angayambe kuyankha mofulumira, nthawi zambiri amachititsa kutupa kwa maselo a mitsempha yotupa, zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine, komanso kuthamanga kwa thupi lonse.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kutentha kwakukulu kumapitiriza nthawi yaitali. Apanso, tikuwona izi ndi HIV, momwe zizindikiro zovuta zimakhalira koma matenda opatsirana amakhalabe. Ngakhale kuti pangakhale zizindikiro zochepa, ngati zilipo, panthawi imeneyi, thupi lidzapitirizabe kuyankha kwa kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Pali Zinthu Zabwino Kwambiri?
Kutupa kawirikawiri ndi chinthu chabwino. Koma ngati sizingatheke, zimatha kutembenuzira thupi palokha ndikukolola kwambiri. Zifukwa izi ndi zophweka komanso zosakhala zosavuta.
Kuchokera pamwambamwamba, kukhalapo kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumathandiza kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezeke, ndi cholinga chowombera ndi kupha munthu wamba. Panthawi imeneyi, maselo ochiritsira angathe kuonongeka kapena kuwonongedwa. Pamene ndondomekoyi imaloledwa kupitilizabe kusagwedezeka, monga zimachitika ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kuthamanga kwapopera kwa maselo kumayamba kukwera.
Choipa kwambiri, ngakhale pamene munthu aikidwa pa mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito antiretroviral , padzakhalabe kutupa kwapansi, chifukwa chakuti kachilomboka kakali komweko. Ndipo ngakhale izi zikhoza kutanthawuza kuti kutentha sikungakhale kovuta pa siteji iyi, sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala choncho.
Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wa olamulira omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV (omwe amatha kupondereza kachilombo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo) amasonyeza kuti, ngakhale phindu la chilengedwe, panali ngozi yaikulu 77% yochiritsidwa chifukwa cha matenda a mtima ndi matenda ena poyerekeza ndi mankhwala , olamulira osaphunzira.
Kuti ziwerengero zofanana za matendazi zinkawonedwa mwa anthu osaphunzitsidwa, osakhala olemekezeka omwe amasonyeza kuti thupi limayankha ku HIV lingayambitse zotsatira za nthawi yaitali monga matendawa.
Zomwe timawona kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali nthawi zina zimasintha kwambiri makonzedwe a maselo, mpaka kuwonongeka kwa zolembera zamkati. Zosinthazi zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa ndi okalamba, zomwe maselo sangathe kubwereza ndikuyamba kumva zomwe timazitcha apoptosis asanakwane (imfa yoyamba ya ma cell). Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a mtima, khansa, matenda a impso, matenda a maganizo, ndi matenda ena omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala okhudzana ndi ukalamba.
Kwenikweni, kutentha kwakukulu, ngakhale pamtunda wotsika, " kumatha " thupi pasanafike nthawi yake , kawirikawiri ndi zaka 10 mpaka 15.
Kulimbana Kwambiri pakati pa Kutupa ndi Matenda
Ngakhale kuti ofufuza akulimbanabe ndi njira zomwe zimayambitsa zovutazi, maphunziro angapo adatithandiza kudziwa za mgwirizano pakati pa kutupa ndi matenda aakulu.
Mmodzi wa iwo anali Njira zothandizira kuyesa matenda a Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART), omwe anayerekezera zotsatira za kuchipatala koyambirira kochizira poyerekeza ndi chithandizo chochedwa. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe asayansi anapeza chinali chakuti, atayamba kuyambitsidwa mankhwala, zizindikiro zotupa m'magazi zimakana koma osati m'magulu omwe amapezeka mwa anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV. Kutentha kwadzidzidzi kunakhalabe ngakhale pamene matendawa anali atapindula , zomwe zinali zogwirizana ndi kuchulukitsa mitengo ya arteriosclerosis (kuuma kwa mitsempha) ndi matenda ena a mtima.
Phunziro lina lochokera ku yunivesite ya California, ku San Francisco, linasonyezanso kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa makoma ozungulira ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso maselo ofooketsa m'magazi awo. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi makoma ofooka komanso ochepa omwe amawotcha poyerekeza ndi omwe sagwirizana nawo, sanagwirizane ndi zowoneka ngati "zachibadwa".
Kutupa kwanthawi yaitali kunkawoneka kuti kumakhudza impso, ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwa fibrosis (scarring) ndi kufooka kwa impso, komanso chiwindi, ubongo, ndi ziwalo zina zamagulu.
Kupweteka Kwambiri ndi Moyo Wopitirira
Chifukwa cha kugwirizana pakati pa kutupa kosatha ndi matenda okalamba, kodi ndibwino kunena kuti chiyembekezo cha moyo chingakhudzidwe ndi anthu omwe ali ndi HIV?
Osati kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, tikudziwa kuti wazaka 20 yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angathe kuyembekezera kukhala ndi zaka 70, malinga ndi kafukufuku wochokera ku North American AIDS Cohort Cooperation on Research and Design (NA-ACCORD).
Pomwe zikunenedwa, moyo wautali ukhoza kufupikitsidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda omwe sali okhudza HIV. Kutupa ndi chithandizo chothandizira, monga momwe amachitira mankhwala , kuteteza kwa mavairasi , mbiri ya banja, ndi zosankha za moyo (kuphatikizapo kusuta , mowa, ndi zakudya).
Mfundo yosavuta ndi iyi: Kutupa kumagwirizanitsidwa mwanjira ina yochitira chinthu chilichonse choipa chimene chingachitike kwa matupi athu. Ndipo ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akukhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso akudwala matenda opatsirana kwambiri kuposa kale lonse, iwo ali ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha matenda a mtima komanso khansa zokhudzana ndi HIV kuposa anthu ambiri.
Poyamba chithandizo cham'mbuyo, kuchigwira nthawi zonse , ndi kukhala ndi moyo wokhudzidwa ndi thanzi labwino, zambiri mwaziopsezo zingathe kuchepetsedwa kapena kuthetsedwa. M'kupita kwanthawi, asayansi akuyembekeza kupititsa patsogolo zolingazi mwa kupeza njira zowonongolera chitetezo cha mthupi kuti bwino kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa nthawi yaitali kwa kutupa.
> Zotsatira:
> Deeks, S. Tracy, R. ndi Doeuk, D. "Zomwe Zimapangitsa Kuchepetsa Matenda pa Matenda a Edzi." Chitetezo chokwanira. March 17, 2013; 39 (4): 633-645.
> Crowell, T. Gebo, K. Blankson, J. et al. "Ziwerengero za Achipatala ndi Zifukwa za HIV ndi Odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV." Matenda opatsirana pogonana. December 15, 2014; lembani: 10.1093 / infdis / jiu809.
> Duprez, D. Neuhaus, J. Kuller, L. et al. "Kutupa, Kugawanika ndi Matenda a Mtima M'magawo Omwe Ali ndi HIV" PLOS One. September 10, 2012; DOI: 10/1371 / magazini.pone.0044454.
> Hogg, R. Althoff, K. Samji, H. et al. "Kutsegula kusiyana: Kuwonjezeka kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku United States ndi Canada, 2000-2007." 7th International AIDS Society (IAS) Msonkhano wa Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. June 30-July 3, 2013; Mfundo TUPE260.