Zotsatira za zovuta zapakati pa zaka ziwiri zomwe zimaphunzitsidwa
Kafukufuku ambiri asonyeza kuti anthu omwe amawopa kapena sangathe kufotokoza za kachilombo ka HIV amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chodzipatula. Izi zikhoza kuchititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusunga njira zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisawonongeke, makamaka ngati mankhwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kutengedwa mwamseri.
Chifukwa cha nzeru, anthu amalephera kufotokoza kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angakhale pachiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda komanso imfa kusiyana ndi omwe amachita.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, asayansi ayamba kuyesa kuganiza kotero ndipo atha kuganiza mochititsa chidwi.
Mitengo ya Osadziwika
Phunziro la zaka ziwiri, lochitidwa ndi Antiretrovirals ku London, Sexual Transmission Risk, ndi Ganizo la Aitudes (ASTRA), adalandira amuna ndi akazi 3,258 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV muzipatala zisanu ndi zitatu ku UK. Ophunzirawo anali ndi akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha , amuna ogonana ndi amuna (MSM) , amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, onse omwe anayesedwa kuyambira 2009 mpaka 2011.
Ophunzirawo anafunsidwa kuti adziwe ngati adalongosola udindo wawo kukhala "wina," "ena," kapena "ambiri" kapena kuti onse "ozungulira. Kuwululidwa kwa ogonana omwe sagwirizane nawo sanagwirizanepo.
Zowonongeka, MSM yapezeka kuti ndi yotheka kufotokoza zaumoyo wawo wa HIV ndi zisanu okha peresenti kuti asaululire aliyense. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, 16 peresenti ya akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso 17 peresenti ya amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sanaulule.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kunayikidwa makamaka ndi malingaliro akuti "chilango cha chikhalidwe" chodziwidwira m'mudzi wa MSM chakhala chochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi magulu ena.
Zonsezi, ochita kafukufuku adatha kudziwa zotsatirazi:
| Kufotokozedwa ku | Amuna Amene Ali Kugonana ndi Amuna (MSM) | Amuna amodzi Akazi | Amuna amodzi Amuna |
| Palibe | 5% | 16% | 17% |
| Palibe Banja | 40% | 33% | 39% |
| Palibe Amzanga | 14% | 43% | 56% |
| Palibe Ogwira Ntchito Pamodzi | 54% | 84% | 84% |
| Banja lina | 32% | 44% | 47% |
| Anzanga Ena | 56% | 38% | 50% |
| Ena Ogwira Ntchito Pamodzi | 39% | 13% | 14% |
| Ambiri kapena Onse Banja | 27% | 20% | 17% |
| Ambiri kapena Mabwenzi Onse | 30% | 8% | 17% |
| Ambiri kapena Ogwira Ntchito Onse | 6% | 3% | 2% |
N'zosadabwitsa kuti osadziwulula kwa mwamuna kapena mzake wokhala ndi chibwenzi ndiye kuti anali okwera kwambiri pakati pa akazi okwatirana okhaokha (13 peresenti), amatsatiridwa ndi amuna ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (10.9 peresenti) ndi MSM (4,9 peresenti).
Kulephera mphamvu kwa amayi, chiopsezo cha chiwawa, kusiyana kwachuma, ndi kusiyana kwa kusiyana kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi zina mwazifukwa zomwe pafupifupi amayi asanu ndi awiri (7) mwa amayi asanu ndi awiri (7) aliwonse adalephera kufotokozedwa.
Kusalongosola ndi Zotsatira Zaumoyo
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsa chidziwitso cha ophunzira onse, ochita kafukufukuwo adasankha zinthu monga zaka, mtundu, chipembedzo, malo ochiza chithandizo, chithandizo cha chithandizo chaumphawi, komanso moyo wa munthu pa nthawi ya matenda.
Izi zidafananitsidwa ndi chithandizo ndi thanzi la womaliza nawo kumapeto kwa mayesero a zaka ziwiri, kuphatikizapo:
- Mlingo wa kumatira mankhwala
- Mlingo wa kuthetsa mavairasi (monga kuyesedwa ndi chiwerengero cha tizilombo )
- Kusokonezeka maganizo ndi nkhawa
Chimene afufuzawo adapeza chinali chakuti kusadziwulula, mwa iwoeni, kunalibe mphamvu pazinthu izi ndi kuti anthu omwe sanasankhe kusonyeza kuti anali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha thanzi labwino kuposa omwe adatero.
Chimene iwo apeza chinali chakuti thanzi labwino linkakhudzana ndi zinthu zina kuphatikizapo ukalamba, mafuko akuda , kachilombo ka HIV kameneka, komanso osakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Pakati pa MSM, kukhala ndi chiyanjano ndi chipembedzo kunayanjananso ndi thanzi labwino.
Mawu Ochokera
Ngakhale zotsatira zikhoza kusonyeza kuti kufotokozera kachilombo ka HIV sikuli kofunika kwambiri-kuti mutha kuchita bwino ngati mukuwulula udindo wanu kapena osati ambiri mumanena kuti phunziroli silingaganizire za momwe chinsinsi, kudzipatula, ndi manyazi zimakhudzira pa umoyo wa munthu pa nthawi yayitali.
Masiku ano, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino zothandizira kupereka "chikhululuko" chachikulu cha chithandizo chamankhwala, kuganizira kwasintha kuchoka ku HIV ngati chilango chokhalitsa kwa wina amene HIV imayendetsedwa ngati gawo la thanzi labwino la munthu.
Ndipo, ndiko komwe kumakhala ngati kusungulumwa komanso kusowa chithandizo cha chikhalidwe ndizofunika. Monga zifukwa zodziimira, zonsezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba cha kusamalidwa kwachipatala komanso chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha anthu onse. Kunena mwachidule, kudzipatula sikusintha matenda aliwonse, HIV kapena ayi.
Mfundo yaikulu ndi iyi: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV masiku ano amafa chifukwa cha matenda osagonana ndi HIV kusiyana ndi omwe ali ndi HIV. Komanso, ambiri mwa matendawa (monga khansara ndi matenda a mtima ) amayamba kuchitika zaka 10 mpaka 15 kuposa kale lonse.
Ngakhale kuti kachilombo ka HIV kosadziwika sikungakuthandizeni kuti mukhale ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda, zotsatira zake pa thanzi lanu ndi moyo wanu wonse zingakhale zowononga kwambiri.
> Chitsime:
> Daskalopoulou, M .; Lampe, F .; Phillips, A. et al. "Osati kufotokoza za HIV sterostatus ndi mayanjano omwe ali ndi zifukwa zokhudzana ndi maganizo, ART sikumamatira, komanso kutuluka kwa tizilombo sizinayambitse pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ku UK." AIDS Behav. 2017; 21 (1): 184-95. DOI: 10.1007 / s10461-016-1541-4.