Kumvetsetsa Thupi Lachisanu ndi Chitatu
Chiwalo cha gulu ndi gulu la ziwalo zomwe zimagwirira ntchito palimodzi kuti zizigwira ntchito yovuta. Pali ziwalo zisanu ndi zitatu za thupi m'thupi la munthu. Zonsezi zimafunikira kupulumuka, kaya za munthu kapena zamoyo.
Circulatory System
Njira yoyendayenda ikuphatikizapo mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi (mitsempha ndi mitsempha), komanso magazi omwe. Njira yoyendetsa magazi imatumiza zakudya zowonjezera mpweya kumbali zonse za thupi ndipo zimatulutsa mankhwala a metabolism.
Kuti magazi apange paliponse kuti ayende, dongosolo lozungulira limayendetsa magazi m'magawo ena. Kupsyinjika kwa magazi komwe kumakhala kwakukulu kumathetsa nkhawa pa ziwalo zina ndi ziphuphu zina. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumatanthawuza magazi-ndi zakudya zake-simungapange kumene kuli kofunika kupita. Kuthamanga kwa magazi kukupha pang'onopang'ono pamene kutsika kwa magazi kungakuphe mwamsanga.
Njira Yopuma
Njira yopuma imaphatikizapo mapapo, trachea (windpipe) ndi njira zonse za mpweya wopuma. Ndili ndi udindo wopuma , womwe umayenda mozungulira thupi ndi kunja kwa thupi (mpweya wabwino) komanso kuyenda kwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide mkati ndi mwazi (kupuma).
Imodzi mwa maudindo osamvetsetseka a dongosolo la kupuma ndi kuthandiza kuthandizira kuti thupi likhale pH. Mpweya woipa umapangidwanso kukhala carbonic acid, yomwe mpweya umatha kupyolera mu carbon dioxide.
Pamene wodwalayo ali ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza thupi la acidity, mlingo wa kupuma ndi kuya kumakhala chizindikiro cha vuto.
Ndondomeko Yokwanira
Ndondomeko yotchedwa Integumentary system ndi khungu, lomwe limaphatikizapo glands lonse la thukuta, maonekedwe a tsitsi ndi mitsempha yambiri. Ndondomekoyi ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa ndiyo yokha yogwirizana.
Khungu ndi ziwalo zonse komanso ziwalo zonse.
Njira ya Endocrine
Chipangizo cha endocrine chimaphatikizapo ma glands onse omwe mahomoni obisika mumagazi. Anthu ambiri amapeza dongosolo la endocrine ndi dongosolo lamanjenje monga machitidwe awiri ovuta kwambiri m'thupi.
Njira yotchedwa endocrine imayendetsa kwambiri kagayidwe kake ndipo imagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a chimbudzi.
Matenda a m'mimba
Matenda a m'mimba amadziwika bwino ngati matumbo, omwe ali ndi ziwalo zonse zomwe zimanyamula zakudya kuchokera kumene zimalowa kumene zimatuluka. Mimba, m'mimba ndi m'matumbo zonse ndi mbali ya m'mimba. Pali kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa maimimba a m'mimba (nthawi zambiri amatchedwa GI thirakiti) ndi dongosolo la endocrine.
Matenda a m'mimba amachitanso chidwi ndi mitsempha yofunika kwambiri yotchedwa vagus nerve. Izi ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamu yamanjenje ikhale yovuta kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi, kutsika kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso kulimbikitsa makina a chimbudzi.
Musculoskeletal System
Izi ndi mafupa ndi minofu yonse, matope ndi mitsempha yomwe ili pambali pake. Minofu ya minofu imapanga chimangidwe ndi injini kuti tiyendetse, kuyima ndi kukolola.
Pali mitundu itatu ya minofu m'thupi: imayesedwa (chigoba kapena mwaufulu), yosalala (yovuta kapena yosavomerezeka) ndi ya mtima (minofu ya mtima). Minofu yokhayokhayo imakhala mu dongosolo la minofu.
Nervous system
Ndondomeko ya mitsempha imaphatikizapo ubongo ndi msana, kuphatikizapo mitsempha yonse yogwirizana ndi ziwalo zonsezi. Ndondomeko ya mitsempha imamveka bwino kwambiri ndipo ikuphatikizapo minofu yokha yomwe siidyidyetsedwa mwachindunji kudzera mwa kukhudzana ndi magazi.
Njira zoberekera
Njira yoberekera ndiyo njira yokha yomwe imagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Hafu ya ife tiri ndi mbolo ndi mapiritsi pamene theka lina liri ndi chiberekero, chiberekero ndi mazira.
Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe ilibe thupi lonselo ndi dongosolo lokha limene limafuna munthu wina kuti amalize ntchito yake.