Ndondomeko Yothandizira Ndalama za UN-Zomwe Zilikulu Kulimbana ndi Edzi
Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria (zomwe zimatchedwanso "The Global Fund"), kapena "Fund") ndi bungwe la zaumoyo padziko lonse lomwe limakopa ndi kutaya chuma kuti athetse ndi kuchiza HIV , chifuwa chachikulu ndi malungo. - kumayiko omwe amapindula nawo.
Mbiri ya Global Fund
Kuchokera ku Geneva, The Global Fund inakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 patatha pafupifupi zaka ziwiri zokambirana ndi zokambirana pakati pa anthu okhudzidwa kwambiri-kuphatikizapo mabungwe osiyanasiyana, mabungwe omwe si a boma (NGOs), mayiko a G8, ndi mayiko omwe si a G8.
Mlembi wa bungwe la United Nations, Kofi Annan, anapereka ndalama zoyamba ku Thumba kumbuyo kwa chaka cha 2001, motsogozedwa ndi Komiti ya Olimpiki yomwe inafanana ndi ndalama za Annan zokwana madola 100,000. Posakhalitsa, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation inapereka ndalama zokwana madola 100 miliyoni, ndipo US, Japan, ndi Britain aliyense analonjeza madola 200 miliyoni pa ndalama zoyamba.
Ngakhale ndalama zokwana madola 1.9 biliyoni zomwe zinalonjezedwa panthaŵi ya Chiwongoladzanja-ndalama zochepa zokwana madola 7 mpaka $ 10 miliyoni zokonzedwanso ndi kudzipereka kwa Annan ku mayiko otukuka zinapangitsa kuti pakhale chithandizo chofulumira. Pakafika chaka cha 2013, adakweza $ 28 biliyoni, ndipo US akupereka $ 8.5 biliyoni.
Pakati pa opereka ndalama, Gates Foundation, (PRODUCT) RED ndi Chevron lero ndizimene zimapereka ndalama zoposa $ 1,25 biliyoni, $ 219 miliyoni ndi $ 55 miliyoni.
Kuwonjezeredwa kwachinayi kwa The Global Fund ya 2014-2016 yowonjezera malonjezano a $ 12.5 biliyoni-kuwonjezeka kwa 30% pa 2011-2013, koma ndalama zochepa zokwana madola 15 biliyoni (kapena $ 27 biliyoni zomwe ziwerengero za UN zikufunika chaka chilichonse) kulimbana ndi Edzi yekha).
Momwe Mgwirizano wa Dziko Lonse Ukugwirira Ntchito
Global Fund imakhala ngati njira yothandizira ndalama osati monga bungwe loyendetsera ntchito (mosiyana ndi PEPFAR, yomwe yakhala ikugwirizana ndi ntchito za HIV / AIDS kudutsa njira zambiri za US).
Global Fund Board-yomwe ili ndi mayiko omwe amapereka ndalama komanso omwe akulandila, komanso mabungwe apadera ndi azinthu zosiyanasiyana-ali ndi udindo wokonza ndondomeko, kufotokoza njira, ndikukhazikitsira ndondomeko ya ndalama ndi bajeti.
Mapulogalamu akutsatiridwa mudziko lirilonse lolandiridwa ndi komiti ya anthu ogwira nawo ntchito omwe akukhala nawo omwe amachititsa zomwe zimatchedwa Njira Yogwirizanitsa Dziko (CCM). Bungwe la Global Fund Secretariat liri ndi udindo wopereka chilolezo ndi kupereka ndalama kwa CCM, komanso kuyang'anira ndi kuyesa momwe ntchito ikuyendera.
Zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira ndipo zimaperekedwa kwa Wophunzira Wamkulu (PR) wotchulidwa ndi CCM. Ogulitsa Mabungwe a M'deralo (LFAs) ali ndi mgwirizano wa dera kuti ayang'anire ndikubwezeretsanso ntchito zapadera.
Malinga ndi izi, Ubatizo ukhoza kusankha ngati kutulutsa, kubwezeretsa, kukana kapena kusiya ndalama ku CCM. Mipingo imavomerezedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba ya zaka ziwiri ndikukonzedwanso kwa atatu, ndipo ndalama zinagawanika miyezi itatu ndi itatu iliyonse.
Zochita ndi Mavuto
Global Fund ikuthandiza pulogalamu m'mayiko oposa 140 ndipo pamodzi ndi PEPFAR, ndi imodzi mwa mabungwe apadziko lonse omwe amapereka ndalama zothandizira HIV ndi mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi.
Pakati pa zomwe adachita, bungwe la Fund likuyesa kuika anthu oposa 6.1 miliyoni omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV pa ma antiretroviral (ARV), kuchiza anthu 11.2 miliyoni omwe ali ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, ndikugawira nsomba zowonjezereka zokwana 360 miliyoni pofuna kupewa malaria.
Chifukwa cha mapulogalamuwa ndi ena, maiko opatsirana padziko lonse apitirira 25% kuchokera mu 2003, pamene chiwerengero cha ana omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV kakhala kakang'ono kwambiri panthawi yomweyi.
Ngakhale zili choncho, bungwe la UNAIDS likunena kuti ma ARV ali ndi 34% padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo pafupifupi anthu 28 miliyoni akufunikirabe chithandizo. Komanso, monga matenda atsopano ndi imfa zokhudzana ndi Edzi zikupitirizabe kuchepa, anthu ambiri amafunika kuikidwa pa ARV nthawi zonse, ndikukwaniritsa bajeti yowonjezera kale.
Poyankha mavutowa, The Global Fund inapereka ndondomeko yofunikira mu 2012 kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezereka zomwe zidzakonzedwe pazinthu zowonongeka, zowonongeka komanso zotsitsimula za ndalama.
Mikangano ndi Kutsutsa
Ngakhale kuti bungwe la Global Fund la "mphamvu" likuyesa kuchepetsa kayendetsedwe ka boma ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa mapulogalamu m'mayiko olandirako, ena adatsutsa bungweli chifukwa cholephera kuletsa chiphuphu ndi kuwononga ndalama ndi CCM zingapo zomwe zimatsutsana.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2002, The Global Fund inapatsa £ 48 miliyoni kuti iwonetsere pulojekiti ku KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Cholinga chake chinali kulipira pulojekitiyo mwakhama pofuna kuyesa boma la Pulezidenti Thabo Mbeki , yemwe adalengeza mobwerezabwereza kuti ma antiretroviral ali oopsa kuposa HIV. Pomalizira pake, The Global Fund inapereka ndalama ku boma la Mbeki-CCM yomwe inasankhidwa-ngakhale kulimbikitsidwa kwa Mbeki ndi mtumiki wake wa zaumoyo kuti alepheretse kupezeka kwa ma ARV kwa amayi apakati.
Kenaka mu 2011, Associated Press (AP) inanena kuti ndalama zokwana madola 34 miliyoni zinasokonekera ku ziphuphu, ndipo ziwawa zikuyenda mpaka Mali, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Philippines ndi Ukraine. Pofufuza, bungwe la UN Development Fund (UNDP) linayesa kuletsa bungwe la Global Fund woyang'anira oyendetsa polojekiti kuti apeze kafukufuku wamkati m'mayiko ena 20, akudandaula kuti anthu amatsutsana.
(Powonjezeredwa ku Washington Post, wolemba nkhani wina dzina lake Michael Gerson anakana kuti AP imanena kuti ndalama zowonongeka zinkaimira magawo awiri pa atatu alionse a 1% mwa ndalama zonse zomwe zimagawidwa ndi The Global Fund.)
M'chaka chomwecho, Fomuyo inakakamizika kuchotsa chigawo cha khumi ndi chimodzi cha ndalama zotsitsimula chifukwa cha malonjezano osakwanira kapena ochedwa ndi mayiko opereka ndalama. Ndipotu, mayiko angapo, kuphatikizapo Germany ndi Sweden, adaletsa zopereka chifukwa cha zonena za "zinyalala, chinyengo ndi uphungu," pamene mabungwe angapo adayankha kuti asiye Mtsogoleri Wachikulire wa Fund, Michel Kazatchkine.
Pambuyo pazifukwazi ndi zina, The Global Fund Board inavomereza kuti asiye Kazatchkine m'chaka cha 2012 ndipo ikuyendetsa kusintha komweku kwachitukuko-kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito mwakhama, pomwe akugogomezera kwambiri mawu ake, " mayiko okhudzidwa kwambiri, machitidwe ndi anthu. "
Dr. Mark R. Dybul, yemwe kale anali mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse la US ku PEPFAR, adasankhidwa kukhala Mtsogoleri Wamkulu mu November 2012.
Zotsatira:
Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria. "Global Fund Year Report 2012." Geneva, Switzerland; ISBN: 978-92-9224-380-7.
Agence France-Presse. "UN-AIDS: Uganda inasankhidwa kutsogolera kukhazikitsa bungwe la UN AID Fund." July 31, 2001.
Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria. "Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, chifuwa chachikulu ndi malungo - Malonjezo." Geneva, Switzerland.
McNeil, D. "$ 12 Biliyoni akulonjezedwa kulimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria." The New York Times. 3 December 2013.
Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria. "Global Fund Results Yasonyezerani Makhalidwe Olimba." Geneva, Switzerland. Nkhani yofalitsa yosindikizidwa ya 27 November 2013.
Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria. "Global Fund Strategy 2012-2016: Kugulitsa Zotsatira." Geneva, Switzerland;
McGreal, C. "Mtsogoleri wa Mbeki akuukira bungwe la UN" Aids grant ". The Guardian. July 22, 2002.
Associated Press (AP). "Nkhanza zachinyengo padziko lonse zachuma." The Guardian. January 23, 2011.
Gerson, M. "Kuyika chinyengo mu ndalama zonse padziko lonse lapansi." The Washington Post. February 4, 2011.
AIDS Healthcare Fund (AHF). "AHF: Mutu wa Global Fund Uyenera Kudzitsimikizira Kuti Chiwongoladzanja Chakudziwika." Reuters. Cholengeza munkhani; September 20, 2011.
Global Fund yolimbana ndi Edzi, TB ndi Malaria. "Mphindi 20 Msonkhano Msonkhano wa Bokosi la makumi asanu ndi awiri." Accra, Ghana; November 21-22, 2011.