Kotero Mukufuna Kukhala Dokotala? Nazi zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera
Ntchito Yachipatala - Mwachidule:
Dokotala, kapena dokotala, amatsogolera gulu la chisamaliro lachipatala, kuchiza odwala monga wopereka chithandizo chamankhwala wamkulu. Kupeza dokotala ndi kuchiza matenda ndi zochitika, komanso kupereka mankhwala m'njira zambiri monga mankhwala, njira, opaleshoni, kapena mankhwala. Dokotala amayenera udindo waukulu wothandizira chithandizo chamankhwala kuchokera kuchiyambi mpaka kumapeto, kufufuza zizindikiro za wodwalayo ndi zochitika zake, ndi kusamalira chisamaliro chake ndi zotsatira zabwino ndikuchira.
Madokotala ena amapereka chithandizo chodziletsa, chokhazikika, kapena kusamalira zinthu zofunika kwambiri monga matenda a shuga kapena shuga. Madokotala ena ndi apadera kwambiri, ndipo amachiza anthu ena okhawo odwala, (monga ana kapena madokotala), kapena machitidwe ena a thupi, mozama kwambiri.
Maphunziro Akufunika Kukhala Dokotala:
Zofuna kukhala dokotala ndizokwanira komanso nthawi yowonjezera poyerekezera ndi ntchito zina zambiri. Maphunziro ndi njira yophunzitsira imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe adokotala angakonde kuchita. Komabe, madokotala onse ayenera kuti amalize digiri ya zaka zapamwamba kuchokera ku koleji kapena ku yunivesite ya zaka zinayi, kuphatikizapo zaka zinayi zina za sukulu yapamwamba pa sukulu yachipatala yovomerezeka. Maphunziro a sukulu ya zachipatala amafunika kupeza dokotala wa digiti (MD), kapena Dokotala wa Osteopathic Medicine degree (DO) pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mumamaliza.
Sukulu iliyonse ya zamankhwala ku United States imapereka njira imodzi ya mankhwala - Allopathic (MD) kapena Osteopathic (DO). Pofika m'chaka cha 2016, pafupifupi mmodzi mwa ophunzira asanu a zachipatala ku United States akuphunzira kuti akhale dokotala wa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (DO).
Maphunziro a Zamankhwala kwa Amankhwala:
Pambuyo pa Sukulu ya Zamankhwala, dokotala amapita kuntchito yophunzitsa anthu kuti azikhala komweko .
Achipatala amafanana ndi malo omwe amakhala nawo popitiliza kuyankhulana ndi mapulogalamu ambiri omwe amakhalapo, pambuyo pake dokotala aliyense amasunga mapulogalamu ake omwe amamukonda, ndipo mapulogalamuwa amawunikira omwe akufuna. Maofesiwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makompyuta omwe amafanana ndi odwala omwe ali nawo pa pulogalamuyi yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri pamagwirizano, kudzera mu ndondomeko yowonjezereka ndi malo omwe adakwaniritsidwe ndi pulogalamu iliyonse ndi oyenerera.
Mapulogalamu ambiri okhala kumapeto amatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo nthawi zina chaka choyamba cha malo okhala amakhala otchedwa Chaka Chamkati. Panthawi yophunzitsira anthu, a dokotala amaphunzira zothandizira odwala, pamene akuyang'anitsitsa madokotala odziwa bwino ntchito. Anthu akukhala ndi malipiro aang'ono kuti apeze ndalama zofunika pamoyo. (Kawirikawiri pafupifupi $ 40,000 - $ 50,000 pachaka.) Pambuyo pokhala alendo, akatswiri ena amatha kupita ku zaka zina zitatu za maphunziro a Fellowship.
Ndondomeko ndi Tsiku Loyamba la Ntchito kwa Asayansi:
Ndondomeko zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mankhwala dokotala . Madokotala ambiri amagwira ntchito maola 50-60 + pa sabata. Tsiku lililonse m'moyo wa dokotala nthawi zambiri limaphatikizapo maola asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi atatu akuwona odwala pa malo ofotokozera ofesi, kuphatikizapo maola 1-2 akuzungulira odwala kuchipatala.
Malinga ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni omwe amachititsa, madokotala ochita opaleshoni amagwira ntchito masiku osachepera 2-3 mu chipinda chochita opaleshoni kuchipatala ndikuchita opaleshoni, ndipo amatha masiku otsala ku ofesi ya zachipatala yopititsa patsogolo maofesi kapena maofesi opita kuchipatala. Kuonjezera apo, dokotala adzagwiritsanso ntchito nthawi yokwaniritsa ntchito zoyang'anira monga kukonzanso zolembera za odwala, kubwereza foni, kapena kusamalira nkhani zosiyanasiyana za ofesi.
Avereji Malipiro a Madokotala / Malipiro:
Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiriro zambiri, madokotala ambiri sali antchito a zipatala kapena zipatala. Madokotala ambiri ali pambali pawokha, mwina kukhala ndi machitidwe awoawo kapena mu bizinesi yogwirizana ndi madokotala ena.
Choncho, kuchuluka kwa dokotala komwe amapeza kumadalira zinthu zambiri monga vesi la odwala, ogulitsa inshuwalansi a odwalawo, ndi zina zomwe tifunika kuzifufuza mozama mozama.
Poganizira zonsezi, madokotala akhoza kupeza ndalama zapachaka pafupifupi $ 150,000 - $ 250,000 kwa dokotala wa Family Medicine kapena mankhwala apakati, mpaka madola 500,000 pachaka kwa akatswiri kapena akatswiri apadera.
Maluso Ofunika:
Dokotala ndi gawo lofufuzira, wothandizira, ndi wasayansi wina. Madokotala ayenera kukhala ndi chidziwitso cholimba cha masamu ndi sayansi, zamagetsi ndi biology, ndipo athe kusanthula zambiri ndi kuthetsa mavuto. Komanso, madokotala ambiri ayenera kuwonetsera luso labwino kuti azitha kuyankhulana bwino ndi odwala komanso mabanja awo.
Madokotala ayenera kukhala okhoza kuganiza mofulumira, ndikupanga zisankho zolakwika molondola komanso moyenera. Ngati dokotala akufuna kuti azichita ntchito yake payekha ndikukhala ndi bizinesi yake, zingakhale zothandiza kuti mumvetsetse bwino mfundo za bizinesi komanso zoyendetsera ndalama .
Malamulo ndi Zopereka:
Madokotala ayenera kumaliza mayeso atatu omwe amatchedwa USMLE kuti apange mankhwala ku United States. Kuonjezera apo, chilolezo cha boma chiyenera kupezeka mu boma komwe madokotala akukonzekera. Zomwe boma limapereka zimakhala zosiyana koma zambiri zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito komanso malipiro ochepa, pamene zina zimafuna kuyesedwa.
Kuwonjezera pa kupeza malayisensi oyenerera, madokotala ayenera kupeza Dipatimenti ya Bungwe muzofunikira zachipatala zoyenera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukwaniritsa ndi kupititsa mayesero, ambiri omwe ali mbali ziwiri, malingana ndi zapadera.
Madokotala omwe amachokera ku mayiko ena kukagwira ntchito ku US ayenera kukwaniritsa ndondomeko ya ECFMG - (Komiti ya Maphunziro kwa Ophunzira Achipatala Achilendo). Njirayi ikuphatikiza kumaliza mapepala kuti atsimikizidwe kumaliza sukulu ya zachipatala ndi digiri, komanso kuyesa kutsimikizira chilankhulo ndi chidziwitso cha zamankhwala.