Kumvetsetsa udindo wa bungwe la boma la US kuteteza thanzi labwino
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda ndi Kupewa Matenda (CDC) ndi bungwe la zaumoyo la boma la US ku Atlanta, Georgia, omwe ntchito yake ndikuteteza thanzi la anthu ndi kuteteza matenda.
CDC imagwera pansi pa Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ku United States (Health Department and Human Services) (DHHS) ndipo kuwonjezera pa matenda opatsirana, amapanga kufufuza kwakukulu pazochitika zomwe sizili ndi matenda monga kutaya kwambiri, kusuta, ndi shuga.
Mbiri Yachidule ya CDC
Mu 1946, CDC (yomwe inkadziwika kuti Communicable Diseases Center) inakhazikitsidwa mwachindunji kumayang'aniridwa ndi mayiko a padziko lonse pankhani ya kuthetsa malungo, komanso nthawi imene asayansi akuyamba kuona kukanika kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zinasankhidwa kukhazikitsa bungwe ku Atlanta, dera la US lomwe malaria ankawoneka kukhala lokhazikika.
Pambuyo pa ziwalo zingapo, bungwelo linatchedwanso Centers for Control Disease Control mu 1980, kenako Congress ya US inagwirizanitsa mawu akuti "ndi Kupewa" chakumapeto kwa 1992.
Masiku ano, CDC imagwiritsa ntchito madokotala opitirira 15,000, ofufuza, olamulira, olemba masewera komanso odziwa ntchito kuti athe kuthandiza ku Atlanta, komanso maofesi ndi ogwira ntchito m'mayiko 54 padziko lonse lapansi. CDC imadziwikanso kuti ili ndi mabungwe 57 okha a Biosafety Level 4 omwe ali padziko lapansi, omwe amatha kukhala ndi matenda omwe amawopsa kwambiri omwe alibe mankhwala kapena katemera.
Dr. Thomas R. Friedan anasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa 16 wa CDC ndi Pulezidenti Barack Obama pa May 15, 2009.
CDC ndi AIDS Edzi
Mu 1981, CDC inanena za matenda asanu a pneumocystis carinii chibayo (PCP) omwe anachitika pakati pa amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku Los Angeles, ndipo anali mmodzi mwa anthu oyamba kukayikira ngati milandu imeneyi inakhalapo chifukwa chosowa chitetezo cha mthupi.
Zowonjezereka za PCP, Kaposi sarcoma , ndi matenda ena opatsirana (OIs) zinachititsa CDC kukhazikitsa Task Force kuti iwonetse matenda a matenda omwe nthawi imeneyo ankadziwika kuti GRID (kapena kuchepa kwa chidziwitso cha amuna) ndipo adadzatchedwanso kachilombo ka HIV ( kachilombo ka immunodeficiency virus) .
Poyang'ana kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo, CDC inakhazikitsa tanthauzo la matendawa, zomwe zikuphatikizapo
- KS biopsy mwa anthu osapitirira zaka 60, kapena zina zotsimikizirika kuopseza moyo kapena kupha OIs, ndi
- palibe matenda omwe amadziwika kapena mbiri ya chithandizo cha immunosuppressive (monga khansa).
Izi zikhoza kukhala maziko a chikhalidwe chomwe chidzadziwika kuti ndi AIDS . Kusintha kwachaka cha 1985, 1987 ndi 1993 kudzawonjezeranso mndandandawu kuti ukhale ndi zinthu zomwe zikufotokozedwa kuti ndi AIDS .
CDC, pamodzi ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ndi National Institutes of Health (NIH), idapereka malangizo awo oyamba opititsa chitetezo mu 1983. Pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatira, CDC idzamasula makope pafupifupi 50 a ndondomeko ndi malangizo chifukwa chisamaliro ndi kuteteza kachilombo ka HIV ndi ntchito yomwe ikupitiriza kutumikira pamodzi ndi World Health Organization (WHO), US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), ndi ena.
Mu 1985, CDC inakonza msonkhano woyamba wa Edzi ku Atlanta monga matenda opatsirana kachirombo ka HIV adayamba kufotokozedwa m'madera ena a Central ndi Southern Africa. Masiku ano, CDC ikupitirizabe kugwira nawo ntchito yaikulu padziko lonse pakupereka zofufuza zambiri za matenda a Edzi ndi padziko lonse.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, CDC imagwira ntchito monga bungwe la zamakono m'malo mwa Pulezidenti wa US Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) , pamodzi ndi mabungwe ena monga US Agency for International Development (USAID). Pachifukwa ichi, CDC ili ndi udindo woyang'anira, kuyang'anira, ndi kuyesa ndondomeko za HIV / AIDS zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi PEPFAR m'mayiko oposa 75.
Mu 2011, CDC inatsutsidwa ndi DHHS Ofesi ya Inspector General (OIG) chifukwa cha kulephera ndikuperekera ndalama zothandizira ndalama 30 za PEPFAR.
Zotsatira:
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). Zochitika Zakale Zakale Mbiri ya CDC. " Kuipa ndi Kufa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). June 28, 1996; 45 (25); 526-530.
Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "CDC Laboratories: Kumene amapezako mankhwala amatsenga." Morbidity ndi Atlanta, Georgia; yomaliza adawonanso March 19, 2014; Kupezeka pa intaneti pa April 7, 2014.
Curran, J. ndi Jaffe, H. "Edzi: Zaka Zakale ndi Kuyankha kwa CDC." Kuipa ndi Kufa Sabata Lamlungu (MMWR). October, 7, 2011; 60 (04); 64-69.
Ofesi ya Inspector General (OIG). "Kubwereza kwa Zomwe Zidzakhala Zosamalira Kudzitetezera ndi Kuteteza Matenda a Pulezidenti wa Pulezidenti Wowononga Matenda a Edzi kwa Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka 2007 Kupyolera mu 2009 (A-04-10-04006). US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Washington, DC; June 15, 2011.