Zotsatira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV
Ngakhale kuti zoopsa za kusuta zimadziwika bwino kwa aliyense amene ayatsa ndudu, ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Taganizirani, kuti, kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsa kutupa kosalekeza komwe kumatanthawuza kukhala apamwamba kuposa onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso osagonana ndi HIV. Tsopano yonjezerani kulemetsa kwa kusuta ndi zotsatira zake m'mapapu, mtima, ndi ziwalo zina za thupi, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuona kuti n'chifukwa chiyani ndudu zili lero zomwe zimathandizira kuti munthu azidwala kwambiri komanso kuti afe msanga anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-ngakhale omwe mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito antiretroviral .
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti izi zitheke kwambiri ndikuti kusuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV ku US ndiko kawiri kawiri kwa anthu ambiri. Ndipo ngakhale zifukwa zowonjezera izi, chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu ndi kulephera kuchiza HIV ngati gawo la chisamaliro chapadera.
Kawirikawiri kachilombo ka HIV kamasamalidwa pokhapokha, ndi odwala komanso madokotala nthawi zambiri amaika njira zina zonse zothandizira matendawa kumbali imodzi. Choncho mmalo mophatikiza kusuta fodya pambali pa chithandizo ndi kasamalidwe ka HIV, timayesetsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Sitingathe kuchita zimenezi. Masiku ano, kuphunzira pambuyo pofufuza kusonyeza kuti kusuta sikungowonjezera kuchepa kwa moyo kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda komanso matenda opatsirana.
1. Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ataya zaka zambiri kuti asuta fodya kuposa HIV
Mosasamala kanthu kuti muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV kapena ayi, kafufuzidwe kuchokera ku yunivesite ya Copenhagen yatsimikiza kuti kusuta monga chiopsezo chodziimira payekha kumakhudzana ndi imfa ya zaka zoposa 12.3 poyerekeza ndi osuta fodya.
Kafukufuku, omwe anaphatikizapo anthu 2,921 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi anthu 10,642 omwe alibe kachilomboka, adatsimikiziranso kuti kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amasuta fodya omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV kankaposa katatu kusiyana ndi anzawo omwe sali nawo.
Poyerekeza kusuta ndi osasuta omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kusiyana kwake kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
Malingana ndi kafukufukuyo, chiyembekezo cha moyo wamwamuna wazaka 35 yemwe amasuta ndi kachirombo ka HIV chinali 62.6 zaka poyerekeza ndi zaka 78.4 chifukwa chosakhala wosuta ndi HIV-kutaya kwa zaka zoposa 16.
2. Kusuta kumawonjezeka kwambiri kuopsa kwa khansa yanu ya khansa
Khansara ya Emphysema ndi m'mapapo yakhala ikugwirizanitsa ndi kusuta fodya, ndipo zotsatira zake pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV zimawoneka kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kuposa momwe zinkangoganizira kale.
Kuphunzira kwakukulu komwe bungwe la United States la Veteran's Affairs linayang'anitsitsa linayang'ana kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo pakati pa anthu 7,294 omwe amasuta ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi anthu 75,750 osuta popanda HIV. Mu kafukufuku wawo, ofufuza anapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'mapapo inali pafupifupi kawiri pa kusuta fodya la HIV poyerekeza ndi kusuta fodya, komanso kuti kudwala kwa khansa ya m'mapapo pakati pa osuta ndi kachilombo ka HIV kunakula kwambiri.
Chomwe chimapangitsa chiwerengerocho kukhala chochititsa mantha kwambiri chinali chakuti izi zikuwonjezeka mosasamala za chiwerengero cha CD4 cha munthu, chiwerengero cha mavairasi , mbiri ya matenda, kapena ngati munthuyo analibe mankhwala opatsirana pogonana .
Chiwerengero cha imfa pakati pa osuta ndi kachilombo ka HIV anali apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo ndi 10 peresenti ya chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa khansa ya mapapo poyerekeza ndi 40 peresenti ya osuta fodya.
3. Kuopsa Kwambiri Kwambiri Kwambiri Kukumana ndi Mtima Wanu Ndiponso Kukwapulidwa Kwapachikidwa
Kaya amasuta kapena ayi, matenda a mtima amakhala ovuta kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kalekale. Malinga ndi bungwe la US Veterans Administration, kusuta ngati chinthu chodziimira payekha kumakhudzidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kawiri pa chiopsezo cha mtima kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV poyerekezera ndi anthu ambiri.
Izi zikuwoneka kuti ndi zoona ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana (ART) , ndi kufufuza kwa 2016 ndi ofufuza a Massachusetts General Hospital omwe akuganiza kuti ART yekha sali okwanira kuchepetsa kutupa kwapamwamba kwa matenda a mtima.
Ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV komwe mumasuta, zotsatira zake zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zoopsa kawiri kawiri pa matenda a mtima kapena kupwetekedwa mtima poyerekeza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe sanasute fodya.
Izi sizikutanthawuza, komabe, kuti zinthu sizingakhoze kutembenuzidwira. Phunziro lomweli lawonetsa kuti posiya ndudu, chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima chimagwa pafupifupi theka mkati mwa zaka zitatu.
4. Osuta fodya ndi osasamala
Khansara ya chiberekero, khansara yowopsa kwambiri ya chiberekero (ICC) , yakhala ikudziwika kuti ndi matenda a Edzi ndi Centers for Disease Control and Infection. Mofananamo, khansara ya ana , yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonekera kwa anthu ambiri, imapezeka pamadera okwera kwambiri pakati pa amuna omwe ali ndi HIV omwe amagonana ndi amuna (MSM) .
Papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) imayanjanitsidwa ndi khansa zonsezi, ndi mavuto enaake omwe amachititsa kuti chitukuko chisanafike, chomwe chimapititsa patsogolo ku ICC ndi zilonda zam'thupi.
Sikuti kusuta kumawoneka ngati kusinthasintha njira yachilengedwe ya HPV ndikuonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa onsewa, kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa khansa imeneyi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-powonjezeka kwambiri pangozi ya kanseri ya chiberekero mwa amayi komanso kuchulukitsa ka 40 pangozi ya khansa ya khansa ku MSM poyerekeza ndi anthu ambiri a US.
Komanso, chiopsezo chokhala ndi HPV chachizindikiro (mwachitsanzo, ziphuphu za ana, zisanafike khansa) zikuwoneka kuti zawonjezeka ndi kusuta kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV. Phunziro la 2013 kuchokera kwa ofufuza a pa yunivesite ya Washington ku Seattle lapanga kuti pangakhale kuchuluka kwawonjezeka kwa HPV kupezeka pakati pa MSM omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe amasuta ndi MSM yemwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV.
5. Kusuta Kumapangitsa Kuopsa kwa Kupatsira HIV kwa Mwana Wanu
Zonse m'mayiko otukuka ndi akutukuka, njira zothandizira zachipatala pofuna kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV kwa amayi kupita kwa mwana (PMTCT) zakhala zikugwira ntchito kwambiri.
Ku US, chiŵerengerochi chagwera pafupifupi 100 zatsopano pachaka, ngakhale ngakhale ku South Africa-dziko lomwe liri ndi kachilombo ka HIV padziko lonse lapansi-takhala tikuwona kuti chiŵerengero cha chiŵerengero chachepa kuchokera pa 30 peresenti isanachitike kuyambira kwa PMTCT mu 2001 mpaka 2,7 peresenti pofika mu 2010.
Komabe, kupambana kumene kumawoneka pa chiwerengero cha anthu sikutanthauza zomwe zimachitika payekha ngati amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV amasuta. Kafufuzidwe kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi ofufuza a azimayi a amayi ndi ana aang'ono (kuphunzira kwa zaka zinayi ku Brooklyn ndi Bronx, New York) adafufuzira momwe kusuta fodya kumatanthawuzira ma ARV.
Chimene iwo adapeza chinali chakuti amayi omwe ali ndi HIV omwe adasuta fodya atatha zaka zitatu akuwonjezeka pa chiopsezo chotumiza kachilombo ka HIV kwa ana awo poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe samasuta pambuyo pa trimester yoyamba.
Kuwonjezera uku kunayanjanitsidwa ndi kupweteka koyamba kwa memphanes. Makamaka amayi omwe sanayambe kulandira kachirombo ka HIV asanayambe kubereka (kapena alibe chiwerengero cha mavairasi opatsirana mokwanira pamene akuchiritsidwa), kupweteka kotereku kungapangitse kuti pakhale mwayi wofalitsa mwana wosabadwa.
Zotsatira:
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Sigel, K.; Wisnivesky, J .; Justice, A .; et al. "Kutenga kachilombo ka HIV Ndiko Kowopsa Kwambiri kwa Khansa Yam'mimba." Msonkhano wa 17 pa ma retroviruses ndi matenda opatsirana (CROI 2010). San Francisco; February 16-19, 2010: Zosintha 30.
Petoumenos, K .; Zowawa, S .; Bwerani, P .; et al. "Kuchuluka kwa matenda a mtima pambuyo pa kusuta fodya kwa odwala omwe ali ndi HIV: zotsatira za D: A: D kuphunzira (*)." HIV Mankhwala. August 2011; 12 (7): 214-421.
Minkoff, H ;; Feldman, G ;; Wovuta, H .; et al. "Kugwirizana pakati pa Kusuta ndi Mankhwala a Papillomavirus Amuna Omwe Ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi Opanda HIV." Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2004; 189 (10): 1821-1828.
Kutentha, D .; Landesman, S .; Muenz, L .; et al. Kusuta Fodya, Kutentha Kwambiri Kumayambiriro, ndi Kuwunika Kwambiri kwa HIV-1 Pakati pa Akazi Osauka a CD4 +. " Journal of Immacular Immune Deficiency Syndrome. July 1994; 7 (7); kusindikiza pa intaneti.